• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.21 no.1 s.96
• /
• pp.72-78
• /
• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the antimicrobial and antioxidative effects of mycelium cultural extract from mushroom. Mushroom mycelium was grown in a defined synthetic liquid medium and citrus extracts, and the culture extracts were examined for antioxidant and antibacterial activity. Myceliums of Phellinus linteus, Cordyceps militaris, Coriolus versicolor, Sparassic crispa, Agaricus blazei, lnonotus obliquus, Lentinus edodes, Hericium erinacium, Gonoderma lucidium in 10% citrus extract supplemented medium and synthesis medium were incubated in a shaking incubator (120 rpm, $24{\sim}30^{\circ}C$ ) for $7{\sim}15$ days. The antimicrobial activity of the culture fluid of mushroom mycelium grown in submerged liquid culture was tested against 12 microorganisms which were fish pathogens and common bacterial species. The culture extracts showed high activity against Vibrio sp. and had poor effect on Streptocouus sp., S. parauberis, S. iniae. The culture extracts obtained from the synthetic medium showed $30{\sim}93%$ of the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenger activity, the culture extracts obtained from the citrus extracts medium exhibited antioxidant activity up to 55%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.15-20
• /
• 2006

The water and $40\%$ ethanol extracts from mulberry fruits were tested for their antimicrobial activities against Helicobacter pylori and antioxidant. Kangwon III (Morus albba L.) was higher phenolic content (2.90 mg/g) than other water extracts. The phenolic contents of $40\%$ ethanol extracts from Kangwon III and Hihak were 3.02 mg/g and 2.46 mg/g, respectively . The ABTS [2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfornic acid)] radical decolorization, electron donating ability (EDA), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and antioxidant protection factor (PF) were determined for water extracts and $40\%$ ethanol extracts from mulberry fruits. EDA was higher in water extracts than ethanol extract. EDA of water extract from Kangwon III was determined as $99.54\%$ while the activity of ethanol extracts was $89.61\%$ in Daechoukmyeun. The water extracts from Cheongilppong showed higher antioxidative activity than another mulberry fruits extract when evaluated by ABTS [2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiaznoline-6-sulfornic acid)] radical decolorization, TBARS and antioxidant PF by water extracts. Kangwon III was higher phenolic content (2.90 mg/g) than other that of water extracts. $40\%$ ethanol extracts were determined that phenolic contents of Kangwon III, Hihak were 3.02 mg/g, 2.46 mg/g for each other. Antimicrobial activity showed the high value in water extracts of Cheongilppong, Kuksang 20. The result will be useful nature microbial medicine for mulberry fruits.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.430-435
• /
• 2009

The effects of turmeric and fermented turmeric by Bacillus natto on antioxidant activities, liver function recovery of acute hepatotoxicity mice, and serum lipid parameters in high fat diet fed mice were investigated. In the results of antioxidant activity by DPPH method, fermented turmeric had higher antioxidative activity than turmeric. Acute hepatotoxicity was induced by 0.5 mL of carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$) per kg of mice. Unlike turmeric, fermented turmeric significantly reduced the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) after 5 days compared to the controls with 0.5% methyl cellulose (p<0.05). In addition, higher recovery of liver damage by $CCl_4$ was observed in mice with fermented turmeric than with turmeric. High fat (20%) diet fed mice were divided into 4 groups to investigate the effects of turmeric and fermented turmeric on serum lipid parameters: C (vehicle), TuL (low dose (80 mg/kg) with turmeric), TuH (high dose (160 mg/kg) with turmeric), FTuL (low dose with fermented turmeric), and FTuH (high dose with fermented turmeric). The levels of LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were significantly reduced and increased in FTuL, FTuH and TuH groups compared to the C group, respectively. However, there was no significant change in triglyceride levels by either turmeric or fermented turmeric compared to those by control. Collectively, these results strongly suggest that fermented turmeric by Bacillus natto could be used as a functional food for enhancement of health with better consumer acceptance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.409-414
• /
• 2009

The aim of this study was to investigate the ameliorating effects of deer antler extract on the learning and memory impairments induced by the administration of scopolamine (2 mg/kg, i.p.) in rats. Tacrine was used as a positive control agent for evaluating the cognition enhancing activity of deer antler extract in scopolamine-induced amnesia models. The results showed that the deer antler extract-treated group (200 mg/kg, p.o.) and the tacrine-treated group (10 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly ameliorated scopolamine-induced amnesia based on the Morris water maze test. Although there was no statistical significance of brain ACh contents among the experimental groups, the brain ACh contents of the deer antler extract-treated group was slightly higher than that of the scopolamine-treated group. The inhibitory effect of deer antler extract on the acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain was significantly lower than that of scopolamine-treated group. The tacrine- and the deer antler-treated groups reduced the MAO-B activity compared to the scopolamine-treated group, but not significantly. These results suggest that the deer antler extract could be an effective agent for the prevention of the cognitive impairment induced by cholinergic dysfunction.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.33-66
• /
• 2014

While the numbers of overseas travelers has been increased rapidly each year, the numbers of passengers in the aircraft also has continued to be increased gradually. In the mist of these increasing numbers, such accidents as threatening an aircraft safety like riot, aircraft hijacking and terrorism have happened constantly. In these circumstances, South Korean government has prescribed "Aviation on Security Act" in accordance with the Convention on International Civil Aviation and other international agreements. This act aims to prevent illegal activities and illegal items on the aircraft to ensure the safety and security of civil aviation. However, this act is not sufficiently regulating all the illegal crimes and illegal items on the flight. For the worse, there is a lack of effective supervisory capacity. Likewise, the inherent problems of the current laws relating to the prevention of the illegal items on the aircraft are appearing on the surface continually. Above all, illegal items on the aircraft are directly connected to the issue of aviation safety and security as well as a safe utilization of the flight service. Thus, when there occurs a serious accident on board, it surely would be led to a huge economic loss not mentioning the loss of lives following the accident. Therefore safety of the flight passengers cannot be guaranteed without ensuring the safety of aircraft facilities and good supervisory mechanism of illegal items on the aircraft. Accordingly, establishing a safe operation order tends to influence economy and tourism of a country in no small measure. Therefore, it is an urgent issue to settle down a reasonable and adequate supervisory regulations regarding the prevention of the illegal items on the aircraft. Consequently, in this article, I studied on a reasonal and effective mechanism to control the prevention of the illegal items and illegal acts on the aircraft in order to ensure a safety and security of civil aircraft.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.73-94
• /
• 2010

The attending system is a medical system that allows doctors in clinics to use the extra equipment in hospitals-beds, laboratory, operating room, etc-for their patient's care under a contract between the doctors and hospitals. Therefore, the system is very beneficial in terms of the efficiency of the usage of medical resources. However, it is necessary to develop a strong support system to strengthen its weaknesses and supplement its merits. If doctors use hospital beds under the attending system of hospitals, they would be able to check a patient's condition often and provide them with nursing care services. However, the current attending system lacks delivery and assistance support. Thus, for the successful performance of the attending system, a networking system should be developed to facilitate communication between the doctors and nurses. In particular, the nursing records in the attending system could help doctors monitor the patient's condition and provision of nursing care services. A nursing record is the formal documentation associated with nursing care. It is merely a data repository that helps nurses to track their activities; nursing records thus represent a resource of primary information that can be reused. In order to maximize their usefulness, nursing records have been introduced as part of computerized patient records. However, nursing records are internal data that are not disclosed by hospitals. Moreover, the lack of standardization of the record list makes it difficult to share nursing records. Under the attending system, nurses would want to minimize the amount of effort they have to put in for the maintenance of additional records. Hence, they would try to maintain the current level of nursing records in the form of record lists and record attributes, while doctors would require more detailed and real-time information about their patients in order to monitor their condition. Therefore, this study developed a system for assisting in the maintenance and sharing of the nursing records under the attending system. In contrast to previous research on the functionality of computer-based nursing records, we have emphasized the practical usefulness of nursing records from the viewpoint of the actual implementation of the attending system. We suggested that nurses could design a nursing record dictionary for their convenience, and that doctors and nurses could confirm the definitions that they looked up in the dictionary through negotiations with intelligent agents. Such an agent-based system could facilitate networking among medical institutes. Multi-agent systems are a widely accepted paradigm for the distribution and sharing of computation workloads in the scientific community. Agent-based systems have been developed with differences in functional cooperation, coordination, and negotiation. To increase such communication, a framework for a multi-agent based system is proposed in this study. The agent-based approach is useful for developing a system that promotes trade-offs between transactions involving multiple attributes. A brief summary of our contributions follows. First, we propose an efficient and accurate utility representation and acquisition mechanism based on a preference scale while minimizing user interactions with the agent. Trade-offs between various transaction attributes can also be easily computed. Second, by providing a multi-attribute negotiation framework based on the attribute utility evaluation mechanism, we allow both the doctors in charge and nurses to negotiate over various transaction attributes in the nursing record lists that are defined by the latter. Third, we have designed the architecture of the nursing record management server and a system of agents that provides support to the doctors and nurses with regard to the framework and mechanisms proposed above. A formal protocol has also been developed to create and control the communication required for negotiations. We verified the realization of the system by developing a web-based prototype. The system was implemented using ASP and IIS5.1.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.41 no.5
• /
• pp.621-629
• /
• 2012

This study investigated the effect of soybeans, $chungkukjang$, and $doenjang$ on blood glucose and serum lipid profile in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 205 g were divided into non-diabetic and diabetic groups. The diabetic groups were further subdivided into four experimental groups: a normal group (N), a diabetic control group (STZ-C), a diabetic group fed autoclaved soybean powder (STZ-S), a diabetic group fed $chungkukjang$ powder (STZ-CKJ) and a diabetic group fed $deonjang$ powder (STZ-DJ). Food and water intakes were higher in the diabetic groups than in the N group. The body weight gain and food efficiency ratios were higher in the STZ-S, STZ-CKJ, and STZ-DJ groups than in the STZ-C group, but created no significant changes between the diabetic groups on food intake and body weight gain. The whole blood level at 4 weeks of the STZ-CKJ group was significantly lower than the STZ-C group. Serum glucose levels of the STZ-S, STZ-CKJ, and STZ-DJ groups were significantly lower than the STZ-C group, but there was no significant change in serum insulin levels. The AST and ALP activities in serum were markedly higher in the STZ-C group, but these decreases in relation to diabetes increased in the STZ-S, STZ-CKJ, and STZ-DJ groups. The level of serum triglycerides was lower in the STZ-CKJ and STZ-DJ groups than in the STZ-C group, whereas level of serum HDL-cholesterol was higher in the STZ-CKJ and STZ-DJ groups. Levels of total serum and LDL-cholesterol were higher in the diabetic groups compared with the N group, but significantly decreased in the STZ-S, STZ-CKJ, and STZ-DJ groups compared to the STZ-C group. These results indicate that dietary supplements of soybean, $chungkukjang$ and $doenjang$ may improve blood glucose and lipid metabolism and help prevent or attenuate the progression of diabetes in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.43-49
• /
• 2012

In this study, we investigated the antibacterial activity and stability of a cream containing Hippophae rhamnoides leaf extract. The MIC values of ethyl acetate fraction from an H. rhamnoides leaf on Escherichia coli, Pityrosporum ovale, Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus were 0.5%, 0.25%, 0.25% and 0.06%, respectively. Stability evaluations, pH, viscosity and absorbance of the cream containing 0.25% ethyl acetate fraction of H. rhamnoides, were performed. The cream was measured under 4 different temperature conditions under sunlight at 2-week intervals for 12 weeks. The viscosity and pH were measured by a comparison of the experimental cream with a similar control cream. The H. rhamnoides extract was found to have contributed to the stability of the emulsion product via a protective effect in maintaining the viscosity of the cream against sunlight. The absorbance variations of the experimental cream at 270 nm were, under sunlight; $45^{\circ}C$, $37^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$, and $4^{\circ}C$. In addition, any change in color or smell was not observed through the 12 weeks of the experimental period. These results indicated that the cream containing 0.25% ethyl acetate fraction of H. rhamnoides leaf extract was stable. Accordingly, this suggests that further study is needed to provide additional information for manufacturers, who are seeking the application of the extract to improve anti-oxidant and antibacterial activities and the stability of cosmetic products.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.40 no.3
• /
• pp.237-242
• /
• 2012

In this study, the skin moisturing effect and stability of cream containing L. cuneata G. Don extract (ethyl acetate fraction) were evaluated. The skin hydrating effect of the cream containing extract was 1020% higher than the placebo cream, and the TWEL of the cream containing extracts was decreased to $7.7g/m^2h$ compared to the control ($10.2g/m^2$) and placebo cream ($8.9g/m^2$). The pH, viscosity, and absorbance were measured under the 4, 25, 37, $45^{\circ}C$ and the sun light during the 12 weeks. The pH change between cream containing extract and placebo cream did not show the significant difference under the 4, 25, 37, $45^{\circ}C$ except for the sun light. Both creams showed high decrease (about 59%) of viscosity at $45^{\circ}C$. However, there was no significant change under other conditions. The absorbance of the cream containing the extract and the placebo cream was decreased similarly at all conditions. This decrease in absorbance was relatively small compared to the decrease of absorbance of the extract in ethanol solution under the sun light (Fig. 7). In addition, any change in color or smell of the cream was not observed during the 12 weeks. Also physical changes as creaming and cohesion were not shown. These results indicate that the cream containing L. cuneata extract has the skin moisturizing effect and is relatively stable. Therefore, it is suggested that the ethyl acetate fraction of L. cuneata extract could be applicable to cosmetics as a new cosmetic material with its antioxidative and antibacterial activities reported previously.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.111-119
• /
• 2014

This study was carried out to investigate the quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of a functional drink prepared by mixed fermentation of oak mushroom extract and whey. As the ratio of oak mushroom extract increased, the pH value of the whey fermentative solution decreased proportionally, and the titratable acidity increased significantly. The number of lactic acid bacteria after 24 hours of culture was at a level of $10^{11}CFU/mL$ in all whey fermentative solutions containing oak mushroom extracts. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities after 24 hours of culture were higher in a fermentative solution containing oak mushroom extract than in the control. After 24 hours of culture, the nitric oxide production in whey fermentation solution by LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells was lower compared to that in whey fermentation solution with oak mushroom. Sensory evaluation revealed that, color, flavor, taste, and overall acceptability of the whey fermentation solution sample, which contained 1.0% oak mushroom extract, were much better than those of the other groups. Sensory evaluation of a whey drink containing oak mushroom flavor indicated that the whey drink containing 0.001% oak mushroom flavor was better than the other samples.