• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.57
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• pp.181-201
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• 2012

Classic cultivation theory and research has been noted for its failure to capture subtle variation in effects by genre and to consider tangible and practical dependent variables. Redressing these limitations, this study aimed at extending cultivation theory frame to incorporating fatalistic attitudes and reality television viewing, especially with the mediator of perceived realism. We first replicated the original cultivation effect by showing the significant effect of overall TV viewing. Even controlling for overall TV viewing, reality-based program use showed positive association with fatalistic beliefs; furthermore, the effect remained significant, additionally controlling for news(fact) use and drama(fiction) use. In a nutshell, the cultivation effect of reality-based TV program on fatalistic beliefs turns out quite stable even after controlling other competing genres.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.1701-1713
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• 1993

This paper proposes a simple and highly effective RACMC(Real-time ATM Cell Monitoring and Control) algorithm and the resulting bandwidth gain effects art considered. RACMC algorithm performs usage parameter controls according to the monitoring informations of input data cells generated from the accepted connections and the controlling informations set by the M/P(Management Plane) for that connection. The results of monitoring and controlling actions for ATM data cells are transmitted to the M/P and the control parameters in lookup table are updated according to the condition of currently used bandwith. Therefore, the proposed algorithm can allocate network resource optimally and solve the several tantalizing problems that the existing cell control algorithm have, that is, the difficulty in controlling as monitoring very bursty traffics, unavoidable processing delay, and limited input buffer size when implemented. By the performance analysis using computer simulation, RACMC algorithm proves to be very effective especially in ATM network as implemented simply.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.374-378
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• 2012

In an effort to overcome the problems which arise when fabricating high-aspect-ratio TSV(through silicon via), we performed experiments involving the void-free Cu filling of a TSV(10~20 ${\mu}m$ in diameter with an aspect ratio of 5~7) by controlling the plating DC current density and the additive SPS concentration. Initially, the copper deposit growth mode in and around the trench and the TSV was estimated by the change in the plating DC current density. According to the variation of the plating current density, the deposition rate during Cu electroplating differed at the top and the bottom of the trench. Specifically, at a current density 2.5 mA/$cm^2$, the deposition rate in the corner of the trench was lower than that at the top and on the bottom sides. From this result, we confirmed that a plating current density 2.5 mA/$cm^2$ is very useful for void-free Cu filling of a TSV. In order to reduce the plating time, we attempted TSV Cu filling by controlling the accelerator SPS concentration at a plating current density of 2.5 mA/$cm^2$. A TSV with a diameter 10 ${\mu}m$ and an aspect ratio of 7 was filled completely with Cu plating material in 90 min at a current density 2.5 mA/$cm^2$ with an addition of SPS at 50 mg/L. Finally, we found that TSV can be filled rapidly with plated Cu without voids by controlling the SPS concentration at the optimized plating current density.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.83-94
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• 2019

Passive negative stiffness dampers (NSDs) that possess superior energy dissipation abilities, have been proved to be more efficient than commonly adopted passive viscous dampers in controlling stay cable vibrations. Recently, inertial mass dampers (IMDs) have attracted extensive attentions since their properties are similar to NSDs. It has been theoretically predicted that superior supplemental damping can be generated for a taut cable with an IMD. This paper aims to theoretically investigate the impact of the cable sag on the efficiency of an IMD in controlling stay cable vibrations, and experimentally validate superior vibration mitigation performance of the IMD. Both the numerical and asymptotic solutions were obtained for an inclined sag cable with an IMD installed close to the cable end. Based on the asymptotic solution, the cable attainable maximum modal damping ratio and the corresponding optimal damping coefficient of the IMD were derived for a given inertial mass. An electromagnetic IMD (EIMD) with adjustable inertial mass was developed to investigate the effects of inertial mass and cable sag on the vibration mitigation performance of two model cables with different sags through series of first modal free vibration tests. The results show that the sag generally reduces the attainable first modal damping ratio of the cable with a passive viscous damper, while tends to increase the cable maximum attainable modal damping ratio provided by the IMD. The cable sag also decreases the optimum damping coefficient of the IMD when the inertial mass is less than its optimal value. The theoretically predicted first modal damping ratio of the cable with an IMD, taking into account the sag generally, agrees well with that identified from experimental results, while it will be significantly overestimated with a taut-cable model, especially for the cable with large sag.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.43-55
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• 2020

The study was performed in order to derive the management methods of revegetation space on embankment upper in the shoulder of expressway. The pilot study was conducted in 2013 on the test road section of the Jungbu Inland Expressway (Smart Highway) and continues to be monitored until 2020. In the test, three commonly used methods for weed control were applied. In the early two to three years, most of the methods were effective in controlling weeds. However, at the end of six years, weed suppression effects were different for each treatment. Vegetation coverage was 90% in the untreated control, 70-80% wood chip mulching method, 50-60% solidification method, and 20% sheet mulching method. The sheet method was found to be the most effective given the low vegetation coverage was effective in controlling weeds. The wood chip mulching method is promoting weed growth over time, and weeds are invading as the effect of soil hardening is reduced in the place where the soil hardener is treated. Among the methods applied in the test, mulching the sheet is the most effective, but it is important to use a durable sheet. In the future, it is necessary to find ways to control weeds on road shoulders, considering both economic and environmental aspects. For the proper management in the shoulder of expressway set target zone is needed. Clear standards for weed control on expressway should be established. And the technology to be applied must be durable for 3 years or more and must be able to suppress the amount of weeds to a level of 20% or less.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.02a
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• pp.335-339
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to propose a new Haptic Dial System (HDS) for Virtual Prototyping by developing upgraded systems and various Haptic effects. The Haptic Effect Design (HED) which gives users sensations like handling actual products has a function of controlling loudness by force and changing Haptic effects on GUI windows in real-time. In addition, the HED has another function of editing intervals to express Haptic effects as graphical force and notch on windows. Many kind of dial knob can be attached and removed easily for testing the performance of actual product designs. The HDS can be remotecontrolled through giving and taking the information between motor part and GUI part with TCP communication. The HDS can be applied to the output devices of Haptic effects as well as input-interfaces.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.13-24
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• 2012

This study attempts to examine the effect of family friendly work policies on the work-family balance of employed married women with young children. While previous research has investigated the effects of family friendly work policies, the effects has often been confounded with the effects of other covariates such as worker's and workplace's characteristics. In this study, we try to distinguish the effects of the family friendly work policies from those of other covariates. We draw a sample of 131 employed married women with children under age 12 from the $2^{nd}$ National Korean Family Survey. We compare the level of work-famiy balance of the women by the type of workplace: public sector, large enterprise, medium enterprise, and small enterprise. The results of this study show that some of the differences in the work-family balance of the women working in the different type of workplace can be attributed to socio-demographic background of the women and the work characteristics of workplace. There is, however, an effect of family friendly policies on the work-family balance between those who work in public sector and in medium enterprise after controlling the effects of the covariates.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2007.03a
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• pp.540-553
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• 2007

Strategic management of changes is very significant for all types of construction projects. Project management teams must have the ability to respond to changes effectively in order to minimize their adverse impact on the project. The study focuses on the causes, their frequent effects and effective controls for changes in educational building projects. To achieve the study objectives, a questionnaire survey was carried out to collect relevant information. Through the literature review, 53 causes, 16 effects and 30 potential controls for change orders were identified. These provided the basis for the formulation of the questionnaire. Responses from 92 professionals who were involved in the educational projects in Singapore were analyzed. They included 28 developers, 33 consultants and 31 contractors. From the survey findings, the most important causes of changes were identified. The study revealed the most frequent effects and most effective controls for each cause of change order. Arising therefrom, a comprehensive tabulation of the 53 causes and their frequent effects and effective controls was also developed. A timeline for implementing the controls was developed through in-depth interviews with the professionals. The study would assist building professionals in taking proactive measures for reducing change orders for educational buildings; furthermore, the timeline would also be helpful for them to implement controlling strategies at the appropriate time. Recommendations were suggested based on the research findings.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.25-28
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• 2004

The kinetics of the loss of leaf fresh weight during incubation of barley and rice leaves in 9% or 15% NaCl solutions were biphasic, indicating the existence of a controlling mechanism for water transport. The first rapid phases reached their plateaus within 1 and 2 h in the case of rice and barley leaves, respectively. When barley leaves were fed with sodium fluoride, an inhibitor of phosphatase inhibitor, through their epicotyls for 3 h in darkness, prior to the treatment of NaCl, the biphasic pattern shown during NaCl treatment was disappeared resulting in linear decreases in the relative fresh weights. The results suggest that NaF accelerates salt-induced water efflux from plant cells, possibly by inhibiting the protection mechanism that may act in NaF-untreated leaves. The linear water loss can be explained in terms of phosphorylation of aquaporin by blocking its dephosphorylation in the presence of the phosphatase inhibitor to keep aquaporin in a phosphorylated form. However, the effect of NaF shown in barley leaves were not observed in rice. These results suggest that the regulation of water transport depends on plant species, and the mechanism for the controlling water transport in rice is different from that of barley.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.134-137
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• 2000

Spontaneous bursting activity was studied in rat thalamocortical slices using extracellular field potential recording to test the potential utilization of ginsenoside Rb$_1$ in controlling overactivated neural systems. In order to induce bursting activity, slices were perfused with Mg$\^$2+/-free artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF). Two major types of spontaneous bursting activity, simple thalamocortical burst complexes (sTBCs) and complex thalamocortical burst complexes (cTBCs), were recorded in Mg$\^$2+/ -free ACSF. Ginsenoside Rb$_1$ selectively suppressed cTBCs. Duration and occurrence rate of cTBCs were reduced by 87.3${\pm}$10.2% and 85.3${\pm}$ 14.7% in the presence of 90 ${\mu}$M ginsenoside Rb$_1$ respectively, while amplitude and intraburst frequency were slightly changed by ginsenoside Rb$_1$. In contrast, ginsenoside Rb$_1$was much less effective in reducing duration and occurrence rate of sTBCs. We also tested effects of ginsenoside Rb$_1$ on bursting activity in the presence of a GABA$\sub$A/ receptor antagonist, bicuculline methiodide (BMI). Ginsenoside Rb$_1$ had no effect in suppressing BMI-induced bursting activities. These results suggest that ginsenoside Rbi may be useful in controlling seizure-like bursting activity under pathological conditions.