• Journal of Applied and Pure Mathematics
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• v.5 no.5_6
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• pp.407-414
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• 2023

In this article we continue the study of smooth Picard singular integral operators that started in [2], see there chapters 10-14. This time the foundation of our research is a trigonometric Taylor's formula. We establish the convergence of our operators to the unit operator with rates via Jackson type inequalities engaging the first modulus of continuity. Of interest here is a residual appearing term. Note that our operators are not positive. Our results are pointwise and uniform.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 2018

This paper presents the assembling of multiple patches based on the single patch isogeometric formulation for the shear deformable shell element given in the previous study. The geometrically exact shell formulation has been accomplished with the shell theory based formulation and the generalized curvilinear coordinate system directly derived from the given NURBS geometry. For the knot elements matching across adjacent surfaces, the zero-th and first parametric continuity conditions are considered and the corresponding coupling constraints are implemented by a master-slave formulation between adjacent patches. The constraints are then enforced by a substitution method for condensation of the slave variables, thereby reducing the model size. Through numerical investigations, the important features of the first parametric continuity condition are confirmed. The performance of the multi-patch shell models is also examined comparing the rate of convergence of response coefficients for the zero and first order continuity conditions and continuity in coupling boundary between two patches is confirmed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.2393-2398
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• 2014

Because each resource in LTE-Advanced system and network's shapes such as bandwidth, error rate change variably, it is judged that it is impossible to control service continuity with procedural, artificial, and static control method applied to the existing voice service. This research suggests a QoS management mechanism to support the service continuity effectively based on policy control. It means a method in which a subscriber's terminal collects information about its current condition and base station around, and a base station, through the data collected by monitoring inner or adjacent base station, shares related data and converges, controlling service continuity on its own.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.29-35
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• 2015

The heterogeneous LTE (Long Term Evolution)-Advanced networks comprising a macrocell and femtocells can provide an efficient solution not only to extend macrocell coverage but also to deal with packet traffics increasing explosively within macrocells. An efficient resource management scheme is necessary to maintain the QoS (Quality of Service) of mobile multimedia services because the LTE-Advanced system should support not only voice but also mobile applications such as data, image and video. This paper proposes a resource management scheme to guarantee QoS continuity of multimedia services and to maximize the resource utilization in OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) based LTE-Advanced systems. This scheme divides the resources into several service blocks and allocates those resources based on the competition between macrocell and femtocell. Simulation results show that it provides better performances than the conventional one in respect of handover failure rate and blocking rate.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.6260-6268
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• 2015

In LTE-Advanced that different networks coexist, it is considered that it is actually difficult to provide service continuity with a procedural and static control method applied to the existing voice service. This paper suggests Service Self-Organization to support the service continuity effectively based on SON. It means a method in which a subscriber's terminal collects information about its current condition and base station around, and a base station, through the data collected by monitoring inner or adjacent base station, shares related data and converges, controlling service continuity on its own. In other words, as context information of mobile terminal and base station changes, set-up of related functions such as ISHO, cell selection, source allocation, load control, and QoS mapping is adapted; each function fits into the change, exchanges the process of reorganization, and interacts; these actions go toward to satisfy service continuity. Simulation results show that it provides better performances than the conventional one with the measure of resource utilization rate and outage probability.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.57-75
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine changes in the rate of occurrence of challenging behaviors in young children according to their increase in age. The study is based on the responses of teachers in child care centers(N=246). They were asked which 38 types of challenging behavior occur most among ages 2, 3, 4, or 5 in young children's classrooms. The major results of this study were as follows. First, the occurrence rates of young children's challenging behaviors were classified into 5 clusters; decreased(Cluster 1, Cluster 2, Cluster 3), maintained(Cluster 4), or increased(Cluster 5) according to increases in their respective ages. Second, the behaviors such as throwing tantrums and biting, evident in Cluster 1, decreased very rapidly from a very high occurrence rate by age 3. The classroom culture maladjustment behaviors such as running aimlessly around the classroom and shouting, apparent in Cluster 2, had decreased rapidly from a high occurrence rate by age 4. The intentional classroom disruptive behaviors such as dropping objects to create noise and the peer culture maladjustment behaviors studied in Cluster 3 decreased gradually from a rate of medium occurrence by age 5. These results revealed the discontinuity which a few young children exhibit. Third, hurting others, observed in Cluster 4 maintained a low occurrence rate from age 2 until age 5. Using inappropriate language and threatening others in Cluster 5 increased gradually from a low occurrence at 2 to a high rate of occurrence at age 5. By carefully examining the change of young children's challenging behaviors on the basis of objective data in terms of the continuity/discontinuity and increased/decreased rate of diverse challenging behaviors, we will be better able help teachers and parents to plan the instruction, prevention and intervention of young children's challenging behaviors.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1067-1072
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• 2014

As the service continuity of mobile multimedia service is affected by packet loss and delay, the efficient handover control is essentially required. This paper proposes a handover admission control scheme to satisfy service continuity of mobile multimedia services in LTE-Advanced System. In this method, based on context information of mobile terminal and base station changes, the sequence diagrams between the function modules for controlling new sessions and ISHO sessions are proposed. Simulation is done for performance analysis with the measure of transmission delay and packet loss rate.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.77-98
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• 2020

Recently, the government provided about 35 trillion won to start-ups through a large amount of start-up support funds from the Korea Credit Guarantee Fund and the Korea Development Bank, and more than 100 trillion won to start-ups over the past three years.(2015-2018) The Ministry of SMEs and Startups announced that a total of 1.4517 trillion won will be supported by 16 ministries (90 projects) after surveying start-up support projects by ministries in 2020 to create a start-up country. Indeed, among the budgets supported by the Ministry of SMEs and Startups, startups accounted for 85%, while scale-ups (growth and maturity) were only 15%. However, the survival rate of Korean start-ups was far lower than that of developed countries. The survival rate for the three years after the start-up was 39.1 percent, with only about 4 out of 10 surviving, with 27.5 percent surviving for five years, and only 3 out of 10 surviving. On the other hand, overseas start-ups have a survival rate of twice as high as that of Korea for five years. Accordingly, this study aims to empirically analyze and examine the need for research on nascent entrepreneurs, which have recently been actively supported by the government, as well as the impact of start-up motivation and start-up preparation on the intention to continue business. The survey was conducted from April 1 to May 15, 2020 for nascent entrepreneurs nationwide, and 222 of the total 245 copies were analyzed, and the questionnaire was measured using the Likert 5-point scale. As a result of the analysis, first, all factors constituting start-up motivation were adopted by significantly affecting start-up satisfaction. In addition, among the sub-factors of nascent entrepreneurs' preparation, item preparation was adopted as a significant influence on start-up satisfaction. Second, the nascent entrepreneurs' satisfaction level was adopted by having a significant impact on the business continuity. Third, some of the motivations for self-realization of the motivation for start-ups were adopted by having a significant impact on the business continuity. In addition, the preparation of items for the start-up preparation of nascent entrepreneurs was partially adopted as they had a significant impact on the business continuity. Fourth, it was adopted by the mediation effect of start-up satisfaction between the motivation of the nascent entrepreneurs' preparation and the business continuity. In addition, it was adopted by the medium effect of start-up satisfaction between the nascent entrepreneurs' preparation and the business continuity. Based on the results of these studies, it is intended to draw practical implications, and to provide useful policy implications to increase nascent entrepreneurs' satisfaction and continue to carry out their start-ups.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.331-340
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• 2010

The basic theory and application of new adaptive finite element algorithm have been proposed in this study including the adaptive hp-refinement strategy, and the effective method for constructing hp-approximation. The hp-adaptive finite element concept needs the integrals of Legendre shape function, nonuniform p-distribution, and suitable constraint of continuity in conjunction with irregular node connection. The continuity of hp-adaptive mesh is an important problem at the common boundary of element interface. To solve this problem, the constraint of continuity has been enforced at the common boundary using the connectivity mapping matrix. The effective method for constructing of the proposed algorithm has been developed by using hierarchical nature of the integrals of Legendre shape function. To verify the proposed algorithm, the problem of simple cantilever beam has been solved by the conventional h-refinement and p-refinement as well as the proposed hp-refinement. The result obtained by hp-refinement approach shows more rapid convergence rate than those by h-refinement and p-refinement schemes. It it noted that the proposed algorithm may be implemented efficiently in practice.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.561-573
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• 1999

A $C^*$-convergence algorithm for finite element analysis has been proposed by Bigdeli and Kelly (1997) and elements for the first three levels applied to planar elasticity have been defined. The fourth level element for the new family is described in this paper and the rate of convergence for the $C^*$-convergence algorithm is investigated numerically. The new family adds derivatives of displacements as nodal variables and the number of nodes and elements can therefore be kept constant during refinement. A problem exists on interfaces where the derivatives are required to be discontinuous. This problem is addressed for curved boundaries and a procedure is suggested to resolve the excessive interelement continuity which occurs.