• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.495-502
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• 2019

This study was conducted to investigated the possibility of inactivating wilt germs (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis lycopersici) using Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) plasma in a hydroponic system. Recirculating hydroponic cultivation system for inactivation was consisted of planting port, LED lamp, water tank, and circulating pump for hydroponic and DBD plasma reactor. Two experiments were conducted: batch and intermittent continuous process. The effect of plasma treatment on Total Residual Oxidants (TRO) concentration change, Fusarium inactivation and growth of lettuce were investigated. In the batch experiment, most of the Fusarium was inactivated at a TRO concentration of 0.15 mg/L or more at four-day intervals. There was no change in lettuce growth after two times of plasma treatment for one week. The intermittent continuous experiment consisted of 30-minute, 60-minute, and 90-minute plasma treatment in 2 day intervals and 30-minute treatment a one-day; most of the Fusarium was inactivated only by treatment for 30-minute every two days. However, if inactivation under $10^1CFU/mL$ is required, it will be necessary to treat for 60 minutes in 2 day intervals. The plasma treatment caused no damage to the lettuce, except the 30 min plasma treatment ay the one-day interval. It was considered that the residual TRO concentration was higher than that of the other treatments.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.323-332
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• 2024

Circulating hydroponic cultivation has the advantage of reducing soil and water pollution problems caused by discharge of fertilizer components because the nutrient solution is reused. However, cyclic hydroponic cultivation has a low biological buffering capacity and can cause outbreaks of infectious root pathogens. Therefore, it is necessary to develop technologies or disinfection systems to control them. This study used dielectric barrier discharge plasma, which generates various persistent oxidants, to treat Fusarium oxysporum f. sp., a pathogen that causes wilt disease. Batch and intermittent continuous inactivation experiments were conducted, and the results showed that the total residual oxidant was persistent in intermittent plasma treatment at intervals of 2-3 days, and F. oxysporum was treated efficiently. Intermittent plasma treatment did not inhibit the growth of tomatoes.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.528-534
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• 2015

Green manure crops have been well recognized as the alternative for chemical fertilizer, especially N fertilizer, because of its positive effect on soil and the environment. Hairy vetch and green barley are the most popular crops for cultivation of rice in paddy field. This study was conducted to evaluate effects of hairy vetch and green barley on soil microbial community and chemical properties during short-term application (three years). For this study, treatments were composed of hairy vetch (Hv), green barley (Gb), hairy vetch + green barley (Hv+Gb), and chemical fertilizer without green manure crops (Con.). Hv+Gb treatment showed the highest microbial biomass among treatments. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that PC1 (73.0 %) was affected by microbial biomass and PC2 (21.5 %) was affected by fungi, cy19:0/18:$1{\omega}7c$ (stress indicator). Combined treatment with hairy vetch and green barley could be more efficient than green manure crop treatment as well as chemical fertilizer treatment for improvement of soil microorganisms.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.133-137
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• 1992

답전윤환포장(沓田輪換圃場)에서 토양질소(土壤窒素) 무기화양상(無機化樣相)의 몇가지 특성(特性)을 구명(究明)하여 얻어진 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 담수배양(湛水培養)한 질소무기화량(窒素無機化量)은 '90년(年)(2년차(年次))에서는 감자-배추구(區)>대두구(大豆區)>벼연작구(連作區)이었으나 '91년(年)(3년차(年次))에는 감자-배추구(區)>벼연작구(連作區)>대두구(大豆區)의 순(順)이었다. 2. 3년차(年次)('91년(年) 밭 상태조건(狀態條件)에서 생성(生成)된 토양질소무기화량(土壤窒素無機化量)은 감자-배추구(區)에서는 매년윤환구(每年輪換區)<전윤환(田輪換)이지만 대두구(大豆區)에서는 반대(反對)로 매년윤환구(每年輪換區)>전윤환(田輪換)이었다. 3. 토양(土壤)의 전질소(全窒素) 및 전탄소함량(全炭素含量)은 수도연작구(水稻連作區)에 비(比)하여 윤환구(輪換區)에서 낮아졌는데 특(特)히 대두윤환구(大豆輪換區)에서 현저히 낮아졌다. 4. 지력질소(地力窒素)의 판정기준법(判定基準法)으로 이용(利用)되는 인산완충용액법(憐酸緩衝溶液法)에 의한 가급태질소함량(可給態窒素含量)과 담수토양법(湛水土壤法)에 의한 $NH_4-N$ 생성량(生成量)과는 정(正)의 상관관계(相關關係)가 있었다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.273-279
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• 2010

The study result survey platycodon cultivation regions of Jinju(2), Sacheon(4), Hapcheon(3), Haman(3), and Sancheong(3) of Gyongnam regarding chemical properties of soil, inorganic nitrogen phosphorus by type of composition is as follows: pH and EC value were highest where platycodon cultivated for under 3 years in soils. Content of O.M equal to or less than 25 mg $kg^{-1}$, the average value for platycodoncultivation in korea. Content of exchangeable calcium in soils were 12, 14 $cmol^+kg^{-1}$ in Hapcheon and Haman regions where platycodon was cultivated for two years which is 2~3 time higher level compared with the average upland soil of korea. Water solution boron confirmed approximated level of 3.0 mg $kg^{-1}$ in all survey regions, and the finding is about five times higher than average upland soil of korea which is 0.5 mg $kg^{-1}$. In the case of nitrogen, a significant difference was found depending on cultivation regions and continuous culture. Content of nitrogen in soils were difference according to cultivation area and continuous culture. The composition ratio according to the type of inorganic phosphorus showed the highest in order of Al-P > Ca-P > Fe-P > Saloid-P in all survey regions except for Hapcheon (five, seven years cultivated soils). The correlation showed high significance between available phosphate and inorganic phosphorus.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.80-84
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• 1994

In order to induce the rapid alcohol fermentation through the increases of the cell density in a continuous alcohol fermentation of naked barley, the single-cultivation with S. cerevisiae IS-019(SCM, ordinary control), mixed-cultivation with Saccharomyces uvarum IS-026 having a flocculent ability and S. cerevisiae IS-019(MCM), and mash recirculation by single-cultivation of S. cerevisiae IS-019(MRM) modes were investigated. The cell mass in the mixed-cultivation mode was about 10% higher than that of ordinary control but the final alcohol yield was slightlyl decreased. When recycled the mash with the flow rate of 7 l/h from V$_{6}$ to V$_{5}$ fermentors under the ordinary control, the cell density was distributed at 140~170$\times $10$^{6}$ cell/ml depending upon the fermentorsorders, higher about 20% than that of the ordinary control. Under these conditions the alcohol productivity of the maximum and the overall was 12.16 g/l$\cdot $h with an alcohol of 7.6% at the V$_{5}$ fermentor and 1.19 g/l$\cdot $h with an alcohol of 8.94%, respectively. For higher cell mass it was more effective to apply the mash recirculation mode with the single-cultivation of S. cerevisiae IS-019 in a pilot scale multi-stage CSTR.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.795-806
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• 2016

This study was conducted to improve the continuous techniques for international competitiveness of ginseng industry to Korea-China FTA negotiation and conclusion, and provide the basic information for ginseng industry development of Korea. It was carried out the visiting of the northeastern three provinces (Jilin, Liaoling and Heilongjang) in China for 3-year from 2014 to 2016 and observed the farmers' fields of ginseng cultivation with soil environmental status. The types of ginseng cultivation could be observed in small scales of 0.5~3.0 ha, in middle scales of 4.0~10.0 ha and in large scales of 30~700 ha with the kinds of imhasam, Chinese ginseng, Korean ginseng and western ginseng. Also ginseng was cultivated in newly reclaimed land of forest in two types of direct seeding and transplanting of ginseng seedlings. The field beds of ginseng growing were covered with vinyl films in arch design of 100~130 cm height and vinyl was painted in spraying with blue, green and yellow colours for shading. It was investigated in status of the physico-chemical properties of soils. The physical information on the field soils were silt loam, loam and sandy loam in soil textures, and some plain in low slope, some alluvial fan or local valley in forest of land topography. Soil pH ranged within 5.0~5.2, soil EC was $0.93{\sim}3.78dS\;m^{-1}$, organic matter was $37{\sim}35g\;kg^{-1}$, nitrate nitrogen $63{\sim}490mg\;kg^{-1}$, available $P_2O_5$ $55{\sim}163mg\;kg^{-1}$, and in exchangeable cations, K was 0.30~0.98, Ca was 6.5~14.0, Mg was $1.1{\sim}5.3cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$ in ranges. Farmers used the fertilizer for ginseng cultivation in 10~11 t of compost, $200{\sim}400kg\;ha^{-1}$ of complex fertilizer and $750kg\;ha^{-1}$ of oil cakes. The northeastern three provinces of China can use the newly lands with large areas of ginseng cultivation in soil sickness by continuous cropping. and the soil basic fertility is batter than that of Korean in standard guide of ginseng cultivation soil.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.139-161
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• 2020

The aims of this study were to classify the cultivation status of medicinal crop farmers and to obtain basic data on domestic medicinal crops. To this end, 406 medicinal crop farmers participating in farming education programs in 14 cities and counties were surveyed over 10 months. The results were as follows. First, the biggest difficulty farmers faced in the overall production of medicinal crops was a lack of cultivation skills. Second, in a detailed inquiry about each difficulty item, the most difficult problems were injury by continuous cropping of root-using crops, shortage of specific farm machinery, uncertain market prices, and lack of knowledge about pest control or the positive list system (PLS). Third, the profitability of medicinal crops increased with career experience. Among the farmers who earned profits, requests for education and technical guidance were the most important factors for profitability. Fourth, the results of the analysis suggest that to achieve stable cultivation of medicinal crops, the following items need to be addressed: development and supply of basic cultivation technologies, climate response, registration of pest control pesticides, a solution to the injury by continuous cropping, and contracting cultivation expansion. Additionally, to improve profitability, it is necessary to create conditions that enable the same crops to grow for a long time in one region.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.127-132
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• 2001

시설참외 연작지 토양의 염류집적 해결과 뿌리혹선충 방제에 필요한 기초자료를 얻고자 수행한 성주 지역 시설참외지의 연작에 대한 토양 특성 및 토양선충 변화를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 참외 연작 년수에 따른 뿌리혹선충의 피해는 연작 3년 이하의 밭에서는 토양 300 mL당 91마리로 적어 피해가 거의 나타나지 않았으나 연작 $4{\sim}6$년 차에는 선충밀도가 518마리로 증가되고 참외 고사주율도 8월에 50%로 나타나 후기 수량이 절반 이하로 떨어졌다. 2. 토양 염류집적 및 토양성분 함량은 유효인산 함량이 3년 이하 연작보다 4년 이상 연작할 때 438 mg/kg로 265% 증가되었고 질소함량과 치환성 염기함량도 연작 연수가 길수록 많이 축적되었으며, 특히 염농도는 1.20에서 4.55 mS/cm로 높아져 3년 이상 연작시에는 수량이 현저히 감소되었다. 그리고 토양유기물 함량은 9에서 16 g/kg으로 증가되고 pH가 6.1에서 6.5로, CEC는 $7.50\;cmol^+/kg$에서 $10.78\;cmol^+/kg$로 증가하였다. 3. 경시적인 선충 감염율은 2월에는 감염주율이 15%로 낮았으나 매월 $10{\sim}20%$씩 증가되었고 6월에는 45%, 7월에는 60%로 감염주율이 높았으며, 뿌리혹선충 유충 밀도는 2월 167마리이던 것이 점차 증가하여 8월에는 1,625마리로 10배의 증식율을 보였다. 4. 상토원 재료별의 선충 분리비율은 평균 35%이고 서식밀도도 300 mL당 54마리였으며, 논흙과 강변모래에서 검출 점수가 많았고 검출율은 밭흙과 논흙에 많았다. 5. 정식 본포의 토양성분 분석과 선충밀도와의 상관관계는 유효 인산, 치환상 염기는 유의성이 없었고 염농도는 사양토보다 식양토쪽으로 갈수록 3.70 mS/cm에서 5.35 mS/cm로 높았으며, 선충밀도는 사양토로 갈수록 토양 300 mL당 318에서 593 마리로 1.9배 증가되었다. 참외 고사주율도 8월 조사결과 식양토 50%인대 비하여 사양토 85%로 사양토에 갈수록 높았다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.163-169
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• 1983

Effects of temperature on the gorwth characteristics and the chemical composition of pseudomonas cells grown under glucose-or methanol-utilizing continuous culture were studied. In a glucose-utilizing continuous culture, optimum dilution rate, agitation, pH, and temperature, for the higher biomass yield were $0.45hr^-$, 7000rpm, pH 7.5, and $30^{\circ}C$, respectively. But in a methanol-utilizing continuous culture, they were $0.125hr^-$, 600rpm, pH 8, and $30^{\circ}C$, respectively. In methanol-utilizing continuous culture, the maximum production rate of the cells was 1.48g, dry wt./1/hr at a dilution rate of $0.45hr^-$, and the cell yield was 0.46g. dry wt./g. glucose. In the methanol-utilizaing continuous culture, the maximum production rate of the cells was 0.33 7g. dry wt./1/hr. at a dilution rate of $0.125hr^-$ and the cell yield was 0.44g dry cell/g. methanol. The contents of protein of the cells increase with the increase ingrowing temperature (from 15 to $30^{\circ}C$), more or less, while the contents of RNA nad carbohydrate of the cells decreased. However, DNA contents of cells growth under the various temperature ranges didn't change. As the temeprature of cultivation rises at a constant dilution rate, the efficiency of RNA in protein synthesis was increased, showing the decreases in the ratio of RNA to protein.