• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.437-444
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• 2016

Most methods for detecting arrhythmia require pp interval, diversity of P wave morphology, but it is difficult to detect the p wave signal because of various noise types. Therefore it is necessary to use noise-free R wave. In this paper, we propose algorithm for premature contraction arrhythmia classification through ECG pattern analysis and template threshold. For this purpose, we detected R wave through the preprocessing method using morphological filter, subtractive operation method. Also, we developed algorithm to classify premature contraction wave pattern using weighted average, premature ventricular contraction(PVC) and atrial premature contraction(APC) through template threshold for R wave amplitude. The performance of R wave detection, PVC classification is evaluated by using 6 record of MIT-BIH arrhythmia database that included over 30 PVC and APC. The achieved scores indicate the average of 99.77% in R wave detection and the rate of 94.91%, 95.76% in PVC and APC classification.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.377-381
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• 2012

The histidine-rich $Ca^{2+}$ binding protein (HRC) is a $Ca^{2+}$ binding protein in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). In this study, we examined whether the HRC is involved in the regulation of cardiac contraction and $Ca^{2+}$ signaling using HRC knock-out (KO) mouse ventricular myocytes. In field-stimulated single mouse ventricular myocytes, cell shortenings and $Ca^{2+}$ transients were measured using a video edge detection and a confocal $Ca^{2+}$ imaging, respectively. Compared with the wide-type (WT) myocytes, the magnitudes of cell shortenings were significantly larger in HRC KO cells (P<0.01, WT vs. KO). The rate of contraction and relaxation was significantly accelerated in HRC KO myocytes (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively, WT vs. KO). The magnitudes of $Ca^{2+}$ transients were increased by HRC KO (P<0.01, WT vs. KO). In addition, the decay of the $Ca^{2+}$ transient was faster in HRC KO cells than in wild-type cells P<0.01, WT vs. KO). These results suggest that HRC may suppress SR $Ca^{2+}$ releases and decay of $Ca^{2+}$ transients during action potentials, thereby attenuating ventricular contraction and relaxation.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.233-239
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• 2016

Objective: Uterine contraction induced by the embryo transfer (ET) process has an adverse effect on embryo implantation. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of oxytocin antagonist supplementation on the day of ET on in vitro fertilization outcomes via a meta-analysis. Methods: We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Four online databases (Embase, Medline, PubMed, and Cochrane Library) were searched through May 2015 for RCTs that investigated oxytocin antagonist supplementation on the day of ET. Studies were selected according to predefined inclusion criteria and meta-analyzed using RevMan 5.3. Only RCTs were included in this study. The main outcome measures were the clinical pregnancy rate, the implantation rate, and the miscarriage rate. Results: A total of 123 studies were reviewed and assessed for eligibility. Three RCTs, which included 1,020 patients, met the selection criteria. The implantation rate was significantly better in patients who underwent oxytocin antagonist infusion (19.8%) than in the control group (11.3%) (n = 681; odds ratio [OR], 1.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.25-2.96). No significant difference was found between the two groups in the clinical pregnancy rate (n = 1,020; OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 0.92-2.67) or the miscarriage rate (n = 456; OR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.44-1.33). Conclusion: The results of this meta-analysis of the currently available literature suggest that the administration of an oxytocin antagonist on the day of ET improves the implantation rate but not the clinical pregnancy rate or miscarriage rate. Additional, large-scale, prospective, randomized studies are necessary to confirm these findings.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.69-73
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• 1983

It was reported from our laboratory that the rate of deterioration of the force of contraction was slower in heart from Panax ginseng extract treated rats. Present investigation was designed to elucidate the mechanism of the slow deterioration of contractility of ginseng treated hearts. Therefore, $^{45}Ca^{2+}$ Uptake by sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) isolated from ginseng treated rate and control rats was studied. Rate weighing 150-250g were administered orally with ginseng ethanol extract (100mg/kg) for 10 days. Cardiac SR was isolated by differential centrifugation and $^{45}Ca^{2+}$ uptake was assessed by the Millipore method. Freshly isolated SR from treated as well as control animals did not show any differences, but after incubation for 30 and 60 min at 37.deg.C, $^{45}Ca^{2+}$ uptake of control animal SR was found to be greatly depressed. The SR of treated animal possessed a greater degree of resistance to incubation. Thus it can be concluded that ginseng may have an ability to sustain the normal function of the heart by sustaining Ca accumulation by SR involved with the excitationcontraction coupling processes.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.53-58
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• 2011

Purpose: This study aims to examine the effects of pulsed ultrasound on skin inflammatory reaction induced by ultraviolet irradiation. Methods: Twenty subjects were selected for this study. Inflammatory reaction was induced by ultraviolet irradiation in two areas of the lumbar region of the subjects. Pulsed ultrasound (3 MHz) was applied to one of the two areas of inflammatory reaction at a pulse ratio of 1:4, intensity of $0.5W/cm^2$, once a day for 5 min, and pulsed ultrasound was not applied to the other area. Wound color (chromatic red), luminance (gray) and wound contraction (area) were measured using digital imaging processing method. Results: There was a significant difference in wound color (chromatic red) in the interaction between time and area. There was a significant difference in luminance in the interaction between time and area. There was a significant difference in wound contraction between the two areas. Conclusion: These results indicate that pulsed ultrasound increased the wound contraction rate and reduced the inflammatory reaction activity such as erythema induced by ultraviolet irradiation.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.50 no.10
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• pp.703-710
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• 2012

The effects of the ordering reaction on high temperature mechanical behavior is investigated by tensile tests at $2{\times}10^{-2}/s-3.3{\times}10^{-5}/s$ up to $745^{\circ}C$. The tensile deformed region is examined by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), TEM, and high resolution neutron diffraction (HRPD). The results showed that a plateau of tensile strength appeared at $150-500^{\circ}C$ whereas the elongation minimum occurred at about $600^{\circ}C$. This suggests that the occurrence of a plateau does not cause the elongation minimum. The temperature of the elongation minimum decreases with the strain rate. HRPD results show a lattice contraction in the tensile deformed specimen at the temperature of the plateau occurring region. The plateau of tensile strength, the lattice contraction, and the occurrence of serration appeared in the same temperature region.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.145-153
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• 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Electromyography (EMG) of the upper limb during reaching tasks according to two heights in the sitting position. Design: Cross sectional design Methods: Fifteen hemiplegia, fifteen elderly, and fifteen healthy subjects have participated in this study. The targets (90% length of the subject's arm) were located at the two heights (the eye and xiphoid process). We have recorded EMG signals of seven upper limb muscles (anterior deltoid (AD), posterior deltoid (PD), pectoralis major (Pec), infraspinatus (Inf), supraspinatus (Sup), biceps brachii (Bi), triceps brachii (Tri)). The dependent variables were movement time(s), modulation ratio, working ratio, and the co-contraction ratio of the hemiplegia, elderly, and healthy at the reaching task. Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA (2-heights) was analyzed with the LSD post hoc test. Results: The study results were as follows: (1) The movement time to the target during reaching movement was significantly longer for the hemiplegia and elderly groups compared to the healthy group. (2) The modulation rate was significantly higher at eye height than the xiphoid height in AD, PD, Pec, Inf, Bi muscles, and the hemiplegia group and elderly group were significantly lower than the healthy group. Additionally, the modulation ratio showed a significant interaction between heights and groups. Conclusions: It is expected that the variables using the muscle contraction characteristics, the evaluation method of this study, can be used as an electromyography-based feedback method that can be objectively evaluated and quantified in clinical practice.

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.115-121
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• 1997

This study deals with the suppressing characteristics of alkali-silica reaction by ground granulated blast-furnace slag(GGBS) in NaCl solution. NaCl contents used in the experiment ranges over 0%, 2.8% and 20%. Reactive aggregate used is Japanese andesite. Also, three GGBSs of about 4.000. 6, 000 and $8, 000cm^2/g$ were used in the experiment. The replacement proportions of portland cement by GGBSs were 40%. 60%, 70% and 80%. respectively. The specimens with GGBS were severely contracted according to the increasing replacement ratio in NaCl solution. The contraction rate increases according to the increasing in NaCl content. Also. it does with increasing the blaine fineness of GGRS. It is concluded that the suppression of alkali-silica reaction by GGBS in NaCl solution is complished by contraction of GGBS due to chloride ion induced chemical shrinkage.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.254-260
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• 2007

Alstonia scholaris (Family: Apocynaceae) has been indicated for the treatment of various diseases, one among which is wound healing. The purpose of this study is to investigate the wound healing effect and antioxidant role of Alstonia scholaris leaves in animal models. The ethanol and aqueous extracts of Alstonia scholaris (EEAS, AEAS respectively) were tested against excision, incision and dead space wound models to evaluate the wound healing activity. In excision wound model, treatment was continued till the complete healing of wound, in incision and dead space wound models, the treatment was continued for 10 days. For topical application, 5% w/w ointment of EEAS and AEAS were prepared in 2% sodium alginate. For oral administration, EEAS was suspended in distilled water using Tween 80 and AEAS was dissolved in distilled water. The wound healing was assessed by the rate of wound contraction, period of epithelialisation, skin breaking strength, granulation strength, dry granulation tissue weight, hydroxyproline, collagen and histopathology of granulation tissue. Malondialdehyde level was also estimated to evaluate the extent of lipid peroxidation. AEAS and EEAS significantly promoted wound healing activity in all the wound models studied. Increase in the rate of wound contraction, skin breaking strength, granulation strength, dry granulation tissue weight, hydroxyproline and collagen, decrease in the period for epithelialisation and increased collagenation in histopathological section were observed with EEAS and AEAS treated groups. EEAS and AEAS also significantly decreased the levels of lipid peroxidation. The present study is suggestive that EEAS and AEAS promote wound healing activity.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.591-597
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• 2013

Because most existing non-Newtonian models are not suitable for application to the lattice Boltzmann method, theoretical and numerical studies in this regard remain challenging. In this study, the hydrokinetic (HK) model was modified and applied to a 3D sudden contraction-expansion channel flow, and the characteristics of the HK model flow were evaluated to generate non-trivial predictions in three-dimensional strong shear flows. The HK model is very efficient for application to the lattice Boltzmann method because it utilizes the shear rate and relaxation time. However, the simulation would be unstable in a high shear flow field because the local relaxation time sharply decreases with an increase in the shear rate in a strong shear flow field. In the HK model, it may become necessary to truncate the relaxation time and non-dimensional parameter to obtain stable numerical results.