• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.67-77
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• 2020

Canine infectious respiratory disease (CIRD), also known as infectious tracheobronchitis or kennel cough occurs in a multiple-dog environment such as a shelter. In this study, we were collected 300 of nasal swab samples from dogs and 145 of environmental samples from a shelter to investigate respiratory pathogens of dogs in the Gwangju metropolitan city animal shelter from February to October, 2019. Bacteria cultures for isolation of Bordetella (B.) bronchiseptica and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests were performed for detection of eleven canine respiratory pathogens, namely Mycoplasma (M.) cynos, canine distemper virus (CDV), canine influenza virus (CIV), canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV), canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV), alpha-coronavirus (CCoV), canine pneumovirus (CnPnV), canine hepacivirus (CHeV), canine adenovirus type 2 (CAdV-2), canine herpesvirus-1 (CHV-1) and canine bocavirus (CBoV). Among 300 nasal swab samples, 148 samples (49.3%) were positive for at least one pathogens. CHV-1 was the most common pathogen, found in 95/300 (31.7%) samples. Subsequently, M. cynos (22.0%), B. bronchiseptica (2.3%), CPIV (2.0%), CBoV (1.7%), CCoV (0.7%) were detected. The detection rates of M. cynos and CHV-1 according to the duration of stay in the shelter were statistically significant. Among environmental samples, M. cynos, CCoV, CBoV and CHV-1 were detected in 45/145 (31.0%). These results indicated the need for disease control and prevention systems in the shelter.

• 한국양봉학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.283-295
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• 2018

As Sacbrood virus (SBV), a causative agent of larval death and colony collapse in Apis cerana honey bee, is prevalent and poses one of the most significant threats to the Korean apiculture, development of methods to counter this viral disease is urgently needed. In this study we tested some SBV controlling methods, such as requeen, shook swam, adding Apis mellifera and spraying yogurt to SBV inoculated colony. Colony size measured by number of sealed brood and adult were evaluated every 15 days until two months while instances of recurrence were recorded up to five months after applying treatment methods. We also test the effects of yogurt on healthy and SBV-infected larvae at both in vitro reared larvae and colony level. Our result showed that all SBV controlling methods had similar success rates with respect to elimination of SBV clinical symptom up to 30 days post treatment. Mix-species and spraying yogurt method had similar pattern of sealed brood and adult number and higher than that of other SBV controlling methods up to 45 days post treatment. These two groups also showed the lower percentage of SBV recurrence (50% and 66.7%) at 120 days post treatment than other group that mostly colony had clinical symptom. Result on in vitro reared larvae challenged with yogurt showed that yogurt have neither harmless on healthy larvae nor remedial effect on SBV infected larvae. However, at colony level, colony in group received yogurt treatment removed significantly more SBV-infected larvae, SBV-killed larvae, and even healthy larvae in comparison to the control, suggested that yogurt could trigger the hygienic behavior of nurse bee. Our results recommended that it is practical in beekeeping by adding A. mellifera and spraying yogurt to control SBV in A. cerana colony.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2015

Objectives: The seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) among high-risk groups overseas is high, but studies in these groups are rare in South Korea. We conducted the present study from April to November 2012 to obtain data on the seroprevalence and associated risk factors for HEV among slaughterhouse workers in South Korea. Methods: Slaughterhouse workers from 80 workplaces nationwide were surveyed in South Korea in 2012. The subjects comprised 1848 cases: 1434 slaughter workers and 414 residual products handlers. By visiting 80 slaughterhouses, which were mixed with 75 of which also performed residual products handling, we conducted a questionnaire survey for risk factors and obtained blood samples in order to determine the seropositivity and seroprevalence of HEV. Anti-HEV IgG and IgM were measured using HEV IgG and IgM enzyme-linked immunospecific assay kits and HEV antigen was measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: The seropositivity of anti-HEV IgG was 33.5% (slaughter workers 32.8% and residual products handlers 36.2%), and among the seropositive individuals the seroprevalence of anti-HEV IgM was 0.5% (slaughter workers 0.5%, residual products handlers 0.7%). The response rate of HEV-antigen as measured by RT-PCR was 0.2%. Risk factors significantly related to anti-HEV IgG seropositivity were age, sex, and working duration (slaughter workers only). Conclusions: There were significant risk factors (sex, age, and working duration) for HEV identified in our study. All three positive cases for HEV-antigen by RT-PCR were related to pig slaughter but without statistical significance. To prevent HEV, an educational program and working guidelines may be needed for high risk groups.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.297-305
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• 2014

Animals and disease frequency of the rescued dogs were investigated in Incheon Veterinary Medical Association Animal Shelter from January in 2012 to December in 2013. Three zoonoses (rabies, brucellosis, and dirofilariosis) and three infectious diseases (canine distemper, canine parvoviral enteritis, and canine influenza) were examined for stray dogs. Among 5,603 heads, 647 (11.5%) went back to their owner and 969 (17.3%) were adopted to new families. Prevalence of dirofilariosis, canine distemper and canine parvoviral enteritis were 2.2% (16/718), 6.0% (24/399) and 6.1% (24/396), respectively. Positive antibody rates against rabies, B. canis and canine influenza virus were 20.5% (41/200), 0.1% (1/718) and 2.0% (4/200), respectively. Protective antibody for canine distemper virus and canine parvovirus were shown in 47.0% (94/200). The data indicate that control measures including facility standards and disease control program are one of the important aspects of the shelter management because stray dogs are exposed to various infectious agents.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.251-264
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• 2021

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) are the main viral contributors to bovine respiratory disease (BRD) with high mortality and morbidity. BRD control measures include vaccination that modulates immunological profiles reflected in blood cells, serum, and body secretions, such as milk. This study evaluated the immune responses to an inactivated BRD vaccine in lactating cows reared in a natural environment on a dairy farm. The cows were intramuscularly inoculated with the vaccine, and serum, blood, and milk were collected pre-and post-vaccination. Our study revealed a prominent increase in BRSV-specific antibodies both in serum and milk, while the change in BVDV-specific antibodies was insignificant. Serum interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 levels significantly decreased, but this change was not reflected in milk. Evaluation of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) via RT-qPCR revealed downregulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2). The concentrations of BRSV antibodies, BVDV antibodies, IL-2, and IL-17A in serum and milk were strongly correlated, implying a concurrent influence on both body fluids. Thus, immunological factors modulated as a result of vaccination generally measured in serum were reflected in milk, demonstrating the suitability of milk evaluation as an alternative approach for immunological observations. Furthermore, the correlation between BRSV antibodies and NOD2 and that between BVDV antibodies and toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, TLR3, TLR4, and TLR5 imply the possible role of PRRs for the assessment of the immune response developed in immunized cows reared on the farm.

• 식물병연구
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.36-44
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• 2013

카네이션은 세계 3대 절화용 화훼작물의 하나로, 농가 생산액 210억 원에 이르는 주요작물이다. 이들은 절화, 종자, 묘 및 삽수의 4 품목으로 수출입 되고 있다. 카네이션과 같은 영양번식성 작물의 경우, 증식하는 과정 중에 바이러스의 확산과 전파가 용이한데, 우리나라에서는 카네이션괴저바이러스(CNFV)와 카네이션둥근반점바이러스(CRSV)를 식물검역 바이러스로 지정하여 수입검사를 수행하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 CNFV와 CRSV를 신속, 정밀하고 쉽게 진단할 수 있는 특이적인 프라이머를 고안하였으며, 높은 검출 감도를 가지는 nested 프라이머 조합을 개발하였다. CNFV를 검사하기 위해 최종 선발된 특이적인 프라이머는 2 세트로 288과 447 bp를, CRSV를 검사하기 위해 최종 선발된 특이적인 프라이머는 2 세트로 503과 549 bp를 증폭하였다. CNFV의 nested는 2 세트 모두 147 bp로 동일하며, CRSV는 각각 395와 347 bp의 밴드를 증폭하였다. 또한, 실험의 신뢰도를 높이기 위하여, 증폭산물에 염기서열 6개를 삽입한 플라스미드를 제작하여 양성대조구로 활용하였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 방법은, 향후 CNFV와 CRSV에 대한 신속, 정밀한 국경검역을 지원할 수 있을 것이라고 기대된다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.219-230
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• 2004

In recent years, the consumption of livestock products were markedly decreased by awareness of world-widely occurred diseases including mad cow disease, Foot and mouth disease, Hog cholera, and Poultry Influenza virus. the consumers ara also wanting to have highly safe food such as organic animal products because of concerning about residual of antibiotics in animal products. However, disease control and impairment of productivity are the major problem in organic animal production. On these points of view, the present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of 1% or 2% of dietary probiotics fortified with various minerals on improvement of egg production and egg quality in old lay6r feeding low quality feed mainly composed of food waste, sesame meal, and rice bran. After 4 weeks of experimental feeding, the diameter of spreading of egg white was clearly decreased from 11.2cm of control eggs to 10.5m and 10.1m in 1% and 2% treatment group eggs, respectively. The color of egg yolk was 9.3 in control eggs but remarkably increased in treatment groups showing 10.1~10.2. Egg production was 75.8% in control layers but significantly increased to 79.8% of 1% treatment group and 82.9% of 2% treatment group layers. Egg weights (C : 66.3g, 1% : 73.2g, and 2% : 76.7g) and egg shell thickness (C : 0.33mm, 1% : 0.35mm and 2% : 0.36mm) were also increased by the addition of 1% or 2% of probiotics when compared to those of control group eggs. All together, it has been suggested that dietary addition of probiotics fortified with various minerals can improve the egg quality and egg production in layer's productivities by the recycling of organic waste resources such as food waste and agricultural by-products.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.29-32
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• 2020

As respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) is transmitted either via directly contact with an infected case or via indirectly contaminated fomites or skin, the major preventive measures are strict hand hygiene, early detection of transmitted sources, and rapid isolation of RSV patients. Especially early detection of hidden cases is the most critical control measure when an index case was notified in a postpartum center. The Guideline of Korea Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention defines potential contacts in an epidemiologic survey as admitted newborns, parents of index cases, center's workers, and visitors for 10 days before the first diagnosis day of index case. However, it needs to classify potential contacts in more detail in order to conduct a successful survey. Authors conducted to search related literatures and appraise the evidences. Firstly, potential contacts would be classified into RSV-related symptomatic contacts(SxC) and asymptomatic contacts. And then, mother, caring workers, and visitors of the index cases among asymptomatic contacts would be defined as the asymptomatic close contacts(ASCC). Finally, the rest would be defined as the asymptomatic regular contacts(ASRC). The defined test using reverse transcription-PCR is applied to SxC and ASCC, and decision of isolation or regular activities are made according to the results. The rapid antigen detection test kits are applied to ASRC. These suggestions might be helpful to detect hidden cases earlier and prevent a further infection.

• The Korean journal of internal medicine
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.513-523
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• 2024

Background/Aims: Since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, hospitals have implemented infection control measures to minimize the spread of the virus within facilities. This study aimed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on the incidence of healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) and common respiratory virus (cRV) infections in hematology units. Methods: This retrospective study included all patients hospitalized in Catholic Hematology Hospital between 2019 and 2020. Patients infected with vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE), carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE), Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), and cRV were analyzed. The incidence rate ratio (IRR) methods and interrupted time series analyses were performed to compare the incidence rates before and after the pandemic. Results: The incidence rates of CPE and VRE did not differ between the two periods. However, the incidence of CDI increased significantly (IRR: 1.41 [p = 0.002]) after the COVID-19 pandemic. The incidence of cRV infection decreased by 76% after the COVID-19 outbreak (IRR: 0.240 [p < 0.001]). The incidence of adenovirus, parainfluenza virus, and rhinovirus infection significantly decreased in the COVID-19 period (IRRs: 0.087 [p = 0.003], 0.031 [p < 0.001], and 0.149 [p < 0.001], respectively). Conclusions: The implementation of COVID-19 infection control measures reduced the incidence of cRV infection. However, CDI increased significantly and incidence rates of CPE and VRE remained unchanged in hematological patients after the pandemic. Infection control measures suitable for each type of HCAI, such as stringent hand washing for CDI and enough isolation capacities, should be implemented and maintained in future pandemics, especially in immunocompromised patients.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.293-301
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• 2020

Objectives: At the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, some countries imposed entry bans against Chinese visitors. We sought to identify the effects of border shutdowns on the spread of the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: We used the synthetic control method to measure the effects of entry bans against Chinese visitors on the cumulative number of confirmed cases using World Health Organization situation reports as the data source. The synthetic control method constructs a synthetic country that did not shut down its borders, but is similar in all other aspects. Results: Six countries that shut down their borders were evaluated. For Australia, the effects of the policy began to appear 4 days after implementation, and the number of COVID-19 cases dropped by 94.4%. The border shutdown policy took around 13.2 days to show positive effects and lowered COVID-19 cases by 91.7% on average by the end of February. Conclusions: The border shutdowns in early February significantly reduced the spread of the virus. Our findings are informative for future planning of public health policies.