• 한국석유지질학회지
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• 제5권1_2호
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• pp.36-47
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• 1997

본 연구에서는 기존 Exxon group의 순차층서 모델이 갖고 있는 적용의 한계성을 극복하기 위하여 다중변수 순차층서 모델을 제시하였다. 이 모델에서는 2~3차수의 주기성을 갖고 변화되는 범세계적 해수면 변동, 지구조운동, 퇴적물 공급 등의 영향요소를 모두 변수로 간주하며, 이들 요소에 의해 순차층의 내부구성과 경계면 타입이 결정된다. 순차층을 구성하는 기본 단위로 해석적 층서단위인 퇴적계 연합체(systems tract)대신, 내부 지층의 집적형태에 의해 구분되는 기술적 층서단위인 부순차층세트(parasequence set)를 채택하였으며, 부순차층세트의 타입은 상대적 해수면 변동과 퇴적물 공급속도의 변화를 반영한다. 따라서 본 순차층서 모델은, 네 가지 타입의 상대적 해수면 변동과 세 등급의 퇴적물 공급 변화 사이의 조합으로써 예상되는 단일 또는 $2{\~}4$개의 부순차층세트로 구성된 7가지 타입의 순차층을 보여준다. 다중변수 순차층서 모델을 울릉분지 남서부 대륙주변부에 적용한 결과, 순차층의 타입은 울릉분지의 형성과 닫힘에 따른 3단계의 분지주변부 지구조 운동의 변화를 잘 반영한다. 즉, 순차층을 구성하는 부순차층세트 조합의 변화와 울릉분지 지구조 운동의 타입과 속도가 시기적으로 일치 한다. 해저면의 급격한 침강을 동반한 울릉분지의 후열도 열개 동안에는 분지의 급격 한 침강으로 인해 상대적 인 해수면은 지속적으로 상승되었고, 많은 양의 퇴적물이 공급되어 1개의 부순차층세트로 구성된 순차층이 형성되었다. 이후, 압축성 변형을 동반한 울릉분지의 닫힘 동안에는, 분지 침강이 느려지고 국지적으로 융기가 일어나 하강 또는 상승우세의 상대적 해수면 변동이 야기되었고, 또한 지구조적 요인에 의해 통제되는 퇴적물 집적속도의 지역적인 차이로 인하여 변형대와 비변형대에서 상이한 순차층이 형성되었다. 분지 닫힘단계 이후에는 다시 해저면이 전반적으로 침강되면서, 상승이 우세한 상대적 해수면 변동과 보통 또는 빠른 퇴적물 집적속도가 결합하여 2-3개의 부순차층세트로 구성된 순차층을 형성하였다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.217-227
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• 1993

치아이동시 생역학을 고려한 frictionless system이 공간폐쇄를 위해 이상적이지만, 이는 숙달된 wire bending이 필요하며 잘못 계산된 교정장치를 사용하였을때 부작용이 매우 클 수 있다. 최근 Straight Wire Appliance가 도입 됨에 따라 복잡한 wire bending없이 "Elastic tie back"을 이용한 공간폐쇄가 가능하지만 alignment와 leveling을 위한 치료기간이 길고 friction과 binding으로 인해 이상적인 교정력을 적용시키는데 어려움이 있다. 그러나 교정환자 수가 많아지고 짧은 치료 기간이 요구되어지는 요즈음에 선택적으로 "Elastic tie back"을 이용하는 공간폐쇄는 부작용을 최소화 하면서 손쉽게 이용할 수 있는 교정장치라고 사료된다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.203-244
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• 1998

The human mandible is always under the condition of loading by the various forces extorted by the attached muscles. The loading is an important condition of the stomatognathic system. This condition is composed of the direction and amount of forces of the masticatory muscles, which are controlled by the neuromuscular system, and always influenced by the movement of both opening and closing. Mandible is a strong foundation for the teeth or various prostheses, nevetheless it is a elastic body which accompanies deformation by the external forces on it. The elastic properties of the mandible is influenced by the various procedures such as conventional restorative treatments, osseointegrated implant treatments, reconstructive surgical procedures and so forth. Among the treatments the osseointegrated implant has no periodontal ligaments, which exist around the natural teeth to allow physiologic mobility in the alveolar socket. And so around the osseointegrated implant, there is almost no damping effect during the transmission of occlusal stress and displacements. If the osseointegrated implants are connected by the superstructure for the stabilization and effective distribution of occlusal stresses, the elastic properties of mandible is restricted according to the extent of 'splinting' by the superstructure and implants. To investigate the change of elastic behaviour of the mandible which has osseointegrated implant prosthesis of various numbers of implant installment and span of superstructre, a three dimensional finite element model was developed and analyzed with conditions mentioned above. The conclusions are as follows : 1. The displacements are primarily developed at the area of muscle attachment and distributed all around the mandible according to the various properties of bone. 2. The segmentation in the superstructure has few influence on the distribution of stress and displacement. 3. In the load case of ICP, the concentration of tensional stress was observed at the anterior portion of the ramus($9.22E+6N/m^2$) and at the lingual portion of the symphysis menti($8.36E+6N/m^2$). 4. In the load case of INC, the concentration of tensional stress was observed at the anterior portion of the ramus($9.90E+6N/m^2$) and the concentration of tensional stress was observed at the lingual portion of the symphysis menti($2.38E+6N/m^2$)). 5. In the load case of UTCP, the relatively high concentration of tensional stress($3.66E+7N/m^2$) was observed at the internal surface of the condylar neck.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.674-684
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• 1991

The surgical treatment of tetralogy of Fallot [TOF] was initiated by Blalock and Taussig in 1945 with the establishment of the subclavian artery to pulmonary artery anastomosis. In an imaginative and daring effort, in 1954, Lillehei and collaborators [1955] using controlled cross-circulation, carried out the first intracardiac repair of TOF by closing the ventricular septal defect [VSD] and relieving the pulmonary stenosis under direct vision. Nowadays, total correction is the ideal operation for treatment of TOF and is accomplished with extracorporeal circulation. And the results of surgery for TOF have steadily improved over the years, thanks to important contributions of many surgeons. Nevertheless because of its protean physiologic and anatomic presentation, TOF continues to offer challenges to cardiologist and cardiac surgeons. Thirty two cases of TOF have undergone total corrective surgery using extracorporeal circulation in the Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Pusan Paik Hospital, Inje University, from Oct. 1985 to Feb. 1990. Clinical considerations were applied to these cases and the results were obtained as follows. 1. The heart lung machine used for extracorporeal circulation was SarnsO 7000, 5-head roller pump, and the number and type of oxygenators were 10 of bubble type and 22 of membrane type. The mean bypass time was 148.9 minutes and the mean aortic cross clamp time was 123.8 minutes. The GIK [glucose-insulin-potassium] solution was used as cardioplegic solution for myocardial protection during operation. 2. 20 cases were male and 12 were female, the mean age was 8 years old and the mean body weight was 25Kg. 3. The preoperative symptoms were cyanosis [29 cases], squatting [27 cases] and etc. The mean values of preoperative Hb., Hct., and SaO2 were 16.5 gm /dl, 50.3%, and 78.5%. 4. Combined anomalies were noticed in 16 cases [50%]. Among them 10 cases were PFO and 6 cases were ASD. 5. The degree of aorta overriding were 25% in 5 cases, 25 ~ 50% in 22 cases and above 50% in 5 cases. The dPA/Ao [ratio of diameter of pulmonary artery trunk to ascending aorta] were below 25% in 5 cases, 25 ~ 50% in 10 cases, 50 ~ 70% in 6 cases and above 75% in 11 cases. 6. The types of RVOT [right ventricular outflow tract] stenosis were valvular and infundibular in 14 cases [43.6%], diffuse hypoplastic type in 12 cases [37.5%], infundibular in 5 cases, and valvular and supravalvular in 1 case. 7. One stage radical corrective surgery was applied to the all cases. In widening of the RVOT, 3 types of patches were used: MVOP [monocusp ventricular outflow patch, Polystan BioprosthesesO] in 3 cases, knitted Dacron vessel patches in 2 cases, and double layer with bovine pericardium and woven Dacron prosthesis in 26 cases. 8. Postoperative complications were occurred in 15 cases. Among them, low output syndrome were occurred in 10 cases [31.3%] and 2 of them were expired postoperatively.

• 지질공학
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.467-482
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• 2022

The Yeonghae basin is located at the northeastern part of the Yangsan fault (YSF; a potentially active fault). The study of the architecture of the Yeonghae basin is important to understand the activity of the Yangsan fault system (YSFS) as well as the basin formation mechanism and the activity of the YSFS. For this study, Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was used to highlight the marginal faults, and structural fieldwork was performed to understand the geometry of the intra-basinal structures and the nature of the bounding faults. DEM analysis reveals that the eastern margin is bounded by the northern extension of the YSF whereas the western margin is bounded by two curvilinear sub-parallel faults; Baekseokri fault (BSF) and Gakri fault (GF). The field data indicate that the YSF is striking in the N-S direction, steeply dipping to the east, and experienced both sinistral and dextral strike-slip movements. Both the BSF and GF are characterized dominantly by an oblique right-lateral strike-slip movement. The stress indicators show that the maximum horizontal compressional stress was in NNE to NE and NNW-SSE, which is consistent with right-lateral and left-lateral movements of the YSFS, respectively. The plotted structural data show that the NE-SW is the predominant direction of the structural elements. This indicates that the basin and marginal faults are mainly controlled by the right-lateral strike-slip movements of the YSFS. Based on the structural architecture of the Yeonghae basin, the study area represents a contractional zone rather than an extensional zone in the present time. We proposed two models to explain the opening and developing mechanism of the Yeonghae basin. The first model is that the basin developed as an extensional pull-apart basin during the left-lateral movement of the YSF, which has been reactivated by tectonic inversion. In the second model, the basin was developed as an extensional zone at a dilational quadrant of an old tip zone of the northern segment of the YSF during the right-lateral movement stage. Later on, the basin has undergone a shortening stage due to the closing of the East Sea. The second model is supported by the major trend of the collected structural data, indicating predominant right-lateral movement. This study enables us to classify the Yeonghae basin as an inverted strike-slip basin. Moreover, two opposite strike-slip movement senses along the eastern marginal fault indicate multiple deformation stages along the Yangsan fault system developed along the eastern margin of the Korean peninsula.

• 한국포장학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.119-123
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• 2013

기체확산 튜브를 부착한 신선 농산물 용기에서 적정 변형기체(modified atmosphere, MA)를 형성하기 위하여 산소 농도에 따라 실시간적으로 반응하여 튜브 개폐가 이루어지는 제어 logic을 개발하고 그 유효성을 검증하였다. 본 연구는 이전의 연구에서 이루어진 $O_2$ 및 $CO_2$ 센서 모두를 이용하여 제어하는 logic의 단순화를 시도한 것으로 7~10%의 $O_2$, 5~10%의 $CO_2$ 농도를 적정 MA로 갖는 시금치를 담은 용기 시스템에 대해서 $10^{\circ}C$에서 실험적으로 개발된 제어 logic의 효과를 검증하였다. $[O_2]+[CO_2]$=21%의 가정된 관계에 기반하여 $O_2$ 농도 제어점을 $CO_2$ 농도 허용 상한값(10%)에 상당하는 11%로 설정하여 제어한 결과 $CO_2$ 농도가 허용상한치 10% 바로 이하에 머무는 것으로 확인되었다. $O_2$ 농도 제어점은 품목의 $O_2/CO_2$의 MA 요구도에 따라 $O_2$ 하한값 자체 혹은 조정된 하한값으로 둘 수 있다. 산소 센서만을 사용한 개발 제어 logic은 11%의 평형 $O_2$ 농도와 8~9%의 $CO_2$ 농도를 유지하였고, 이는 $O_2$ 및 $CO_2$ 센서 모두를 사용한 제어의 조건에서 9~10%의 평형 $O_2$ 농도와 10%의 $CO_2$ 농도를 유지한 것과 비슷하였다. 그리고 확산튜브를 부착한 두 가지의 MA 용기에서 보관된 시금치의 품질은 차이가 없이 통기성 대조구에 비하여 우수하였다.