• 대한건축학회논문집:구조계
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2018

G-SEED's evaluation of existing buildings is an important point because the energy consumption and CO2 emissions of existing buildings are continuously increasing due to the aging of buildings over time. However, as G-SEED certification is concentrated on new buildings and the standards are not yet available, we will make improvements to evaluate the existing buildings of G-SEED. In order to improve G-SEED for EB, two research procedures were carried out. First, LEED EBOM and LEED for NC compare and analyze evaluation items and methods, and LEED EBOM focuses on evaluation of existing buildings. Second, we analyzed the certification evaluation contents of eight domestic LEED EBOM accredited buildings and obtained items that can be applied or need to be applied when revising G-SEED for EB. LEED EBOM is focused on improving the performance and utilization of data that track and manage the energy and environmental effects of building operations. As a result of the case analysis, the evaluation of G-SEED for EB requires quantitative evaluation items such as environmental management of buildings, energy performance status of building, improvement plan and improvement of performance according to tracking value. Although G-SEED for EB is not structured yet and there are few cases of certification, it is expected that quantitative evaluation of existing buildings will be made through continuous research.

• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2021

Recently, a smart farm technology is drawing attention as an alternative to the decline of farm labor population problems due to the aging society. Especially, there is an increasing demand for automatic harvesting system that can be commercialized in the market. Pre-harvest crop detection is the most important issue for the harvesting robot system in a real-world environment. In this paper, we proposed a real-time tomato instance tracking algorithm by using deep learning and probability models. In general, It is hard to keep track of the same tomato instance between successive frames, because the tomato growing environment is disturbed by the change of lighting condition and a background clutter without a stochastic approach. Therefore, this work suggests that individual tomato object detection for each frame is conducted by YOLOv3 model, and the continuous instance tracking between frames is performed by Kalman filter and probability model. We have verified the performance of the proposed method, an experiment was shown a good result in real-world test data.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.88-98
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• 2021

In this study, the characteristics of digital anthropometric methods were determined with case studies. These methods were broadly classified into two categories: non-wearable and wearable. Then, these categories were further classified into four types: 3D Scanning, mobile app, smart clothing, and smart tool Among the non-wearable types, the "3D scanning" technique was based on the use of 3D hardware equipment. With this technique, the body shape was measured and the internal body information was obtained. Therefore, it is used in fields of healthcare and fitness. Among the wearable types, "Smart clothing" involves a special clothing that measures human body and a smartphone application. Both the components are linked to a fashion platform, which is based on the measured sizes that help shoppers. The "Smart tool" has the characteristic of measuring only with smart tools and smartphone applications; it does not involve the measurement of images. The common advantage of digital anthropometric methods are as follows: they reduce the time and cost of measurement by enabling self-measurement. Moreover, simple measurements are used to determine the size of anthropometry. Thereafter, it accumulates this data to track the continuous changes in size. From an industrial point of view, digital anthropometric technology should be used to increase sales. The on-demand market can be expanded as global consumers would throng the Korean fashion market. For the consumer, an avatar should be created to fit the user's size. This would provide a fun experience to the user.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.151-159
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• 2022

This study discusses a hypothetical method for tracking the propagation damage of Carbon Reinforced Fiber Plastic (CRFP) components underneath vibration fatigue. The High Cycle Fatigue (HCF) behavior of composite materials was generally not as severe as this of admixture alloys. Each fissure initiation in metal alloys may quickly lead to the opposite. The HCF behavior of composite materials is usually an extended state of continuous degradation between resin and fibers. The increase is that any layer-to-layer contact conditions during delamination opening will cause a dynamic complex response, which may be non-linear and dependent on temperature. Usually resulted from major deformations, it could be properly surveyed by a non-contact investigation system. Here, this article discusses the scanning laser application of that vibrometer to track the propagation damage of CRFP components underneath fatigue vibration loading. Thus, the study purpose is to demonstrate that the investigation method can implement systematically a series of hypothetical means and dynamic characteristics. The application of the relaxation method based on numerical simulation in the Artificial Intelligence (AI) Evolved Bat (EB) strategy to reduce the dynamic response is proved by numerical simulation. Thermal imaging cameras are also measurement parts of the chain and provide information in qualitative about the temperature location of the evolution and hot spots of damage.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제61권1호
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• pp.78-83
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• 2023

The use of an effective antimalarial drug is the cornerstone of malaria control. However, the development and spread of resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains have placed the global eradication of malaria in serious jeopardy. Molecular marker analysis constitutes the hallmark of the monitoring of Plasmodium drug-resistance. This study included 96 P. falciparum PCR-positive samples from southern Somalia. The P. falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter gene had high frequencies of K76T, A220S, Q271E, N326S, and R371I point mutations. The N86Y and Y184F mutant alleles of the P. falciparum multidrug resistance 1 gene were present in 84.7 and 62.4% of the isolates, respectively. No mutation was found in the P. falciparum Kelch-13 gene. This study revealed that chloroquine resistance markers are present at high frequencies, while the parasite remains sensitive to artemisinin (ART). The continuous monitoring of ART-resistant markers and in vitro susceptibility testing are strongly recommended to track resistant strains in real time.

• 공학논문집
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.65-73
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• 1998

영상복원법 중에는 복원하고자 하는 원 영상의 화소밝기분포가 부분적으로 평탄하다는 가정을 한 부가적인 Gibbs 사전정보를 포함하는 방법이 있다. 이 경우 Gibbs 사전정보를 표현하기 위해 원 영상의 화소밝기를 나타내는 실변수 뿐 아니라 경계를 정의하는 이진변수를 포함하는 에너지 함수를 정의하게 된다. 그러나, 이러한 실변수와 이진변수의 복합형태가 존재할 경우 이들을 동시에 추정하는 것은 매우 어려운 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 deterministic annealing 방법의 응용을 고찰하기로 한다. Deterministic annealing 방법은 다른 방법과 달리 실수 값을 취하는 변수 및 이진변수가 복합형태로 존재하는 문제를 다루는데 있어서 매우 원리적이고 효율적인 방법을 제공한다. 이 방법에서는 복합형태를 취하는 원 함수에 근접하도록 하는 일련의 함수들을 정의하게 되는데, 이때 새로운 일련의 함수들은 실변수만을 취하도록 변환된다. 일련의 함수 중 개개의 함수는 조종파라미터(냉각시 온도에 해당)에 의해 지정된다. 고온에서의 에너지 함수는 저온에서의 에너지와 유사하나 좀더 완만한 형태를 취하게 된다. 따라서, 온도를 서서히 낮추면서 고온에서의 에너지 함수를 저온에서의 에너지 함수로 변환시켜 감으로써 에너지 함수를 최소화하는 작업이 용이해 진다. 이것이 연속방법의 핵심이다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 연속방법을 Bayesian 영상복원 모델에 적용하여 그 성능을 실험을 통해 검증한다.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.319-332
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• 2011

The objectives of this study are to analyze the satellite visibility at the randomly established ground sites, to determine the five optimal ground sites to perform the optical surveillance and tracking of domestic satellites, and to verify the acquisition of the optical observation time sufficient to maintain the precise ephemeris at optimal ground sites that have been already determined. In order to accomplish these objectives, we analyzed the visibility for sun-synchronous orbit satellites, low earth orbit satellites, middle earth orbit satellites and domestic satellites as well as the continuous visibility along with the fictitious satellite ground track, and calculate the effective visibility. For the analysis, we carried out a series of repetitive process using the satellite tool kit simulation software developed by Analytical Graphics Incorporated. The lighting states of the penumbra and direct sun were set as the key constraints of the optical observation. The minimum of the observation satellite elevation angle was set to be 20 degree, whereas the maximum of the sun elevation angle was set to be -10 degree which is within the range of the nautical twilight. To select the candidates for the optimal optical observation, the entire globe was divided into 84 sectors in a constant interval, the visibility characteristics of the individual sectors were analyzed, and 17 ground sites were arbitrarily selected and analyzed further. Finally, five optimal ground sites (Khurel Togoot Observatory, Assy-Turgen Observatory, Tubitak National Observatory, Bisdee Tier Optical Astronomy Observatory, and South Africa Astronomical Observatory) were determined. The total observation period was decided as one year. To examine the seasonal variation, the simulation was performed for the period of three days or less with respect to spring, summer, fall and winter. In conclusion, we decided the optimal ground sites to perform the optical surveillance and tracking of domestic satellites and verified that optical observation time sufficient to maintain the precise ephemeris could be acquired at the determined observatories.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.821-828
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• 2011

본 논문은 자동항로 추적(Track keeping control), 자동조타(Automatic steering), 자동 접이안(Automatic mooring control) 등으로 구성된 자동운항 시스템 중 자동조타장치의 성능 개선 알고리즘 개발에 대해 다루고 있다. 자동조타는 풍력 또는 조력 등의 영향으로부터 선박의 설정 항로와 실제 침로와의 차이를 계산하여 설정된 항로를 유지하며 항해하므로, 조타에 소요되는 선원의 지속적인 항해로 인한 운전 부담을 경감시키고 불필요한 타조작에 의한 항로 이탈을 줄임으로써 항해거리 단축과 연료비용을 절약할 수 있는 시스템이다. 선박의 모델링을 위하여 Nomoto 모델에 근거하여 전달함수를 구하고, 조종성능(Manoeuvirng) 편리성을 고려하여 타각 입력에 대한 선수각 응답으로 표시된 선박의 4자유도만을 고려한 선형 모델을 제안하고 선박 자동조타장치의 최대각과 타각율을 고려하여 Fuzzy제어기를 설계 하였고 PID제어기로 성능을 비교 분석하였다.

• 에너지공학
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.94-100
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• 2016

에너지저장장치(ESS)는 전력수급 불균형 해소, 신재생에너지의 출력안정, 주파수 조정용 등 전력공급 안정성 향상 및 효율적 전기에너지사용 등에 기여하는 중요자원으로, 전세계적으로 '23년까지 '14년 설치용량의 약 30배가 증가한 55.9GWh의 보급이 전망되고 있다. 이와 같이 급증하는 세계시장에서 국내 ESS 업계의 경쟁력 확보를 위해서는 자국내 설치실적(Track Record) 확보가 필요한데, 우리나라는 주파수 조정용(FR용(用))과 그간 지속되어 왔던 전력수급 불균형 상황에 대비하기 위한 부하이동용 중심으로 ESS를 보급하여 왔다. 하지만, 주파수 조정용의 경우 통상적으로 화력발전소 정격용량의 약 5% 범위에서 설치효용이 발생하는 것으로 평가되고 있어, 화력발전이 비약적으로 증가하지 않는 한 국내 시장의 확장성이 부족하다고 할 수 있으며, 여유로운 예비력 확보정책에 따라 부하이동용에 대해서도 보급필요성이 저하되고 있는 바, 새로운 방식의 보급확대 대상이 필요하다고 할 수 있다. 유망한 신규보급대상은 간헐적 출력의 약점은 있으나, 신기후체제 대응과 산업육성을 위해 지속적으로 추진예정인 신재생에너지와의 연계설치를 통해 신재생에너지의 출력을 안정화 하고, 신재생에너지 발전량의 계통투입시기 조절을 통한 이산화탄소 저감효과를 기대할 수 있는 분야라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 향후 에너지정책의 최대 화두인 신기후체제 대응을 위한 온실가스 감축수단을 활용할 수 있도록, 태양광 연계형 ESS 충방전모드를 온실가스 저감효과를 고려토록 설계한 후, 투자유도를 위한 REC 가중치 산정방법에 대한 정책대안을 제시하였다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.283-291
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• 2018

Objectives: To monitor the radon concentration level in plants that handle phosphorus rock and produce gypsum board and cement, and evaluate the effective dose considering the effect of radon exposure on the human body. Methods: Airborne radon concentrations were measured using alpha-track radon detectors (${\alpha}$-track, Rn-tech Co., Korea) and continuous monitors (Radon Sentinel 1030, Sun Nuclear Co., USA). Radon concentrations in the air were converted to radon doses using the following equation to evaluate the human effects due to radon. H (mSv/yr) = Radon gas concentration x Equilibrium factor x Occupancy factor x Dose conversion factor. The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) used $8nSv/(Bq{\cdot}hr/m^3)$ as the dose conversion factor in 2010, but raised it by a factor of four to $33nSv/(Bq{\cdot}hr/m^3)$ in 2017. Results: Radon concentrations and effective doses in fertilizer manufacturing process averaged $14.3(2.7)Bq/m^3$ ($2.0-551.3Bq/m^3$), 0.11-0.54 m㏜/yr depending on the advisory authority and recommendation year, respectively. Radon concentrations in the gypsum-board manufacturing process averaged $14.9Bq/m^3$ at material storage, $11.4Bq/m^3$ at burnability, $8.1Bq/m^3$ at mixing, $10.0Bq/m^3$ at forming, $8.9Bq/m^3$ at drying, $14.7Bq/m^3$ at cutting, and $10.5Bq/m^3$ at shipment. It was low because it did not use phosphate gypsum. Radon concentrations and effective doses in the cement manufacturing process were $23.2Bq/m^3$ in the stowage area, $20.2Bq/m^3$ in the hopper, $16.8Bq/m^3$ in the feeder and $11.9Bq/m^3$ in the cement mill, marking 0.12-0.63 m㏜/yr, respectively. Conclusions: Workers handling phosphorous gypsum directly or indirectly can be assessed as exposed to an annual average radon dose of 0.16 to 2.04 mSv or 0.010 to 0.102 WLM (Working Level Month).