• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.334-346
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• 2023

An electronic document based on PDF has been widely used in customer communication between an enterprise and a customer to deliver personalized content. However, electronic documents based on PDF in the form of paper layouts are not suitable for mobile environments because of low readability and lack of interactive interaction. Even though HTML is an essential language in a mobile environment, electronic document based on PDF is still used as it has a content integrity verification feature with a digital signature. It means that a user is sacrificing user experience in a mobile environment for content integrity and using paper-layout electronic documents. In this research, we design the Document HTML specification by setting the Document HTML conformance, adding the extended meta tags, and signing the message digest with a digital signature based on public key infrastructure (PKI). Furthermore, we implemented the Document HTML system, which has REST API services to generate and verify the Document HTML, and did experimental verification of the theory. As a result, we have confirmed that the Document HTML has both content integrity and user experience on mobile. Furthermore, the Document HTML is expected to be an alternative document format to deliver personalized content from an enterprise to a customer in a mobile environment instead of the paper layout electronic document such as PDF.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.27-54
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• 1996

The purpose of the study was to identify the degree of social support and burden in mothers of children with cancer, and to determine a strategy of an effective social support utility for burden relief in these mothers. The subjects of this study were consisted of mothers of cancer children, registered at a'C'University affiliated hospital in Taejon. The data was collected from July 1 to August 31, 1994. Three instruments were used to collect the data : a semi-structured interview questionnaire which was developed by the researcher was used to identify the content of the mother's burden, a Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) that had a 10cm horizontal line was used to measure the degree of mother's burden and the PRQ part I & part Ⅱ were used to measure the degree of mother's social support. The content of mother's burden collected through in depth interviews was analyzed using content analysis. Also burden and social support data were analyzed by SAS program. The result of this study were summarized as follows : 1. The data on burden content from the interview were categorized as psychological, physiological, family interaction with maternal role, financial burden and personal interaction with social relational burden. 2. The degree of burden measured by VAS had a mean of 8.04(range from 0.5 to 10). 3. The score for social support measured by PRQ part Ⅱ had a mean of 88.9(range from 71 to 113). The highest scores was for reassurance of worth. The lowest score was for opportunity for nuturance. Most of the 15 mothers received the greatest amount of support from their sisters, spouse, friends, neighbors, relations, priest were perceived as eaningful resource person. 4. The correlation coefficient of burden and social support was somewhat negative correlation but no statistical significance(r=-.072). Therefore, a further study is necessary to repeat the qualitative research for exploring factor to be affected family caregiver's burden according to disease proceeding stage. On the basis of the results from this study, future research will be promoted valid and reliable tool development. Through this study, nurses understand and assess the individual psychologic burden and further it would be recommendated to produce professional education program for pediatric oncologic specialist nurse.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.249-259
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• 2019

We investigated the tritrophic interactions associated with elevation and openness of dwarf bamboo (Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai) vegetation on Mt. Halla, Jeju Island. The interactions between dwarf bamboo plants and its consumers were investigated in four study sites with and without canopy along the elevation gradient. The ecological traits of dwarf bamboo included leaf area, water content, nitrogen content and carbon/nitrogen ratio. Arthropods were collected using a sweeping net and they were later divided into three different feeding guilds: herbivorous, omnivorous and predators. We found that the elevation and canopy openness on dwarf bamboo vegetation was positively related and as elevation increased and canopy opened, the bamboo densities and C/N ratio increased. However, the leaf area, water content and the N content decreased. The study sites with closed canopy indicated a relatively higher species richness of arthropods including insects. We concluded that the tritrophic interactions is closely related to the ecological characteristics of the dwarf bamboos, which is affected by elevation and canopy openness.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.663-668
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• 2017

This study was conducted to examine the possibility of developing a drawing course in online education and to assess the satisfaction and dissatisfaction of students. The drawing class consisted of a conceptual understanding of the drawing, learning actual techniques and performing drawing tasks. This course was rated on the content satisfaction scale and the course evaluation scale when it was developed in 2014 and partially modified in 2016. Both the content satisfaction and lecture evaluation showed similar scores to the average for all subjects in the school. Specifically, 'organization of content' received good reviews, while 'interaction' received a low rating in the content satisfaction scale. Additionally, 'enthusiasm' and 'response sincerity of teacher' received high ratings, but 'overall satisfaction' was low in the course evaluation scale. Finally, the self-assessment of students was also low. These results indicate that students want more practice and more active interactions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.1177-1181
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• 2003

This study investigated the effects of cod liver oil and chromium picolinate on the serum traits and egg yolk fatty acids and cholesterol content in laying hens. One hundred 45-week old single comb white Leghorn laying hens were assigned randomly to four groups. These groups were: (1) control (soybean oil), (2) 1,000 ppb (${\mu}g/kg$) chromium (organic form chromium picolinate) (Crpic), (3) 3% cod liver oil (CLO), and (4) 1,000 ppb chromium with 3% cod liver oil (CLO+Crpic). The experiment was conducted for 40 days. Results indicated that serum triacylglycerol (TG) and cholesterol contents in the CLO group and the serum glucose content in the Crpic group were significantly lower than those in the control group (p<0.05-0.01). The yolk cholesterol content in the CLO and Crpic groups were also lower than the control group (p<0.01). The lipoprotein profile displayed that in the Crpic group, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) were significantly higher (P<0.05) than the control group. Meanwhile, low-density lipoprotein+very low-density lipoprotein (LDL+VLDL) and LDL-C+VLDL-C were significantly lower (p<0.05) than the control group. Notably, of all four groups, the CLO group displayed a more profound effect on serum traits and lipoprotein (p<0.05-0.001). Furthermore, the fatty acid composition of the egg yolks presented that C18:2 in the CLO and Crpic groups was significantly lower (p<0.05-0.001) compare to the control. However, only in the CLO group, C18:3, C20:5 and C22:6 were significantly higher (p<0.001) than the control. Only serum glucose and LDL+VLDL showed the CLO${\times}$Crpic interaction (p<0.05), most parameters did not. Therefore, supplemented chromium picolinate or cod liver oil in the diet of laying hens had beneficial effects. However, when these two factors were combined, there was no interaction with most parameters.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.101-110
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to elucidate the source of U anormaly formed in stream water of the drainage system around the Shinbo talc mine area based on the hydrochemical properties of water masses including surface water and groundwater. The hydrochemical properties of water masses in the Shinbo talc mine area are divide into three types; Type I : $Ca(Mg)SO_4$ type with high U content as shown in the stream water flowout from the mine, Type II : $Ca(HCO_3)_2$ type with high U content as in deep groundwater, Type III : $Ca(HCO_3)_2$, type with low U content as in the other stream water and shallow groundwater. It is necessary to emphasize that in deducing the uranium source, a distinct discrimination between type I and type II is showed in their hydrothermal properties in spite of commonly having a high uranium content, which in turn means the occurrence of a different water-rock interaction processes between both type. All evidences suggest that type II groundwater have acted as a primary media in the transport of uranium and that, as the groundwater flows through the talc mineralization zone, water composition of type II was transformed into that of type I water as the results of a secondary water rock interaction process, caused by imposition of new mineralogically controlled thermodynamic constraints. Consequently, in the viewpoint of hydrochemical exploration, the investigation of the hydrologic circulation system and the hydrogeologic properties for the aquifer of type II groundwater shall be done first of all and will provide a crucial clue on tracing the uranium mineralization zone occurred in the Shinbo talc mine area.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.737-742
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• 2019

This paper is a study on the production of mixedeality contents by realizing AR coloring technology, virtual environment, and VR devices by realizing the interaction in virtual environment. In this study, we designed and produced the content from a fairy tale called 'Cinderella' to produce and demonstrate real mixed reality contents. 'Cinderella' shows 3D modeling in the virtual space using the Oculus Rift, and the modeled shoes can be lifted using Leap-Motion. It is a virtual augmented interaction content for exhibition and experience that can move a specific range from the foot on the treadmill. In this paper, we try to share the experience of creating new mixed reality game contents, which is a mixture of augmented reality and virtual reality technology, and continuation of universal use of this field.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.243-249
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• 2021

The demand for truck bus radial (TBR) tires with enhanced fuel efficiency and wear resistance have grown in recent years. In addition, as the issue of particulate matter and air pollution increases, efforts are being made to reduce the generation of particulate matter. In this study, we investigated the effect of varying the content of butadiene rubber (BR) on the properties of the rubber compounds and the amount of particulate matter in the TBR tire tread compound. Furthermore, we utilized carbon black in the NR/BR blend compounds owing to its excellent compatibility, and we used silica in the ENR-25/BR blend compounds because it can interact chemically with epoxide groups. The NR/BR blend compounds and the ENR-25/BR blend compounds were evaluated by varying their BR content between 20 phr and 30 phr. The results showed that the ENR-25/BR blend compounds had superior wear resistance than the NR/BR blend compounds. This was caused by the interaction between silica and ENR. In addition, it was confirmed that the increased wear resistance as the BR content increased. Furthermore, compared to the NR/BR blend compounds, ENR-25/BR blend compounds exhibited a lower tan 𝛿 value at 60℃ because silica was used as filler. This indicates a higher fuel efficiency. The measurement results for wear particulate matter showed that as increasing the BR content resulted in generation of less wear particulate matter. This was caused by the increased wear resistance. Moreover, the ENR-25/BR blend compounds with excellent filler-rubber interaction exhibited lower quantities of generated wear particulate matters as compared to the NR/BR blend compounds.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.311-327
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• 2021

Background and objective: Recent urban agriculture meets the needs of urban residents that safety and avoids using chemical pesticides. This study was conducted to identify various factors of companion planting affecting the growth of cherry tomatoes, which will promoting urban agriculture by improving socioeconomic satisfaction with gardening activities through quality. Methods: Four types of companion plants such as marigold, zinnia, spearmint and basil, that have a companion effect with growth, sugar content, and vitamin C content. We obtained the mean and standard deviation and tested the significance at a 95% confidence level (p < .05) with Duncan's multiple range test after one way ANOVA and MANOVA. Results: Compared to monoculture of cherry tomatoes, the plant growth in the treatment plots with companion planting showed a significant increase overall(p < .05), but there wasn't interaction effect among companion plants, planting ratio and type. As for the absorption of inorganic components, the companion planting showed better absorption than monoculture of cherry tomatoes, as favorable growth, and there was an interaction effect among the individual factors. The sugar content was higher than the standard sugar content of 5.8 brix in both the treatment plots at the control, and vitamin C content was higher than the control at 26.27mg/100g in all treatment plots, but there wasn't statistically significant difference. The soil pH in the cultivation plot ranges from 5.5 to 9.0 and was weakly alkaline in all treatment plots except zinnia, showing low contents of phosphoric acid, exchageable potassium, calcium and magnesium. Conclusion: This study was conducted to analyze various factors such as the growth of cherry tomatoes, contents of inorganic components, sugar content and vitamin C content of fruits, and soil analysis according to companion plants, planting type, and planting ratio. We will study sugar content by measuring the change in growth every phase of fruits.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.65-74
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• 2022

Purpose: This paper evaluates which characteristics of marketing communication content distributed on social networks impact electronic word-of-mouth (e-WOM). Research design, data, and methodology: Quantitative research was carried out on 637 Vietnamese people aged from 18, who were exposed to marketing communication programs of fashion brands. Preliminary data were analyzed by the reliability of the scale, multivariate regression analysis, and analysis of variance. Results: The research findings have identified the four characteristics of social media content that positively impact e-WOM, including entertainment, interaction, trendiness, and customization. Participants aged 30 and under have a higher appreciation for media content and e-WOM than those from 31 and over. Conclusion: To promote e-WOM, marketing communication content distributed on social networks should focus on the following characteristics: (1) The entertainment of marketing communication content should involve positive emotions, fun, and enjoyment; (2) With interactive content, focus should be placed on discussion and exchange content, content that encourages sharing, and two-way interactive content; (3) For trending marketing communication content, marketers consider communicating brand-related latest information, up-to-date information, and hot discussion topics; and (4) When creating customized content, brands should be interesting, customized (information, product, price), and unique.