• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
• /
• 제20권6호
• /
• pp.619-624
• /
• 2014

This paper introduces a robot-based learning system which is designed to teach multiplication to children. In addition to a small humanoid and a smart device delivering educational content, we employ a type of mixed-initiative operation which provides enhanced multi-modal cognition to the r-learning system through human intervention. To investigate major factors that influence people's intention to use the r-learning system and to see how the multi-modality affects the connections, we performed a user study based on TAM (Technology Acceptance Model). The results support the fact that the quality of the system and the natural interaction are key factors for the r-learning system to be used, and they also reveal very interesting implications related to the human behaviors.

• Macromolecular Research
• /
• 제15권7호
• /
• pp.605-609
• /
• 2007

The molecular interactions of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and cellulose acetate (CA) were investigated thoroughly via dilute solution viscometry in dimethylformamide (DMF) as a common solvent at $30^{\circ}C$. The intrinsic viscosities and viscometric interaction parameters were experimentally determined for both binary (polymer/dimethylformamide) and ternary (PAN/CA/dimethylformamide) systems. As all investigated PAN/CA ternaries evidenced negative viscometric interaction parameter values $({\Delta}b\;&{\Delta}k<0)$, the existence of repulsive intermolecular interactions was deduced, and PAN/CA blends were assigned as immiscible. Moreover, the results of microscopy photograph analysis indicated that pure PAN film evidences a homophasic structure, and the size of the phase domain increases gradually with increases in CA. In DSC analysis, it was determined that the glass transition temperature of the blend film increased slightly with increases in the CA content of the blend film.

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제36권5호
• /
• pp.539-546
• /
• 1999

Absorbent polymer-cement composites were fabricated by the semi-powder mixing OPC(ordinary Portland cement) with an absorbent polymer. The effects of absorbent polymer on the mechanical properties and the hydration characteristics were observed and the polymer-cement interaction also discussed. Absorbent polymer-cement composites showed the value of total porosity of 8vol% the value of 28 days flexural strength was up to 280 Kgf/cm2 in the case of absorbent polymer-cement composite at 1 wt% absorbent polymer content and microstructure of absorbent polymer-cement composite has been observed more dense than that of OPC paste. Accordingly the permeability of compositewas improved and so the moisture resistance was also increased. Adding polymer did not retard the hydration of OPC. It was considered from the results of IR(infrared) analysis that the functional group of absorbent polymer would be changed from unidentate to bidentate during by the hydration of cement minerals.

• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
• /
• 제8권4호
• /
• pp.607-613
• /
• 2007

Current changes in the written language curriculum have lead to emphasis being placed on the process involved in writing rather than the product. Writing is being viewed as a means of exploration, with text being manipulated in revision until a clear message is conveyed. This study focuses on the use of the computer in written language, as a tool to facilitate learning, increase interaction and alter children's attitudes. Some children from a local primary school participated in a project which gave them access to a computer and guidance during the process of revision. Evaluation of this study showed a two-fold effect. Firstly the writing behaviors of the children developed with their increased involvement in the process. For example, the children began to read what they had written thereby independently evaluating the content. Secondly, arising from this, as a sense of control over their writing was gained the children's attitudes towards writing became more positive.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.29-39
• /
• 1999

The purpose of this investigation was to examine and compare pre-service and in-service elementary school teachers' beliefs about Science-Technology-and Society (STS), particularly beliefs about the nature of science and technology, their interaction within society, and the epistemology of science. Large percentage of pre-service and in-service elementary school teachers were understood to perceive as follows : 1. they regarded the science as 〃Knowledge scheme aiming content'and technology as 'skill for solution of actual problems'. 2. they revealed themselves to perceive tat science/ technology influence our lives through new terms and ideas, that science/ technology is affected by governmental policies and that all the people concerned including scientist and technologist should participate in the course of decision making. 3. they perceived that scientist perform their studies by characteristic abilities and that the studies are affected by their religious viewpoint. Moreover, they were understood to perceive that scientific knowledge are constructed through social interaction. 4. they perceived that scientist discover and develop scientific laws by scientific methods such as verification and certification, and that those scientific laws could be changed later.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제18권9호
• /
• pp.958-961
• /
• 1997

The compatibility and the surface structure of blends of poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (SAN) with either poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) or hydrolyzed PMMA (H-PMMA) were studied in terms of film thickness, interaction, and surface free energy difference on the basis of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), attenuated total reflection Fourier transform IR spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The XPS measurement showed that the surface enrichment of (PMMA/SAN) blends with different AN contents of SAN and with different carboxyl acid contents of PMMA was dependent on the molecular interaction, the surface free energy difference between components and the sample preparation history. It was found that the compatibility of H-PMMA and SAN was reduced with increasing carboxyl acid content of PMMA.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제53권9호
• /
• pp.2990-3002
• /
• 2021

The mechanical interaction between the fuel pellet and the cladding tube of a nuclear fuel rod is a very important for safety studies as this phenomenon could lead to fuel failure and release of radioactivity. To investigate the ductility of cladding tubes used in WWER type nuclear power plants, several mandrel tests were performed in the Centre for Energy Research (EK). This modified mandrel test was used to model the mechanical interaction between the fuel pellet and the cladding using a segmented tool. The tests were conducted at room temperature and at 300 ℃ with inactive as-received and hydrogenated cladding ring samples. The results show a gradual decrease in ductility as the hydrogen content increases, the ductile-brittle transition was seen above 1500 ppm hydrogen absorbed.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.57-63
• /
• 2019

In this paper, we propose a new framework to control VR(Virtual reality) contents in real time using user's mouth-wind and acceleration sensor of mobile device. In VR, user interaction technology is important, but various user interface methods is still lacking. Most of the interaction technologies are hand touch screen touch or motion recognition. We propose a new interface technology that can interact with VR contents in real time using user's mouth-wind method with acceleration sensor. The direction of the mouth-wind is determined using the angle and position between the user and the mobile device, and the control position is adjusted using the acceleration sensor of the mobile device. Noise included in the size of the mouth wind is refined using a simple average filter. In order to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed technology, we show the result of interacting with contents in game and simulation in real time by applying control position and mouth-wind external force to the game.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.95-110
• /
• 2009

The purpose of the study was to develop The Stream Environmental education u-learning contents for elementary school students. For the development of content, the researchers commissioned detailed examination to experts to confirm validity, did a literature review and hosted expert forums. In addition, to enhance accessibility, they asked fairytale writers to develop easier and more valid scenarios and narrations of u-learning contents for elementary school students. The development content is for 18 hours of education and has three sections: i) Preparation, ii) Exploration, and iii) Arrangement. Since the content has been developed based on SCROM, it is expected to have re-usability, accessibility, compatibility and durability. Based on evaluation criteria of u-learning contents suggested in the research methods, the research group commissioned evaluation to ten experts in environmental education of each school level. Recommendations for applying the content developed in this study and further research are as follows: First, the developed content should be actively promoted and provided both online and offline so that elementary school students can fully utilize them. To this end, the website of the Ministry of Environment and u-learning training centers of universities of education should be used. Since content requires interaction not only between learners of the content but also between learners and operators, additional administrative and financial support should be provided. Second, this study focuses on the development of u-learning contents for elementary school students. Further studies are needed to develop content for secondary school students.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제52권5호
• /
• pp.488-503
• /
• 2024

Shoot waste refers to the parts of trees that are not yet optimally utilized. In this study, we aimed to utilize shoot waste of fast-growing teak (FGT) extracted from the community forest in Wonosari, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia by converting it into charcoal, followed by further conversion into activated carbon. This study was conducted with two treatment factors of the activation process, including thermal treatment (750℃, 850℃, and 950℃) and heating period (30, 60, and 90 min), to determine the best condition for the activation process. Our results indicated a significantly effect of the interaction between thermal treatment and heating period on the moisture content, volatile matter content, ash content, fixed carbon content, and adsorption properties of the produced activated carbon. The highest iodine adsorption capacity of activated carbon is 1,102.57 mg/g, which was produced by thermal treatment at 750℃ and heating period of 30 min. This result fulfilled the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 06-3730-1995 quality standard). Furthermore, the quality parameters of the produced activated carbon include: moisture content of 6.13%; volatile matter content of 17.27%; ash content 5.24%; fixed carbon content of 77.49%; benzene removal efficiency of 8.43%; and methylene blue adsorption capacity of 69.66 mg/g. Based on this study, we concluded that shoot waste of FGT could be classified as a prospective material for developing activated carbon for industrial application.