• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.134-145
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• 2003

Mechanical properties and microleakage of two composites [conventional hybrid type DenFil (VERICOM Co., Anyang, Korea) / micro matrix hybrid type Esthet X (Dentsply Caulk, Milford, DE, U.S.A.)] were evaluated to assess whether variable light intensity curing is better than conventional curing technique. Curing was done for 40 seconds in two ways of 2 step soft-start technique and 5 step ramping technique. Three kinds of light intensities of 50, 100, $200{\;}mW/\textrm{cm}^2$ were initially used for 10, 20, 30 seconds each and the maximum intensity of $600 {\;}mW/\textrm{cm}^2$ was used for the rest of curing time in a soft-start curing tech nique. In a ramping technique, curing was done with the same initial intensities and the light intensity was increased 5 times with the same rate to the maximum intensity of $600{\;}mW/\textrm{cm}^2$. After determining conditions that showed no different mechanical properties with conventional technique, Esthet X composite was filled in a class V cavity, which dimension was $4{\times}3{\times}1.5{\;}mm$ and cured under those conditions. Microleakage was evaluated in two ways of dye penetration and maximum gap estimation through SEM observation. ANOVA and Spearman's rho test were used to confirm any statistical significance among groups. The results were as follows : 1 Several curing conditions of variable light intensities resulted in the similar mechanical properties with a conventional continuous curing technique, except conditions that start curing with an initial light intensity of $50{\;}mW/\textrm{cm}^2$. 2. Conventional and ramping techniques were better than soft-start technique in mechanical properties of microhardness and compressive strength. 3. Soft-start group that started curing with an initial light intensity of $100{\;}mW/\textrm{cm}^2$ for 10 seconds showed the least dye penetration. Soft-start group that started curing with an initial light intensity of $200{\;}mW/\textrm{cm}^2$ for 10 seconds showed the smallest marginal gap, if there was no difference among groups. 4. Soft-start technique resulted in better dye-proof margin than conventional technique(p=0.014) and ramping technique(p = 0.002). 5. There was a very low relationship(p=0.157) between the methods of dye penetration and marginal gap determination through SEM evaluation. From the results of this study, it was revealed that ramping technique would be better than conventional technique in mechanical properties, however, soft-start technique might be better than conventional one in microleakage. It was concluded that much endeavor should be made to find out the curing conditions, which have advantages of both aspects or to solve these kinds of problems through a novel idea of polymerization.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.136-139
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• 2011

PURPOSE. A new light curing urethane dimethacrylate and a cold curing resin with simpler and faster laboratory procedures may have even improved flexural properties. This study investigated the 3-point flexural strengths and flexural moduli of two alternate base materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A cold curing resin (Weropress) and a light curing urethane dimethacrylate base material (Eclipse). Along with Eclipse and Weropress, a high impact resin (Lucitone199) and three conventional base materials (QC 20, Meliodent and Paladent 20) were tested. A 3-point bending test was used to determine the flexural strengths and flexural moduli. The mean displacement, maximum load, flexural modulus and flexural strength values and standard deviations for each group were analyzed by means of one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (with mean difference significant at the 0.05 level). Post hoc analyses (Scheffe test) were carried out to determine the differences between the groups at a confidence level of 95%. RESULTS. Flexural strength, displacement and force maximum load values of Eclipse were significantly different from other base materials. Displacement values of QC 20 were significantly different from Lucitone 199 and Weropress. CONCLUSION. The flexural properties and simpler processing technique of Eclipse system presents an advantageous alternative to conventional base resins and Weropress offers another simple laboratory technique.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.69-82
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• 1992

An experimental investigation of the physical properties of light curing composite resin P-50 was performed, in which an argon ion laser beam was irradiated. The physical and mechanical properties of laser polymerized composite resin were determined by measuring the compressive strength, diametral tensile strength, curing depth and microhardness depending upon the experimental conditions such as the laser irradiation time(10sec, 20sec, 30sec) and laser power(300mW, 500mW, 1000mW). These observations were compared with a conventional visible light curing technique. In addition, to evaluate the marginal adaptation, Class V cavity was prepared on the buccal or lingual surface of the extracted premolar and filled with P-50 light curing resin. The test samples were irradiated with both light sources so that the interface between the restoration and the tooth structure were observed under scanning electron microscope. The most of physical and mechanical properties of the laser cured resin showed a remarkable improvement than those treated with the conventional light source, while the observations with the scanning electron microscope provided no significant difference for two polymerized sources. From the results in the experiment it appears that the potential of an argon ion laser is of important value of the use in the polymerization of composite resin.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.97-103
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• 2006

A modified one-sided measurement technique is proposed for Rayleigh wave (R-wave) velocity measurement in concrete. The scattering from heterogeneity may affect the waveforms of R-waves in concrete, which may make the R-waves dispersive. Conventional one-sided techniques do not consider the scattering dispersion of R-waves in concrete. In this study, the maximum energy arrival concept is adopted to determine the wave velocity by employing its continuous wavelet transform. Experimental study was performed to show the effectiveness of the proposed method. The present method is applied to monitor the strength development of early-age concrete. A series of experiments were performed on early-age concrete specimens with various curing conditions. Results reveal that the proposed method can be effectively used to measure the R-wave velocity in concrete structures and to monitor the strength development of early-age concrete.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.883-885
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• 2009

We proposed intriguing and simple technique for fabricating flexible plastic liquid crystal (LC) devices. We made a preliminary version of a flexible LC display employing this concept, and we confirmed this technique was useful for the flexible LC display; the electro-optical reproducibility of the flexible LC device fabricated here was remarkably improved against external perturbation compared with the conventional one.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.17 no.6 s.85
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• pp.27-35
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• 2005

Conventional pad- dry-cure(thermo-fixation) process usually produces functional performance on both sides of a fabric. UV curing technique was applied to impart water- and oil-repellent finish effective only on the face of a PET knitted fabric. The preferential one-side coating, by virtue of the limited penetration of UV light, was achieved by W curing after padding of a fluorocarbon agent without special coating or printing equipments. The difference in the functional property of face and back sides was examined by measuring water and oil repellency at each side of the treated fabric. The influence of pre/post-irradiation dose and agent concentration on the performance of the finished fabrics were investigated. While increase in both resin concentration and post-irradiation did not have significant effect on the finish, UV pre-irradiation of PET fabrics caused remarkable influence presumably due to appropriate surface modification of PET fabrics required for facile wetting of the resin. The dimensional stability and color change of the UV cured fabrics measured by FAST and reflectance spectrophotometry showed significantly decreased color difference and increased percent extension compared with the samples pre-irradiated without agent application.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.551-556
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• 2002

High-performance concrete is defined as concrete that meets special combinations of performance and uniformity requirements that cannot always be achieved routinely using conventional constituents and normal mixing, placing, and curing practices. Ever since the term high-performance concrete was introduced into the industry, it had widely used in large-scale concrete construction that demands high-strength, high-flowability, and high-durability. To obtain such performances that cannot be obtained from conventional concrete and by the current method, a large number of trial mixes are required to select the desired combination of materials that meets special performance. In this paper, therefore, using genetic algorithm which is a global optimization technique modeled on biological evolutionary process-natural selection and natural genetics-and can be used to find a near optimal solution to a problem that may have many solutions, the new design method for high-performance concrete mixtures is suggested to reduce the number of trial mixtures with desired properties in the field test. Experimental and analytic investigations were carried out to develop the design method for high-performance concrete mixtures and to verify the proposed mix design.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the flexure stregth of posterior 4-unit acrylic resin bridge with different pontic designs : 1) Conventional pontic 2) Hygienic pontic and 3) Modified hygienic pontic. All specimens were made of self-curing acrylic resin for provisional restorations. Self-curing acrylic resin was filled in a silicone mold by the drop-on technique ; and was polymerized in a pressure spot under 20 psi pressure. The test specimens which were simply shaped posterior 4-unit bridge were 38mm ion 4mm wide, and 35mm thick(connector : 3mm thick). Each specimen was subjected to an increasing load of Instron machine with its tip centered on the specimen at 90-degree angle, and the machine was operated with its load cell of 50kg and its crosshead speed, 2mm/minute : and then the load values at the moment of the fracture of them were recorded. This study was also performed to analyze their stress distributions by the finite element method. The obtained results were as follows : 1. Flexure strength of the hygienic pontic(9.78kg) and the modified hygienic pontic(10.17kg) was higher than that of conventional pontic(6.96kg). But no significant difference was found between the hygienci pontic and the. modified hygienic pontic. The above statistic values were appraised by ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test 2. Stress was concentrated on the middle portion in every group : and the stress of conventional pontic was found the greatest of all pontic designs.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.133-149
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• 1998

Clinical application of composite resin recently draw great concerns in dentistry. Especially due to advantages such as esthetics, adhesiveness, simple clinical procedures, various shapes and kinds of composite resins are widely being applied to prosthodontics, conservative dentistry, and orthodontics. But, clinical problems attributable to the polymerization shrinkage of composite resin have been proposed, and we have to regard clinical problems such as secondary caries, loss of restoration, fracture of the surrounding tooth structure, marginal discoloration, and tooth sensitivity, and many portions are remained to be overcome. Therefore, this study attempts to analyze stress distribution between resin and tooth structure which is generated during polymerization shrinkage of composite resin using three dimensional finite element method. Three dimensional finite element models with conventional box-shape cavity and erosion/abrasion type V-shape lesion cavity in upper central incisor were developed. These cavities were filled with four different types of placement techniques. (bulk filling, horizontal increment filling, oblique occlusal increment filling, oblique gingival increment filling) The stresses generated by polymerization shrinkage of composite resin were calculated. The results analyzed with three dimensional finite element method were as follows : 1. The increment filling technique showed the highest maximum normal stress in both conventional box-shape and V-shape cavities and showed a tendency to decrease after complete polymerization. 2. The bulk filling technique resulted in increased stresses during the curing process in both conventional box-shape and V-shape cavities and the highest maximum normal stress occurred after complete polymerization. 3. The bulk filling resulted in the lowest maximum normal stress in both box-shape and V-shape cavities 4. Regardless of placement method, in conventional box-shape cavity, the maximum normal stress increased in dentin floor, enamel, dentin sequence and in V-shape cavity, the maximum normal stress increased in enamel, dentin sequence.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.162-168
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• 2019

Composite resin restorations in posterior teeth are increasing due to the aesthetic needs of patients and the development of materials. This trend will accelerate in line with domestic insurance policies. However, resin composites generate stresses due to their contraction during the polymerization process. To reduce the polymerization shrinkage stress of resin composites, incremental layering technique has been recommended for decades. This technique reduces stress at the cavity wall interface and allows a more efficient light curing of the material. Bulk-fill resin composites have been designed to simplify the restorative technique because they can be placed into cavities in a single increment of 4-5mm. The simplification of the operative procedures is desirable in clinical daily practice. In this context, bulk-fill resin composites are an attractive alternative for posterior restorations. However, a clearer understanding of the clinical performance of this relatively new class of materials in comparison to conventional resin composites is required. Based on previous studies, the aim of the current review was to present the clinical criteria for the use of bulk-fill composites in direct restorations of posterior teeth.