• Title/Summary/Keyword: Conventional/Non-conventional Protein

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Performance of Weaner Lambs on Conventional Feeds or Supplemented with Mango Seed Kernel (Mangifera indica) and Babul Pods Chuni (Acacia nilotica) under Intensive Production System

  • Saiyed, L.H.;Parnerkar, S.;Wadhwani, K.N.;Pandya, P.R.;Patel, A.M.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.16 no.10
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    • pp.1469-1474
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    • 2003
  • Twenty four weaner lambs, eight each of Marwari, Patanwadi and Merino${\times}$Patanwadi breeds (9.9 to 10.8 kg) were randomly divided into two dietary treatments on body weight basis Viz. $T_1$-conventional (Maize-38%, GN Cake-25%, Rice Polish-24%, Jaggery solution-10%, Mineral mixture-3%) and $T_2$-supplemented non conventional group (GN Cake-25%, Rice Polish-14%, Mango seed kernel-25%, Babul Pods chuni-23%, Jaggery solution-10%, Mineral mixture-3%). The Jaggery solution was prepared by mixing 6.5 kg Jaggery and 3.5 kg water. The average final body weight at the end of the experiment was recorded to be $19.33{\pm}0.76$ and $19.72{\pm}0.8kg$ in conventional and non-conventional groups, respectively. The total dry matter intake (DMI) during the entire experiment period was recorded to be $89.56{\pm}5.19$ and $95.08{\pm}1.06$ (kg/head) and $532.83{\pm}9.94$ and $566.75{\pm}10.49g/d$ in conventional and nonconventional groups, respectively. The body weight gain and body measurements did not influenced by diet. The ration effect was found to be significant when the DMI was expressed in terms of g/d. The crude protein (CP) and digestible crude protein (DCP) intake/head and per kg gain observed during experiment under conventional and non-conventional treatment group did not differ from each other. However, the total digestible nutrients (TDN) intake per kg gain was significantly (p<0.05) higher in supplemented non-conventional group. The intake values of DCP and TDN were more or less in agreement with Indian Council Agricultural Research (1985) recommendations. The estimated total feed cost (Rs./animal) for experimental lambs was $274.16{\pm}8.57$ and $242.67{\pm}5.10$ in conventional and non- group, respectively. The non-conventional group had significantly (p<0.05) lower feed cost (11.6%). The return as percent of feed cost and feed cost/kg dressed weight were $92.89{\pm}5.58$ (%) and Rs. $35.40{\pm}1.11$ and $122.61{\pm}5.06$ (%) and Rs.$30.47{\pm}1.71$ in conventional and non-conventional group (p<0.05), respectively which is the reflection of significantly lower total feed cost incurred during feeding in non-conventional group. Lambs fed non-conventional based diet had similar live weights as those fed conventional diets but costed less money to achieve those weights.

Observation of Cellodextrin Accumulation Resulted from Non-Conventional Secretion of Intracellular β-Glucosidase by Engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae Fermenting Cellobiose

  • Lee, Won-Heong;Jin, Yong-Su
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.31 no.7
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    • pp.1035-1043
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    • 2021
  • Although engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermenting cellobiose is useful for the production of biofuels from cellulosic biomass, cellodextrin accumulation is one of the main problems reducing ethanol yield and productivity in cellobiose fermentation with S. cerevisiae expressing cellodextrin transporter (CDT) and intracellular β-glucosidase (GH1-1). In this study, we investigated the reason for the cellodextrin accumulation and how to alleviate its formation during cellobiose fermentation using engineered S. cerevisiae fermenting cellobiose. From the series of cellobiose fermentation using S. cerevisiae expressing only GH1-1 under several culture conditions, it was discovered that small amounts of GH1-1 were secreted and cellodextrin was generated through trans-glycosylation activity of the secreted GH1-1. As GH1-1 does not have a secretion signal peptide, non-conventional protein secretion might facilitate the secretion of GH1-1. In cellobiose fermentations with S. cerevisiae expressing only GH1-1, knockout of TLG2 gene involved in non-conventional protein secretion pathway significantly delayed cellodextrin formation by reducing the secretion of GH1-1 by more than 50%. However, in cellobiose fermentations with S. cerevisiae expressing both GH1-1 and CDT-1, TLG2 knockout did not show a significant effect on cellodextrin formation, although secretion of GH1-1 was reduced by more than 40%. These results suggest that the development of new intracellular β-glucosidase, not influenced by non-conventional protein secretion, is required for better cellobiose fermentation performances of engineered S. cerevisiae fermenting cellobiose.

Non-Conventional Concentrates in Temperate Asian-Australasian Countries - Review -

  • Chiou, P.W.S.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.12 no.3
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    • pp.460-466
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    • 1999
  • The huge amount of demand for feedgrains from this region could not possibly be met by producing countries from the other regions. In order to fulfill this increasing demand for conventional raw materials, an alternative for the conventional raw materials produced in the Asia and Pacific region is becoming increasingly more important. A potential alternative is concentrates or non-conventional concentrates produced locally in relative abundance in this region. These feedstuffs include feed grains, by-products from the milling, sugar industries, brewing and distilling industries. Vegetable, citrus, and animal by-products from abattoir, feather meal and blood meal are also possibilities. In addition to more widespread use of unconventional feed sources, the following approach is recommended to improve utilization and performance. These include establishing the nutritive value of non-conventional feeds, quality control to minimize variability, proper storage and processing to assure the nutritive value and prevent mycotoxin contamination, properly balance amino acids with protein sources, supplementation with synthetic amino acids and the use of enzymes to increase digestibility. Currently, practical applications for these resources in feed formulation are negligible despite the potential. The socio-economic aspects will dominate the use of these non-conventional concentrates. In the future, the feed industry will resolve the problems in using locally available raw feed materials.

Studies on Feed Resources of Non-Conventional Agriculture Roughage (농업부산물 사료화 이용 연구)

  • Kim, Weon-Ho;Seo, Sung;Park, Geun-Je;Shin, Dong-Eun;Choi, Gee-Jun;Kim, Kee-Yong
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.21 no.3
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    • pp.169-174
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    • 2001
  • This study was conducted to investigate the effects of feed resources and collection system of nonconventional agricultural roughages, and reduction of environment pollution by turning non-conventional agricultural roughages to feed resources and diversification of feed supply. And a series of experiment were conducted to determine the effect of moisture control material on quality of sweet potato stalk, peanut stalk, barley straw, the experiments were conducted at Grassland and Forage Crops Division, National Livestock Research Institute, RDA, Suwon in 1999 and 2000. The results obtained from these experiments are summarized as follows; Acid detergent fiber(ADF), neutral detergent fiber(NDF) and total digestible nutrient(TDN) of sweet potato were 38.8, 50.7 and 58.2% in the control silage, but that of rice straw added silage for moisture control were decreased to 41.5, 50.8 and 56.1%. ADF, NDF, CP(crude protein) and TDN of peanut stalk were 42.2, 49.6, 10.5 and 55.6% on the rice straw added silage for moisture control, and there were not affected by barely straw added silage for moisture control. And ADF, NDF and TDN content of barely straw increased 42.8, 65.8 and 55.1% on the water+inoculants treated silage. The results of this study indicate that non-conventional agricultural roughages to feed resources should be make for silage at silo after dry matter percentage(ab0ut 35%) control. Also, rice straw added silage for moisture control will improve the silage fermentation and conservation. (Key words : Feed resources, Non-conventional agriculture, Fermentation, Inoculant, Rice straw)

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Evaluation of non-conventional feeds for ruminants using in situ nylon bag and the mobile bag technique (In situ 나일론백 그리고 모바일백 방법을 이용한 국내 부존사료자원의 반추가축용 사료 가치 평가)

  • Baek, Youl-Chang;Choi, Hyuck
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.18 no.7
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    • pp.73-83
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    • 2017
  • This study was conducted to evaluate the chemical composition, digestibility, and energy value of 15 non-conventional feeds produced in South Korea as ruminant feeds. Three Hanwoo steers (body weight, $520{\pm}20.20kg$) fitted with a permanent rumen cannula and duodenal cannula were housed individually in tie-stall barns, followed by a 14-day adaptation period and 3-day experimental period. Chemical composition analysis, in situ nylon bag, and mobile bag technique were used as experiments. As a result of the chemical composition analysis offeeds, crude protein (CP) contentsofmalt meal, perilla meal, soy sauce cake, and soymilk residue were greater than 30%. As a result of the degradability characteristics analysis of feeds using an in situ nylon bag, rumen undegraded protein (RUP) contents of beet pulp, brewer's grain, coffee meal, malt meal, milo bran, perilla meal, ramen residue, and soymilk residue were greater than 50%. Analysis of total digestible nutrient (TDN) values of feeds using an in situ mobile bag showed that TDN values of beet pulp, brewer's grain, makgeolli residue, milo bran, perilla meal, ramen residue, rice bran, soy sauce cake, soybean curd cake, soymilk residue, and wheat bran weregreater than 50%. In summary, these non-conventional feeds have high potential value as good feed resources to replace formulated feeds or roughage. Therefore, the chemical composition, digestibility, and energy value of non-conventional feeds obtained from this study can be used as base data for the manufacture of ruminant total mixed ration (TMR) with improved feed efficiency, reduced feed costs, and reduction of environmental pollution.

A comparative analysis of rumen pH, milk production characteristics, and blood metabolites of Holstein cattle fed different forage levels for the establishment of objective indicators of the animal welfare certification standard

  • Baek, Dong Jin;Kwon, Hyoun Chul;Mun, Ah Lyum;Lim, Joo Ri;Park, Sung Won;Han, Jin Soo
    • Animal Bioscience
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    • v.35 no.1
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    • pp.147-152
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    • 2022
  • Objective: This study was conducted to obtain an objective index that can be quantified and used for establishing an animal welfare certification standard in Korea. For this purpose rumen pH, ruminating time, milk yield, milk quality, and blood components of cows reared in farms feeding high forage level (90%) and farms feeding low forage level (40%) were compared. Methods: Data on rumen pH, rumination time, milk yield, milk fat ratio, milk protein ratio, and blood metabolism were collected from 12 heads from a welfare farm (forage rate 88.5%) and 13 heads from a conventional farm (forage rate 34.5%) for three days in October 2019. Results: The rumination time was longer in cattle on the welfare farm than on the conventional farm (p<0.01), but ruminal pH fluctuation was greater in the cattle on conventional farm than the welfare farm (p<0.01). Conventional farms with a high ratio of concentrated feed were higher in average daily milk yield than welfare farms, but milk fat and milk production efficiency (milk fat and milk protein corrected milk/total digestible nutrients) was higher in cattle on welfare farms. Blood test results showed a normal range for both farm types, but concentrations of total cholesterol and non-esterified fatty acid were significantly higher in cows from conventional farms with a high milk yield (p<0.01). Conclusion: The results of this study confirmed that cows on the animal welfare farm with a high percentage of grass feed had higher milk production efficiency with healthier rumen pH and blood metabolism parameters compared to those on the conventional farm.

A Domain Combination Based Probabilistic Framework for Protein-Protein Interaction Prediction (도메인 조합 기반 단백질-단백질 상호작용 확률 예측기법)

  • Han, Dong-Soo;Seo, Jung-Min;Kim, Hong-Soog;Jang, Woo-Hyuk
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bioinformatics Conference
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    • 2003.10a
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    • pp.7-16
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    • 2003
  • In this paper, we propose a probabilistic framework to predict the interaction probability of proteins. The notion of domain combination and domain combination pair is newly introduced and the prediction model in the framework takes domain combination pair as a basic unit of protein interactions to overcome the limitations of the conventional domain pair based prediction systems. The framework largely consists of prediction preparation and service stages. In the prediction preparation stage, two appearance pro-bability matrices, which hold information on appearance frequencies of domain combination pairs in the interacting and non-interacting sets of protein pairs, are constructed. Based on the appearance probability matrix, a probability equation is devised. The equation maps a protein pair to a real number in the range of 0 to 1. Two distributions of interacting and non-interacting set of protein pairs are obtained using the equation. In the prediction service stage, the interaction probability of a protein pair is predicted using the distributions and the equation. The validity of the prediction model is evaluated fur the interacting set of protein pairs in Yeast organism and artificially generated non-interacting set of protein pairs. When 80% of the set of interacting protein pairs in DIP database are used as foaming set of interacting protein pairs, very high sensitivity(86%) and specificity(56%) are achieved within our framework.

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Protein Composition of Domestic and Glyphosate-Tolerant Soybean (국내산 및 제초제 내성 콩의 단백질 조성 분석)

  • Wei, Chun-Hua;Sok, Dai-Eun;Yang, Yun-Hyoung;Oh, Sang-Hee;Kim, Hyoung-Chin;Yoon, Won-Kee;Kim, Hwan-Mook;Kim, Mee-Ree
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.35 no.4
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    • pp.470-475
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    • 2006
  • In order to elucidate the differences of protein profiles among soybean cultivars, the protein composition of three conventional domestic soybean cultivars and two imported ones including glyphosate-tolerant HS2906 was analyzed by total nitrogen measurement, amino acid analysis and PAGE/densitometry. There were no statistically significant differences in the levels of any amino acid, including aromatic amino acids, between glyphosale-tolerant soybean and the conventional soybean WS82. In the extraction of protein, the SDS/buffer system was more efficient than the defatting/water system. The SDS-PAGE/densitometry analysis showed that there was a similar profile of proteins among cultivars, although the amount of total protein ranged from 380.2 mg/g to 423.9 mg/g. In addition, there was no discernable difference of protein profile between glyphosate- tolerant soybean (total protein amount, 380.2 mg/g) and the conventional soybean WS82 (390.2 mg/g), although the amount of ${\beta}$-conglycinin (55 kDa) was lower in glyphosate-tolerant soybean. Meanwhile, the amount of 25 kDa protein was greater in domestic soybean cultivars than imported ones. Thus, normal PAGE/ densitometry method would be useful to analyze the difference in protein profiles of soybean proteins, and furthermore Evaluate the protein profile of proteins between GMO and conventional soybean.

Pressure Cycling Technology-assisted Protein Digestion for Efficient Proteomic Analysis

  • Choi, Hyun-Su;Lee, Sang-Kwang;Kwon, Kyung-Hoon;Yoo, Jong-Shin;Ji, Kelly;Kim, Jin-Young
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.32 no.2
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    • pp.599-604
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    • 2011
  • In typical proteomic analysis, trypsin digestion is one of the most time-consuming steps. Conventional proteomic sample preparation methods use an overnight trypsin digestion method. In this study, we compared high-pressure cycling technology (PCT) during enzyme digestion for proteome analysis to the conventional method. We examined the effect of PCT on enzyme activity at temperatures of 25, 37, and $50^{\circ}C$. Although a fast digestion (1 h) was used for the standard protein mixture analysis, the PCT-assisted method with urea showed better results for protein sequence coverage and the number of peptides identified compared with the conventional method. There was no significant difference between temperatures for PCT-assisted digestion; however, we selected PCT-assisted digestion with urea at $25^{\circ}C$ as an optimized method for fast enzyme digestion, based on peptide carbamylation at these conditions. The optimized method was used for stem cell proteome analysis. We identified 233, 264 and 137 proteins using the conventional method with urea at $37^{\circ}C$ for 16h, the PCT-assisted digestion with urea at $25^{\circ}C$ for 1 h, and the non-PCT-assisted digestion with urea at $25^{\circ}C$ for 1 h, respectively. A comparison of these results suggests that PCT enhanced the enzyme digestion by permitting better access to cleavage sites on the proteins.

FEED RESOURCE AVAILABILITY AND UTILIZATION IN SMALLHOLDER PIG FARMS IN SRI LANKA

  • Ravindran, V.;Cyril, H.W.;Nadesalingam, P.;Gunawardene, D.D.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.8 no.4
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    • pp.311-316
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    • 1995
  • Data on available feed resources, feeding practices and nutrient adequacy of rations under small farm conditions in Sri Lanka were obtained in a baseline survey involving 104 pig farms. The results showed that a wide range of non-conventional feedstuffs are used for pig feeding under typical small farm conditions and that dietary protein quality is a major factor limiting productivity. Following the survey, two on-farm trials were conducted to evaluate cheaper, alternative feeding strategies. In trial 1, a test diet was formulated using several non-conventional feedstuffs and compared with a commercial feed that is normally fed in the farms. In trial 2, the possibility of improving growth rates by amino acid supplementation was evaluated. The results demonstrated that feed costs can be considerably lowered through these packages. Some problems inherent to on-farm livestock trials are highlighted.