• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.17 no.8
• /
• pp.107-118
• /
• 2019

Purpose - The present study examines the effect of service employees' experienced customer incivility through their emotional exhaustion. We identified service employees' emotion regulation ability as a boundary condition (i.e., moderating variable) that decreased the positive relationship between service employees' experienced customer incivility and their emotional exhaustion. Furthermore, we also investigated the negative relationship between service employees' experienced customer incivility and their service performance via emotional exhaustion. Research design, data, and methodology - Drawing on AET (affective event theory) and COR (conservation of resources) theory, we developed three research hypotheses (i.e., mediation, moderation, and moderated mediation). Online panel survey data from 552 frontline employees at several service organizations (e.g., department stores, retail stores, hotels, restaurants, airlines, banking, insurance company, and etc) in South Korea were examined. To assess two types of validity (i.e., convergent and discriminant validity) and reliability of measurement model, we employed the CFA (confirmatory factor analysis) using M-plus 8.2 software. Internal consistency also was tested by Cronbach' α. In addition, we employed the SPSS PROCESS MACRO 2.16, which was recommended by Hayes (2013, 2015), to estimate mediation, moderation, and moderated mediation effects. Results - As predicted, the negative relationship between service employees' experienced customer incivility and their service performance was mediated by emotional exhaustion. Furthermore, service employees' emotion regulation ability also played a significant moderating role of the relationship between service employees' experienced customer incivility and emotional exhaustion, such that this relationship was less pronounced when service employees had a high level of their emotion regulation ability than when thir emotion regulation ability was low. Service employees' emotion regulation ability further moderated this mediation effect of service employees' experienced customer incivility on service performance through emotional exhaustion. These findings have theoretical implications for employees' experienced customer incivility and emotion regulation ability research and provide managerial implications for practitioners. Conclusions - This study empirically elaborated the previous model of service employees' experienced customer incivility and personal resource (e.g., emotion regulation ability) literature by presenting the findings that service employees' experienced customer incivility influences their service performance via emotional exhaustion and that emotion regulation ability effectively reduces this negative effect.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.479-488
• /
• 2016

This study developed an instrument to assess the effects of the bullying of nurses in the workplace and evaluated the developed instrument. A literature review and a field study were conducted to identify the concepts related to the bullying of nurses in the workplace. These attributes served as building blocks to produce a 28-item WPBN-CI. The content validity was used to determine the content and face validities, and the number of instrument items was reduced to 14. The final WPBN-CI instrument was evaluated using the SPSS 18.0 program with the data collected from October 21-28, 2013 from 458 nurses from general hospitals in the metropolitan area. The WPBN-CI consisted of 13 items covering three distinct factors (physical and psychological withdrawal, poor quality of patient care, and increasing distrust), with a total variance of 62.9%. The convergent and determinant validities for the WPBN-CI were 100% and 89.7%, respectively. The known-groups validity was proven through the mean difference in the level of depression. The satisfied criterion validity for the WPBN-CI was more than 0.70. The reliability of the WPBN-CI was demonstrated by its Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ of 0.90. The WPBN-CI will identify in advance the results due to the bullying of nurses in the workplace and will help to find solutions to the problem and ensure program effectiveness.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.94-104
• /
• 2015

Population and urban development along the coast is growing in South Korea, and particularly sea level rise is likely to increase the vulnerability of coastal areas. This study aims to investigate the sea level rise through Mann-Kendall(MK) test, ordinary linear regression(OR) and quantile regression analysis(QRA) with sea level data at the 20 tide stations along the coast of Korean Peninsula. First, statistically significant long-term trends were analysed using a non-parametric MK test and the test indicated statistically significant trends for 18 and 10 stations at the 5% significance level in the annual mean value of sea level and the annual maximum value of sea level, respectively. The QRA method showed better performance in terms of characterizing the degree of trend. QRA showed that an average annual rise in mean sea level is about 1-6 mm/year, and an average rise in maximum sea level is about 1-20 mm. It was found that upward convergent and upward divergent were a representative change given the nine-category distributional changes. We expect that in future work we will address nonstationarities with respect to sea level that were identified above, and develop a nonstationary frequency analysis with climate change scenarios.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.14 no.12
• /
• pp.335-344
• /
• 2016

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of stress, social support, and self-esteem on depression in female students. A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 249 females students from November to December 2015. The study instruments comprised stress, social support, self-esteem, and depression. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and hierarchial multiple linear regression using SPSS/WIN 18.0 program. Depression was closely related to school year(F=7.03, p<.001), health status(F=15.19, p<.001), major satisfaction(F=18.02, p<.001), and student activity(t=1.98, p=.049). The significant factors influencing depression were stress(${\beta}=.45$, p<.001), self-esteem(${\beta}=-.34$, p<.001), social support(${\beta}=-.14$, p=.004), major satisfaction(${\beta}=-.11$, p=.018). To decrease depression, it is necessary to develop a program coping with stress and increasing the self-esteem and social support. Thus, it will be able to enhance the mental health of female students.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
• /
• v.10 no.8
• /
• pp.223-228
• /
• 2020

Objective of this study was to compared the amount of bacteria in the toothbrush according to the management method of the toothbrush in use and the acidity of intraoral bacteria. Toothbrushes in use in more than one month of 50 healthy adults were collected and the number of bacteria and pH of the toothbrushes were measured. When the number of brushings per day was 4, the pH 4.97 and the microbial numbers was the lowest at 42.16(104×CFU/ml). When the replacement period of the toothbrush was 1 month, the pH 5.35 and the microbial numbers was the lowest at 19.80(104×CFU/ml). When stored in the bathroom, the pH 4.78, and the microbial numbers was highest at 149.46(104×CFU/ml). As a result, in order to block the germs of the toothbrush, it is necessary to develop a method that can easily disinfect the contaminated toothbrush at home. In addition, I think that it is necessary to educate about the proper brush cleaning and storage method when teaching brushing.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
• /
• v.63 no.1
• /
• pp.267-289
• /
• 2011

The purpose of the present study was to develop a Korean version of the scale of attitudes for disabled Persons and attitudes towards disabled person-original by translating and modifying the scale proposed by Antonak(1982). In order to test validation, this study was focused on processing survey and statistic data analysis and tried to find a way to applicate in Korea. The data were collected from 500 non-disabled persons divided into two groups, which were consist of target group (public officials, health care providers, teachers, journalists and rehabilitation facility staffs) and general group. Based on the descriptive analysis, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis of the data, validity and reliability were examined. Also to find the statistic significant difference on attitudes towards disabled person between target group and general group, t-test was proceed. The result of the exploratory factor analysis drew 15 items representing 3 factors (Pessimism-Stereotype, Optimism-Human Rights, Derogatory Personality Stereotype). A confirmatory factor analysis results provided the construct validity of this scale as good and reasonable fitness. Cronbach's alpha ranged from .67 to .85 showed internal consistencies of the sub-scales. The subscales were significantly correlated with convergent with DFS(Disability Factor Scale) variables. And the target group had more positive attitudes toward disabled person than general group. It is suggested this scale more suitable for various disability types be elaborated, and get a practical implication on attitudes towards disabled person.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.7-15
• /
• 2020

As the paradigm shifts from treatment and provider-centered healthcare to prevention and consumer-centered healthcare, the integration of ICT convergence technology is calling for an era of digital healthcare industry revival in the Fourth Industrial Revolution. It is possible to provide individual customized medical services utilizing various medical data, and it is possible to provide various medical services that transcend time and space through integration with other industries. Such digital healthcare includes health, nutrition, exercise, and patient care, while the digital healthcare industry includes healthcare and IT related to medical devices, medical information systems, and healthcare platforms that can provide personal health and medical information. Due to the social demands of the aging and the increase of chronic diseases, digital healthcare is considered as an important policy in the fourth industrial revolution in Korea. In order for the digital healthcare industry to contribute to the prolongation of human life and the improvement of quality of life, it is urgent to develop related infrastructures, legal institutions, and prepare policies. In addition, it is important to activate convergent education to foster talents who will lead the digital healthcare industry. The purpose of this study was to examine the trends of the digital healthcare industry in the era of the fourth industrial revolution and the direction of government R & D policies, and to derive directions and suggestions for future development.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.145-152
• /
• 2018

The aim of this study is to determine whether the reproductive health promotion program (RHPP) affect the sexual knowledge, sexual attitude, and reproductive health promoting behavior in University students. The students of 108 (mean 20.84 years) were participated in the RHPP, and this program was conducted to 110 min, twice a week for 4 weeks from November 9, 2016 to December 7. We investigated sexual knowledge, attitude, and reproductive health promoting behavior by questionnaire. As the results, the sexual attitude was better than baseline, and significant correlation between the sexual knowledge and the reproductive health promoting behavior (p<0.05). However, no significant changes in outcome measure were observed in the sexual knowledge and reproductive health promoting behavior (p>0.05). We found that the RHPP improves the sexual attitude and correlate between the sexual knowledge and reproductive health promoting behavior. This study will be utilized to develop the education program for the reproductive health promotion of University students.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.11 no.9
• /
• pp.175-180
• /
• 2020

In this study, the freight vehicles were modelled and the flow analysis on the existence or non-existence of a cargo container and the wind deflector were carried out. Based on the driving speed of 100 km/hr, at all models A, B and C, the highest flow rate was shown between 58 m/s and 59 m/s at the top of the model shape. All models A, B and C showed the highest pressure of air resistance between 652Pa and 671Pa at the front of the model geometry. The maximum pressure of model A is considered to be the smallest, with the least flow resistance to speed compared to models B and C. Therefore, it can be seen that model A has an advantageous condition for air resistance in terms of fuel costs. Unlike model B which causes the rapid flow resistance at the cargo compartment, model C can be found to flow a little more smoothly on the streamlined wind deflector. So, the flow air at a streamlined shape is considered to be more advantageous in terms of air resistance than at angular shape. By applying the research analysis result on the air flow in driving according to a cargo container and the wind deflector, it is seen that this study is adequate at the practical efficient design and aesthetic convergence.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.29 no.10
• /
• pp.1665-1674
• /
• 2019

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted, emerging Flavivirus that causes Guillain-$Barr{\acute{e}}$ syndrome and microcephaly in adults and fetuses, respectively. Since ZIKV was first isolated in 1947, severe outbreaks have occurred at various places worldwide, including Yap Island in 2007, French Polynesia in 2013, and Brazil in 2015. Although incidences of ZIKV infection and dissemination have drastically increased, the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of ZIKV have not been sufficiently studied. In addition, despite extensive research, the exact roles of individual ZIKV genes in the viral evasion of the host innate immune responses remain elusive. Besides, it is still possible that more than one ZIKV-encoded protein may negatively affect type I interferon (IFN) induction. Hence, in this study, we aimed to determine the modulations of the IFN promoter activity, induced by the MDA5/RIG-I signaling pathway, by over-expressing individual ZIKV genes. Our results show that two nonstructural proteins, NS2A and NS4A, significantly down-regulated the promoter activity of IFN-${\beta}$ by inhibiting multiple signaling molecules involved in the activation of IFN-${\beta}$. Interestingly, while NS2A suppressed both full-length and constitutively active RIG-I, NS4A had inhibitory activity only on full-length RIG-I. In addition, while NS2A inhibited all forms of IRF3 (full-length, regulatory domain-deficient, and constitutively active), NS4A could not inhibit constitutively active IRF3-5D. Taken together, our results showed that NS2A and NS4A play major roles as antagonists of MDA5/RIG-I-mediated IFN-${\beta}$ induction and more importantly, these two viral proteins seem to inhibit induction of the type I IFN responses in differential mechanisms. We believe this study expands our understanding regarding the mechanisms via which ZIKV controls the innate immune responses in cells and may pave the way to development of ZIKV-specific therapeutics.