• 한국농공학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.110-116
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• 2003

A catchment modelling system is the summation of the numerous hydrologic, hydraulic and other process models necessary to simulate the response of a catchment to a storm event. Differences between the recorded catchment response and that predicted by a catchment modelling system can arise from structural errors within the catchment modelling system, evaluation errors in the control parameters, or measurement errors in the recorded data being used to assess the reliability of the evaluation of the control parameters. Presented herein is an investigation of the potential measurement errors within the recorded information, which was considered to occur from instrument error in the ultra sonic flow monitor. This investigation was undertaken using three available rating curves at the Musgrave Avenue Stormwater System in Centennial Park, Sydney, developed by Abustan (1997), Water Board (1994), and using Manning's equation.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.1923-1930
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• 2004

This paper presents digital microflow controllers(DMFC), where a fluidic digital-to-analog converter(DAC) is used to achieve high-linearity, fine-level flow control for applications to precision biomedical dosing systems. The fluidic DAC, composed of binary-weighted flow resistance, controls the flow-rate based on the ratio of the flow resistance to achieve high-precision flow-rate control. The binary-weighted flow resistance has been specified by a serial or a parallel connection of an identical flow resistor to improve the linearity of the flow-rate control, thereby making the flow-resistance ratio insensitive to the size uncertainty in flow resistors due to micromachining errors. We have designed and fabricated three different types of 4-digit DMFC: Prototype S and P are composed of the serial and the parallel combinations of an identical flow resistor, while Prototype V is based on the width-varied flow resistors. In the experimental study, we perform a static test for DMFC at the forward and backward flow conditions as well as a dynamic tests at pulsating flow conditions. The fabricated DMFC shows the nonlinearity of 5.0% and the flow-rate levels of 16(2$^{N}$) for the digital control of 4(N) valves. Among the 4-digit DMFC fabricated with micromachining errors, Prototypes S and P show 27.2% and 27.6% of the flow-rate deviation measured from Prototype V, respectively; thus verifying that Prototypes S and P are less sensitive to the micromachining error than Prototype V.V.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.750-757
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• 1999

The protocol conformance testing is to check whether an implementation of a protocol conforms to its specification. And it is important to improve the interoperability of protocol and the efficiency of cost. In general, protocol is composed of the control flow representing observable behaviors and the data flow representing internally used variables. Until now, research for generation of test suite has been realized only consideration the control flow of protocol or separation control flow from data flow. Case of considering control flow, contents of test was simple and definite. Length of test was short. But it was of little application, and it didn't manage each kind errors in data flow. Therefore, we must generate test case that can manage control and data flow. So, anomaly of variable must be removed for efficient conformance testing. Therefore in this dissertation, we proposed algorithm which can remove anomaly of variable for efficient conformance testing. And it showed that anomaly of variable was got rid of applying this algorithm to real protocol.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.396-413
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• 2017

Dynamically checking the integrity of software at run-time is always a hot and difficult spot for trusted computing. Control-flow integrity is a basic and important safety property of software integrity. Many classic and emerging security attacks who introduce illegal control-flow to applications can cause unpredictable behaviors of computer-based systems. In this paper, we present a software-based approach to checking violation of control flow integrity at run-time. This paper proposes a high-performance and low-overhead software control flow checking solution, control flow checking at virtual edges (CFCVE). CFCVE assigns a unique signature to each basic block and then inserts a virtual vertex into each edge at compile time. This together with insertion of signature updating instructions and checking instructions into corresponding vertexes and virtual vertexes. Control flow faults can be detected by comparing the run-time signature with the saved one at compile time. Our experimental results show that CFCVE incurs only 10.61% performance overhead on average for several C benchmark programs and the average undetected error rate is only 9.29%. Compared with previous techniques, CFCVE has the characteristics of both high fault coverage and low memory and performance overhead.

• 대한임베디드공학회논문지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.225-234
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• 2018

Control flow errors are caused by the vulnerability of memory and result in system failure. Signature-based control flow monitoring is a representative method for alleviating the problem. The method commonly consists of two routines; one routine is signature update and the other is signature verification. However, in the existing signature-based control flow monitoring, monitoring target application is tightly combined with the monitoring code, and the operation of monitoring in a single thread is the basic model. This makes the signature-based monitoring method difficult to expect performance improvement that can be taken in multi-thread and multi-core environments. In this paper, we propose a new signature-based control flow monitoring model that separates signature update and signature verification in thread level. The signature update is combined with application thread and signature verification runs on a separate monitor thread. In the proposed model, the application thread and the monitor thread are separated from each other, so that we can expect a performance improvement that can be taken in a multi-core and multi-thread environment.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.373-376
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• 2008

Industrial Steam Turbine first stage shell pressure is related to throttle flow. Theoretically, first stage shell pressure could, therefore, be measured and used as an index of turbine throttle flow. However, accurate flow measurements show that this pressure is not a reliable index of the actual flow. Data analysis of steam turbinessubjected to ASME acceptance tests shows that the use of first stage shell pressure as an index of throttle flow produced errors as large as 9.6 %. The mean of the errors was +2.2% with a standard deviation of ${\pm}$2.8 %. Applications that require an accuratedetermination of turbine steam flow, such as turbine acceptance testing, should, therefore, not rely on this method. Therefore, First stage shell pressure measurement serves as a valid and economical indicator of turbine throttle flow in cases where a high degree of accuracy in throttle flow measurement is not required but repeatability is desired, such as for boiler control. Generally speaking, Steam turbine first stage shell pressure may also be a very useful monitor of turbine performance when used with certain other turbine measurements.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.1829-1846
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• 2021

Transient faults occur in computation units of a processor, which can cause control flow errors (CFEs) and compromise system reliability. The software-based methods perform illegal control flow detection by inserting redundant instructions and monitoring signature. However, the existing methods not only have drawbacks in terms of performance overhead, but also lack of configurability. We propose a configurable approach CCFCA for detecting CFEs. The configurability of CCFCA is implemented by analyzing the criticality of each region and tuning the detecting granularity. For critical regions, program blocks are divided according to space-time overhead and reliability constraints, so that protection intensity can be configured flexibly. For other regions, signature detection algorithms are only used in the first basic block and last basic block. This helps to improve the fault-tolerant efficiency of the CCFCA. At the same time, CCFCA also has the function of solving confusion and instruction self-detection. Our experimental results show that CCFCA incurs only 10.61% performance overhead on average for several C benchmark program and the average undetected error rate is only 9.29%. CCFCA has high error coverage and low overhead compared with similar algorithms. This helps to meet different cost requirements and reliability requirements.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제29권12권
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• pp.1615-1620
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• 2005

We present a novel flow-rate independent cell counter using a fixed control volume between double electrical sensing zones. The previous device based on the single electrical cell sensing in a given flow-rate requires an accurate fluid volume measurement or precision flow rate control. The present cell counter, however, offers the flow-rate independent method for the cell concentration measurement with counting cells in a fixed control volume of $22.9{\pm}0.98{\mu}{\ell}$. In the experimental study, using the RBC (Red Blood Cell), we have compared the measured RBC concentrations from the fabricated devices with those from Hemacytometer. The previous and present devices show the maximum errors of $20.3\%\;and\;16.1\%$, which are in the measurement error range of Hemacytometer (about $20\%$). The present device also shows the flow-rate independent performance at the constant flow-rates ($5{\mu}{\ell}/min$ and $10{\mu}{\ell}/min$) and the varying flow-rate (4, 2, and $4{\mu}{\ell}/min$). Therefore, we demonstrate that the present cell counter is a simple and automated method for the cell concentration measurement without requiring an accurate fluid measurement and precision flow-rate control.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.872-878
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• 2013

In industrial control systems, flow measurement is a very important issue. It is frequently needed to calculate how much total fluid or gas flows through a cross-section. Flow volume measurement tools use simple sampling or rectangle methods. Actually, flow volume measurement process is an integration process. For this reason, measurement systems using instantaneous sampling technique cause considerably high errors. In order to make more accurate flow measurement, numerical integration methods should be used. Literally, for numerical integration method, Rectangular, Trapezoidal, Simpson, Romberg and Gaussian Quadrature methods are suggested. Among these methods, trapezoidal rule method is quite easy to calculate and is notably more accurate and contains no restrictive conditions. Therefore, it is especially convenient for the portable flow volume measurement systems. In this study, the volume measurement of air which is flowing through a cross-section is achieved by using PLC ladder diagram. The measurements are done using two different approaches. Trapezoidal rule method is proposed to measure the flow sensor signal to minimize measurement errors due to the classical sampling method as a different approach. It is concluded that the trapezoidal rule method is more effective than the classical sampling.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제40권10호
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• pp.833-839
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 후향계단 유동장 모델링 및 복원오차를 분석한다. 유동장의 밀도를 POD(Proper Orthogonal Decomposition) 기법을 통해 공간모드와 시간모드로 추출하여 수학적으로 모델링한다. 모델링 오차를 정립하여 유동에너지와 오차 사이의 관계를 정리한다. 모델링 오차를 시간영역 뿐만 아니라 주파수 영역에서의 분석을 통하여 제어측면에서 오차의 한계를 규정한다.