• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.414-423
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• 1994

The planar laminar impingement jet with a confinement plate has been studied numerically. Discretzing the convection term with the QUICKER scheme, the full Navier-Stokes equations for fluid flow were solved using the well known SIMPLER algorithm. The flow characteristics with Reynolds number and jet exit velocity profile effects on it were considered for H=3, Re=200 - 2000. Results show that vortical flow forms in turn along the confinement and impingement plates as the Reynolds number increases and such a complicated flow pattern has never been reported prior. The jet exit velocity profile is shown to do an important role in determining the position of vortex flow and its size as well as in stagnation and wall jet flow region. Parabolic jet exit profile results in peak of skin friction 1.4-1.6 times greater than that of uniform profile. The channel height effects are also studied and shown to have an effect on flow pattern similar to that of Reynolds number. Also shown is that effects of the jet exit velocity profile becomes less significant over a certain channel height.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.622-632
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• 1995

The present numerical study is aimed to investigate time-dependent characteristics of a two-dimensional lid-driven square cavity flow of three high Reynolds numbers, $7.5{\times}10^3$, $10^4$ and $3{\times}10^4$. A conservative convection term on irregular grids was adopted by renewing the MAC type difference schemes on regular grids. Relaxation of velocity and pressure is implemented by SOLA algorithm. In case of $Re=7.5{\times}10^3$, flow behavior converges to steady state after a transient period. But for $Re=10^4$, periodic unsteady sinusoidal fluctuation of local velocity and kinetic energy is found and continuous movements of small eddies in the secondary flow regions are also discovered. Random generation of eddies and their active migrating behavior are detected for $Re=3{\times}10^4$, resulting in complete unsteady and non-linear flow characteristics. And, an organized structure similar to a Moffat vortex is also observed from the time-mean flow patterns. Furthermore, a typoon-like vortex(TLV) appears intemittently and rotates along the separation regions and boundary layers.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.191-202
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• 2013

A numerical analysis of thermal stratification in the upper plenum of the MONJU fast breeder reactor was performed. Calculations were performed for a 1/6 simplified model of the MONJU reactor using the commercial code, CFX-13. To better resolve the geometrically complex upper core structure of the MONJU reactor, the porous media approach was adopted for the simulation. First, a steady state solution was obtained and the transient solutions were then obtained for the turbine trip test conducted in December 1995. The time dependent inlet conditions for the mass flow rate and temperature were provided by JAEA. Good agreement with the experimental data was observed for steady state solution. The numerical solution of the transient analysis shows the formation of thermal stratification within the upper plenum of the reactor vessel during the turbine trip test. The temporal variations of temperature were predicted accurately by the present method in the initial rapid coastdown period (~300 seconds). However, transient numerical solutions show a faster thermal mixing than that observed in the experiment after the initial coastdown period. A nearly homogenization of the temperature field in the upper plenum is predicted after about 900 seconds, which is a much shorter-term thermal stratification than the experimental data indicates. This discrepancy may be due to the shortcoming of the turbulence models available in the CFX-13 code for a natural convection flow with thermal stratification.

• 태양에너지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.43-53
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• 1986

The objective of this study is to report on the characterics of convective flow and heat transfer during metling process in order to provide design information for thermal energy storage systems which use phase change material. In present study, flow and heat transfer characteristics of the Phase Change Material in the Open Top Model (O.T.M) and in the Closed Top Model (C.T.M) were studied numerically by the control volume formulation using the algebraic non-orthogonal coordinate transformation. For the calculation procedure, the physical properties of fluid are assumed to be constant except density which is linely dependent on temperature in the bouyancy term of momentum equations. At start of melting process, the thickness of melting layer is assumed from the Stefan Problem assumption. The heat transfer results of Open Top Model and Closed Top Model are compared with the parameters of Grashof number and aspect ratio. It was found that heat transfer phenomena in melted region was greatly affected by buoyancy-driven natural convection and the melting distance of Open Top Model at the upper region is greater than that of Closed Top Model.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2016

Modeling of engine coolant temperature was conducted for a series hybrid powertrain system. The purpose of this modeling was a simplification of complex heat transfer process inside a engine cooling system in order to apply it to the vehicle powertrain simulation software. A basic modeling concept is based on the energy conservation equation within engine coolant circuit and are composed of heat rejection from engine to coolant, convection heat transfer from an engine surface and a radiator to ambient air. At the final stage, the coolant temperature was summarized as a simple differential equation. Unknown heat transfer coefficients and heat rejection term were defined by theoretical and experimental methods. The calculation result from this modeling showed a reasonable prediction by comparison with the experimental data.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.561-566
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• 2008

NR composites with different curing systems were aged thermally at 60, 70, 80, and $90^{\circ}C$ for 2-185 days in a convection oven, and the changes in the crosslink density were investigated as a function of the accelerated thermal aging. The overall crosslink densities increased with increasing aging time irrespective of the aging temperatures and curing systems. The changes in crosslink density were enhanced by increasing the aging temperature. The degree of the increased crosslink density was in the following order: "the conventional cure system > the semi-EV system > the EV system". For short term thermal aging, the change in crosslink density with the aging time was complicated, particularly for low temperature aging. The activation energies of the change in crosslink density with thermal aging using the conventional and semi-EV cure systems increased and then remained relatively constant with increasing aging time, whereas that of the specimen with an EV cure system tended to increase linearly. The experimental results were explained by the dissociation of the existing polysulfidic linkages and the formation of new cross links through the crosslinking-related chemicals remaining in the sample.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제39권3_4호
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• pp.419-435
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• 2021

This paper deals with numerical treatment of singularly perturbed differential equations involving small delays. The highest order derivative in the equation is multiplied by a perturbation parameter 𝜀 taking arbitrary values in the interval (0, 1]. For small 𝜀, the problem involves a boundary layer of width O(𝜀), where the solution changes by a finite value, while its derivative grows unboundedly as 𝜀 tends to zero. The considered problem contains delay on the convection and reaction terms. The terms with the delays are approximated using Taylor series approximations resulting to asymptotically equivalent singularly perturbed BVPs. Inducing exponential fitting factor for the term containing the singular perturbation parameter and using central finite difference for the derivative terms, numerical scheme is developed. The stability and uniform convergence of difference schemes are studied. Using a priori estimates we show the convergence of the scheme in maximum norm. The scheme converges with second order of convergence for the case 𝜀 = O(N^-1) and for the case 𝜀 ≪ N^-1, the scheme converge uniformly with first order of convergence, where N is number of mesh intervals in the domain discretization. We compare the accuracy of the developed scheme with the results in the literature. It is found that the proposed scheme gives accurate result than the one in the literatures.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.359-370
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• 2023

The thermal integrity of spent nuclear fuels has to be maintained during their long-term dry storage. The detailed temperature distributions of spent fuel assemblies are essential for evaluating the integrity of their dry storage systems. In this study, a subchannel analysis model was developed for a canister of a single fuel assembly using the COBRA-SFS code. The thermal parameters affecting the peak cladding temperature (PCT) of the spent fuel assembly were identified, and sensitivity analyses were performed based on these parameters. The subchannel analysis results indicated the presence of a recirculation flow, based on natural convection, between the fuel assembly and downcomer region. The sensitivity analysis of the thermal parameters indicated that the PCT was affected by the emissivity of the fuel cladding and basket, convective heat transfer coefficient, and thermal conductivity of the fluid. However, the effects of the wall friction factor of the canister, form loss coefficient of the grid spacers, and thermal conductivities of the solid materials, on the PCT were predominantly ignored.

• 폴리머
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.549-556
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• 2005

단축압출기의 압출공정에서 고체수송부의 열전달 현상에 미치는 무차원수의 효과를 수치 해석적인 방법으로 연구하였다. 스크루의 기하학적 구조 및 특성에 따른 압출기 내에서의 고체 흐름 상태에 대한 이해를 바탕으로 고체 수송부에 대하여 열 수지 방정식을 세우고 무차원화하였다. 이에 유한체적법과 멱법칙 도식을 적용하여 이산화 방정식을 유도한 다음 반복 대입법과 완화법으로 해를 구하였다. 고체수송부의 열전달 특성을 규정하는 무차원수인 Biot 수와 Peclet 수가 수지 공급부의 온도와 고체수송부의 길이에 끼치는 영향을 조사하였다. Biot 수가 증가하면 냉각에 의한 열 손실이 지배하여 배럴의 온도는 급격히 감소하지만 고체층의 온도와 고체수송부의 길이에 미치는 영향은 적으며, Peclet 수가 증가하면 대류 항이 지배하여 고체층의 온도가 감소하고 고체수송부의 길이가 증가한다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제37권10호
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• pp.961-969
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 상용 전산유체역학 소프트웨어인 ANSYS CFX V.13을 사용하여 정상상태, 비압축성, 등온으로 가정된 엇갈림 관 다발 및 일렬 관 다발 주위의 난류유동을 계산하였다. 계산 결과는 전산유체역학 우수사례 지침에 근거하여 격자크기, 대류항 차분법의 정확도 및 난류모델에 대한 민감도 연구에 활용되었고 실험 결과와 정량적으로 비교함으로써 우수사례 지침의 적용성을 평가하였다. 결론적으로 전산유체역학 우수사례 지침이 관 다발 유동 분야에서 상용 전산유체역학 소프트웨어의 예측성능 향상을 반드시 보증하지 않음을 확인하였다.