• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.549-559
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• 2021

The Arctic Circle's huge amounts of fossil fuels and mineral resources are being developed and subjected to active construction projects. Global efforts are continuing to actively respond to climate change, but the dependence on fossil fuels remains high. This study reports a preliminary survey conducted in Alberta, Canada, where oil sand resources are actively developed. A land cover map was prepared using satellite imagery to reduce the cost and time of surveying a wide area. Results likely useful to resource development projects such as ground surface temperature and snow cover distribution were derived by using the obtained image classification results. It is expected that the results of the present research and analysis will be used to establish strategies for the successful promotion and operation of projects to develop resources in the Arctic.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.71-94
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to propose measures for social work practice to enhance the happiness of middle-aged married men and women by identifying the effects of family stress and social support resources (formal and informal support resources) on marital satisfaction among mid-life married couples. Subjects were selected through purposive sampling among married men and women aged between 40 and 59 and living in Seoul City and Gyeonggi province. The study results are follows. First, the average score of family stress was 3.06 points (SD=.56), slightly higher than the median value of 3 points. Of all subscales of family stress, the subjects experienced the most stress from family relationships, followed by financial problems, health and loss of families, and work-family compatibility. In regard to social support resources, the mean value of all social support resources categories was greater than the median. Among the subscales, informal support (family support and support from other people) was found to be higher than formal support. The level of marital satisfaction was higher than the median, and the score was 3.21 points (SD=.78). Second, in order to explore differences in marital satisfaction according to family stress and social support, differences in marital satisfaction were analyzed by grouping subjects who scored high, middle, and low levels of marital satisfaction. According to the results, marital satisfaction was statistically significantly higher in the group that experienced less family stress (F=6.25, p<.01). With respect to social support, marital satisfaction was statistically significantly higher in the group that received high social support (F=29.68, p<.001). Third, according to the analysis of factors affecting marital satisfaction in middle-aged married men and women, subjective economic status, family relationship stress, economic stress, and family support showed statistical significance. The higher the subjective economic status and the lower the family relationship stress and economic stress levels, the higher the marital satisfaction among middle-aged married men and women. In addition, the greater the family support, the higher the marital satisfaction. The results of this study underscore the need to improve family relationships in middle-aged married couples and to distribute family life education programs that can strengthen family support resources. For example, family relationship enhancement programs are currently performed, including "Family School for Middle-Aged Baby Boomers" and others as part of the Healthy Family Support Work regarding the promotion of marital satisfaction of middle-aged couples. In addition, continuing effort is warranted to include content on strengthening family support resources, maximizing the effectiveness of programs, and promoting service accessibility.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.8-9
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• 2011

On 4 September 2010 an earthquake of magnitude 7.1 on the Richter scale occurred on the Canterbury Plains in the South Island of New Zealand. The Canterbury Plains are an area of extensive groundwater and spring fed surface water systems. Since the September earthquake there have been several thousand aftershocks (Fig. 1), the largest being a 6.3 magnitude quake which occurred close to the centre of Christchurch on 22February 2011. This second quake caused extensive damage to the city of Christchurch including the deaths of 189 people. Both of these quakes had marked hydrological impacts. Water is a vital natural resource for Canterburywith groundwater being extracted for potable supply and both ground and surface water being used extensively for agricultural and horticultural irrigation.The groundwater is of very high quality so that the city of Christchurch (population approx. 400,000) supplies untreated artesian water to the majority of households and businesses. Both earthquakes caused immediate hydrological effects, the most dramatic of which was the liquefaction of sediments and the release of shallow groundwater containing a fine grey silt-sand material. The liquefaction that occurred fitted within the empirical relationship between distance from epicentre and magnitude of quake described by Montgomery et al. (2003). . It appears that liquefaction resulted in development of discontinuities in confining layers. In some cases these appear to have been maintained by artesian pressure and continuing flow, and the springs are continuing to flow even now. In spring-fed streams there was an increase in flow that lasted for several days and in some cases flows remained high for several months afterwards although this could be linked to a very wet winter prior to the September earthquake. Analysis of the slope of baseflow recession for a spring-fed stream before and after the September earthquake shows no change, indicating no substantial change in the aquifer structure that feeds this stream.A complicating factor for consideration of river flows was that in some places the liquefaction of shallow sediments led to lateral spreading of river banks. The lateral spread lessened the channel cross section so water levels rose although the flow might not have risen accordingly. Groundwater level peaks moved both up and down, depending on the location of wells. Groundwater level changes for the two earthquakes were strongly related to the proximity to the epicentre. The February 2011 earthquake resulted in significantly larger groundwater level changes in eastern Christchurch than occurred in September 2010. In a well of similar distance from both epicentres the two events resulted in a similar sized increase in water level but the slightly slower rate of increase and the markedly slower recession recorded in the February event suggests that the well may have been partially blocked by sediment flowing into the well at depth. The effects of the February earthquake were more localised and in the area to the west of Christchurch it was the earlier earthquake that had greater impact. Many of the recorded responses have been compromised, or complicated, by damage or clogging and further inspections will need to be carried out to allow a more definitive interpretation. Nevertheless, it is reasonable to provisionally conclude that there is no clear evidence of significant change in aquifer pressures or properties. The different response of groundwater to earthquakes across the Canterbury Plains is the subject of a new research project about to start that uses the information to improve groundwater characterisation for the region. Montgomery D.R., Greenberg H.M., Smith D.T. (2003) Stream flow response to the Nisqually earthquake. Earth & Planetary Science Letters 209 19-28.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.301-309
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• 2015

Chub mackerel, Scomber japonicus, larvae and juveniles were reared from hatching to 35 days after hatching (DAH), and the development of their digestive systems was histologically investigated. The larvae were initially fed on rotifers and Artemia nauplii starting around 19 DAH, and thereafter on Artemia nauplii, fish eggs, and a formulated feed mixture. The primitive digestive system differentiated at 3 DAH; the digestive tract was distinctively divided into the buccopharyngeal cavity, esophagus, stomach, air bladder, intestines, and rectum. The gastric gland and pyloric caeca first appeared at 5 and 7 DAH, respectively. The stomach was divided into cardiac, fundic, and pyloric regions in the preflexion phase. The number of gastric glands and pyloric caeca, as well as the volume of the gastric blind sac increased markedly, with development continuing into the juvenile stage. The precocious development of the digestive system during the larval period might be related to the early appearance of piscivory, which is able to support high growth potential. The organogenesis results obtained for this precocial species represent a useful tool to aid our understanding of the physiological requirements of larvae and juveniles to ensure optimal welfare and growth under aquaculture conditions, which will improve current rearing practices of this scombrid species.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.1-15
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• 2000

Information systems (IS) failures still continue and are prevalent everywhere. When considering an enormous amount of budget currently invested on IS technology in many organizations, these continuing failures can be critical culprits to failures of the organizations themselves. However, the meaning and definition of IS failures are not unified among IS researchers as well as IS practitioners although there have been a lot of conceptual research regarding the concept of IS failures. Previous empirical studies are not enough yet and thus we anticipate further empirical studies to be performed which will validate previous conceptual research. In this regards, by analyzing IS practitioners perception toward IS failures in a more detailed manner, this research extends conceptual and empirical research in the past which previously identified the structure of information systems (IS) failures. Further, this current study identified the interrelationships among the categories. The data was analyzed using a multidimensional scaling program and fourteen categories of problems were identified as to constitute the IS failure structure. It was found that about a half of categories identified were related to technical failures such as network and system infrastructure, costs, data/information, and program errors. The other remaining categories were related with organizational or social problems such as business success, human resources, relationships, communication, and user skills.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.14 no.4 s.58
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• pp.1-9
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• 1999

In this paper, we summarize the lessons learned from the applications of the software reliability engineering to a large-scale software project. The considered software is the software system of the TDX-10 ISDN switching system. The considered software consists of many components, called functional blocks. These functional blocks serve as the unit of coding and test. The software is continuing to be developed by adding new functional blocks. We are mainly concerned with the analysis of the effects of these software components to software reliability and with the analysis of the reliability evolution. We analyze the static characteristics of the software related to software reliability using failure data collected during system test. We also discussed a pattern which represents a local and global growth of the software reliability as version evolves. To find the pattern of software of the TDX-10 ISDN system, we apply the S-shaped model to a collection of failure data sets of each evolutionary version and the Goel-Okumoto (G-O) model to a grouped overall failure data set. We expect this pattern analysis will be helpful to plan and manage necessary human/resources for a new similar software project which is developed under the same developing circumstances by estimating the total software failures with respect to its size and time.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.133-149
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• 2004

This study investigates the worksite resources and programs for health promotion services, especially in areas of smoking cessation and acohol-reducing. Health promotion program is important for employees and employers to promote their productivity and enhance their quality of life. To explain the worksite health promotion programs, a three-stage survey model was established and 111 worksites filled up the questionnaire. Stages of the model included the supply status of worksite health programs, attitudes to get rid of health risks, and behavioral intentions to provide health promotion programs in the near future. The results of this study are as follows. First, the facility and personnel for health promotion services are not equipped sufficiently in the middle-sized worksites. Second, provided programs are not good enough in both quantity and quality, because most worksites provide inefficient and low-cost programs. Third, worksites provide the programs such as advertisement, education materials especially in large-sized worksites, but not in middle-sized worksites. Therefore, worksites need to be supported with a public institution for efficient programs and continuing legal and systematic support for middle-sized worksites should be emphasized.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.726-732
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• 2004

In this manuscript, a review of the diversity of Chinese indigenous goat breeds according to data from body stature and appearance, chromosome group, blood proteins, DNA molecular markers (mitochondria DNA, random amplified polymorphic DNA, microsatellite DNA, major histocompatibility complex) has been introduced. All of these provide efficient tools for the diversity analysis of Chinese indigenous goat breeds and are very important for biodiversity conservation, restoration of declining goat breeds, the priority defining in Chinese indigenous goat breeds' protection and the selection of nature preservation zones. Many Chinese indigenous goat breeds with small population size in the isolated mountains or reservoir areas are verging the potential threat of extinction, effectively lost with the rapid destroying of ecological environment. On the other hand, as a result of the introduction of modern commercial goat breeds and shortage of effective conservation, some populations, such as Small-xiang goat and Tibetan goat decrease rapidly in number of sires. In the interests of the long-term future of the goat breeds in China, conservation of goat breeds' genetic resources should be considered urgently and some conservation measures should be adopted. In addition, the continuing development of molecular biology will further enhance conservation of diversity of Chinese indigenous goat breeds.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.115-128
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• 1998

Fisheries and merchant marine high school education is the core for human resources of fisheries and merchant marine industries. In the past, fisheries and merchant marine high school education was terminal education producing skilled worker in water area. But fisheries and merchant marine high school education are rater desired on educational role of helping student go on to college and to have continuing education after graduate high school. In this regard, the central purpose of this study was direction of basic composition on the 7th revised curriculum for the fisheries and merchant marine high school. The specific objectives were follow contents, this study present importance for 7th revised curriculum, and comparative analysis by the change of direction of basic composition from 1st revised curriculum to 7th revised curriculum. Also, this study present direction of basic composition on the curriculum in accordance with a change and demand of industrial society. The objective on the 7th revised curriculum for fisheries and merchant high schools is to teach students basic knowledge and skills related to fisheries and merchant marine industries, and self-reliant attitude so that students can get to the successful career roles in the rapidly changing industrial society.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.80-89
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• 1993

Notwithstanding Korea and P. R.China are located in the neighborhood each other geographically, the break of diplomatic relations of them continued a long term, and the difference of ideology and social structure of two countries was acting as a barrier to understand each other in many fields. Two countries established formal diplomatic relation in 1992, and then the interchange and mutual cooperation between both countries are being performed rapidly, but the field of fisheries education and research system is continuing in the early stage yet. It can be easily expected that the interchange and mutual cooperation in the field of fisheries through the ocean contribute not only to the international friendship, but to the rational management of fisheries resources. In accordence with the necessity mentioned above, the author considered the general situation of fisheries education and research system in P. R. China. P. R. China runs two kinds of fisheries education system which are regular and irregular system. The regular education system is the principal means of cultivating fisheries scientists and technicians. And there are three grade levels in regular education : the tasks of which are undertaken by the fisheries universities, fisheries colleges and fisheries high schools. Adult education system in fisheries are of the following types : fishery cadet training courses, evening schools, correspondence courses and broadcasting or TV programs. The fisheries research in P. R. China is undertaken by the research institutes under the Bureau of Aquatic Products, and the basic research of oceanography is undertaken by the oceanographic institutes under the Chinese Academy of Science.