• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.308-311
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• 1995

The incidence of contamination of epidural catheters used for pain control was investigated. To prevent epidural infection, all patients with epidural catheters had taken amoxacillin 1.5gm/day orally. Of the cultures of catheters catched from 303 patients undergoing continuous epidrual catheterization, 5 catheters (1.7%) were found to be contaminated; cervical 1/86 (1.2%), thoracic 1/27 (3.7%), and lumbar 3/190 (1.6%). Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most common etiologic agent (60%). To prevent epidural infection, sterilization of the skin around the epidural catheter and prophylactic use of broad-spectrum antibiotics are thought to be beneficial.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.97-100
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• 2009

Patchwork is a handicraft to put some certain shapes of small cloths together. Historical records of patchwork was discovered in Ancient Egypt as far back as BC 1000. Patchwork has been popular in the England and in around 13-$14^{th}$ century, European spliced little pieces of cloths for cold necessities, which made the handle of patchwork techniques gradually tend to decorative other than utility. Patchwork designs and techniques were taken across the Atlantic to North America with the early settlers in the mid-eighteenth century. In the early years of $20^{th}$ century, owing to the continuous technological advances, woman got more job opportunities that made patchwork technologies withered. Patchwork art continually evolved on the basis of historical and cultural factors to new styles, the famous Hawaiian, Stained Glass, Mola, Celtic, Victoria, Seminole and many other patchwork styles like that perfect embodied different art and cultures of different nations in different times.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.183-192
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• 1993

Efficient plant regeneration system was established through the culture of rice (Oryza sativa L.) microspores. Microspores released by anther shedding culture developed into proembryos and calluses in B5 medium within two weeks of culture. The optimal hormone and carbon sources were dependent on the genotypes used. Microspore's viability decreased rapidly in culture time, therefore less than 3% of the total microspores were viable at the 9th day when the first microspore division was observed. Of two types of microspores (pollen dimorphism) observed in culture, only the P-grain, larger microspores than normal one was able to divide. Using 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) fluorescence staining, it was confirmed that the symmetrical division of uninucleate microspore was the first step leading to continuous microspore development. Microspore-derived proembryos and calluses were regenerated to plants in N6 medium containing 1 mg/L NAA and 5 mg/L kinetin, and 78.3% of the regenerated plants were haploids.

• Mycobiology
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.396-406
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• 2018

A newly isolated white rot fungal strain KU-RNW027 was identified as Trametes polyzona, based on an analysis of its morphological characteristics and phylogenetic data. Aeration and fungal morphology were important factors which drove strain KU-RNW027 to secrete two different ligninolytic enzymes as manganese peroxidase (MnP) and laccase. Highest activities of MnP and laccase were obtained in a continuous shaking culture at 8 and 47 times higher, respectively, than under static conditions. Strain KU-RNW027 existed as pellets and free form mycelial clumps in submerged cultivation with the pellet form producing more enzymes. Fungal biomass increased with increasing amounts of pellet inoculum while pellet diameter decreased. Strain KU-RNW027 formed terminal chlamydospore-like structures in cultures inoculated with 0.05 g/L as optimal pellet inoculum which resulted in highest enzyme production. Enzyme production efficiency of T. polyzona KU-RNW027 depended on fungal pellet morphology as size, porosity, and formation of chlamydospore-like structures.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.110-117
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• 2000

Relationship between monoclonal antibody (MAb) productivity and growth rate, and effects of high cell density on MAb production rate increased with increasing specifis growth rate in both suspended and immobilized continuous cultures indicate a positively growth-associated relationship between MAb productivity and growth rate. moreover, the specific production rate was higher in the immobilized cell culture than that in suspended one at all dilution rates. In order to clarify these phenomana, MAb mPNA experession and cell cycle distribution were investigated in bacth cultures with immobilized cells and suspended cells. RT-PCR was used for observation of MAb mRNA expression and a two-color bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)/propidium iodide (PI) flow cytometry method for determination of cell cycle distribution. The results revealed that MAb nRNA expression until dead phase, which was longer than in suspended cell. The cell cycle distribution patterns were observed almost the same for both immobilized and suspended cells. Such results may imply that a high cell density state has positive influence on the mRNA expression and on growth-associated Mab productivity of T0405 cells.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제81권2호
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• pp.183-190
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• 1992

기내배양된 현사시나무의 조직배양세포로부터 안토시아닌 생성과 세포생장에 적합한 요인을 구명하여 차후 기내배양을 통한 2차대사산물생산의 기초자료를 제공하고자 연구를 수행하였다. Callus는 0.5mg/l 2, 4-D, 0.1mg/l BAP을 첨가한 MS배지에서 유발시켜 같은 배지에서 증식하였다. 안토지아닌 생산은 MS 기본배지를 기준으로 하여 질산염은 12.5% 감량시키고 인산염은 400%로 증가시켜 5% sucrose와 1.0mg/l IAA 및 1.0mg/l BAP를 첨가한후 7,000 lux의 연속광 하에서 배양했을 때 가장 높게 나타났다. 그러나 세포의 생장은 MS 기본배지를 기준으로 하여 질산염은 50% 감량시키고 인산염은 400%로 증가시켜 5% sucrose와 0.5mg/l 2, 4-D를 첨가한 배지에서 가장 양호한 결과를 얻었다. 안토시아닌의 동정은 1% 염산-메탄올의 유기용매로 추출하여 정제 후 TLC와 UV spectrophotometer로 확인한 결과 pelargonidin 3-rhamnoside-5-glucose로 추정되었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.137-141
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• 2002

Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413 grew in chromium (Cr) containing Chu-10 (basal) and nitrate-supplemented media, and the growth of the organism in $100{\mu}M$ chromium was found to be 50% of that in control medium. The growth in nitrate $({NO_3}^-)$ supplemented cultures was better as compared to cultures grown in basal medium. Free cells from basal and nitrate-supplemented media removed 5.2 and 7.4 nmol of chromium $mg^{-1}$protein in 8 h, respectively, from the medium containing $30{\mu}M$ chromium. The efficiency of chromium removal increased 7-fold in imidazole buffer (0.2 M, pH 7.0). A cell density equivalent to $100{\mu}g$ protein $ml^{-1}$ was found to be optimum for maximum Cr removal. Entrapment of cells in calcium-alginate beads did not affect the rate of Cr uptake by the cells. The efficiency of the laboratory-scale continuous flow bioreactor $(12.5{\times}2cm)$ loaded with alginate-immobilized cells (10 mg protein) and fed with $30{\mu}M$ chromium solution was compared at different flow rates. The efficiency of the bioreactor varied with flow rates. In terms of percent removal of Cr from influent, a flow rate of 0.1 ml $min^{-1}$ was found to be optimum for 6 h (54% Cr removal efficiency). Maximum amount of Cr (883 nmol) was removed by the cells in 3 h at a flow rate of 0.5 ml $min^{-1}$. The potential use of A. variabilis in removing Cr from industrial effluents is discussed.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.83-89
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• 1998

Cellulose로 만들어진 다공성 미립담체를 이용하여 HeLa cell을 working volume 100mL의 spinner flask에서 배양하였으며, 세포가 완전히 자란 미립담제를 계대배양하기 위하여 담체간 세포 전이 배양 방법을 시도하였다. 부유세포의 농도는 다공성 미립담체-HeLa 시스템의 경우에 담체간 세포 전이 배양에 영향을 미치는 중요한 인자로 작용하였으며, 낮은 칼슘농도의 배지인 RPMI-1640과 빠른 교반 속도를 이용하여 활성을 유지한 많은 세포가 떨어지도록 유도하였으며, 담체간 세포 전이 배양을 효과적으로 3회 이상 실시할 수 있었다. 이렇게 배양한 세포에 재 조합 Vaccinia virus를 감염하여 그 수율을 비교한 결과 T-flask에서 떼어낸 세포로 접종한 미립담체 배양과 거의 비슷한 재조합 단백질($\beta$-galactosidase) 수율을 나타내었다. Trypsin 처리 방법에 의한 미립담체 계대 배양도 경우에 따라서는 유용한 미립담체 계대 배양 방법이 될 수 있지만 실제 생산 규모에의 적용에는 공정이 복잡해지고 정확한 제어가 필요하다는 등의 문제가 있다. 따라서, 추가적인 비용이나 공정이 필요 없는 간편한 방법인 담체간 세포 전이 배양은 동물세포 배양을 이용한 유용 단백질 및 바이러스 생산 공정의 규모 증대에 매우 유용한 수단이다.

• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.59-64
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• 1995

포도의 현탁배양계에서 안토시안닌 색소의 축적에 미치는 salicylic acid (SA)의 영향을 알아보기 위하여 다양한 농도의 SA를 계대배양시에 함께 처리한 결과 1 $\mu$M 이하의 낮은 농도에서는 세포의 생장 및 색소의 축적에 있어서 어떤 영향을 미치지 않았다. 그러나, 5 $\mu$M와 10 $\mu$M의 농도에서는 세포의 생장은 일시적으로 억제되지만 색소의 축적은 크게 증가한다. 또한 20 $\mu$M의 고농도에서는 세포의 생장은 완전히 억제되어 세포가 죽기까지 하는 결과를 나타내었다. 암배양 상태의 세포서도 SA을 처리해 주면, 암배양에 의한 안토시아닌 색소 생합성능의 저하는 회복되어, SA처리없이 광처리만 해준 세포보다도 더 높은 색소의 축적을 보였다. 5 $\mu$M의 SA를 계대배양후 시일별로 처리한 결과, 처리후 24 시간 이후에 급격한 색소의 축적을 나타내었지만 계대배양 후 2일째에 처리한 세포에서 가장 높은 색소의 축적를 보였으며, 처리후 5일째가 되면 SA는 무처리구의 암배양세포(7일째 세포)에 비해 4배 이상의 색소의 축적을 보였다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제44권7호
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• pp.14-24
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• 2002

The effect of reclaimed water irrigation on paddy rice culture was evaluated by pilot study at the experimental field of Konkuk University in Seoul, Korea. The sewage was treated by constructed wetland system, and its effluent was used as irrigation water for four treatments and one control plots with three replications. Irrigation of reclaimed water onto paddy rice cultures did not adversely affect the growth and yield of rice. Instead, experimental rice plots of reclaimed water irrigation displayed about 10 to 50% more yield on average than controls. This implies that reclaimed water irrigation might be beneficial rather than harmful to rice culture as long as the sewage is treated adequately and used properly. The amount of irrigation water had little effect on experimental rice cultures, but its strength was important. The strength of treated sewage was not a limiting factor in this study, and no lodging was observed even with a relatively high nitrogen concentration (up to 160mg/L). In general the paddy soil was not affected by reclaimed water irrigation. However, there was an indication that continuous irrigation with high strength of reclaimed water might cause salt accumulation in the soil. Supplemental use of reclaimed water with existing sources of irrigation water is recommended rather than irrigation with a single source of reclaimed water. Overall, the results demonstrated that reclaimed water could be reused as a supplemental source of irrigation water for paddy rice culture without causing adverse effects as long as it is properly managed. For full-scale application, further investigation should be done on environmental risks, tolerable water quality, and fraction of supplemental irrigation.