• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.295-300
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• 2019

현대 사회는 융합의 시대이며, 스토리텔링에 있어서도 감성적 이야기와 정보라는 두 가지 유형의 데이터 타입 형태가 융합된 스토리텔링의 필요성이 요구되어지고 있다. 특히, VR 콘텐츠의 경우, $360^{\circ}$ 공간을 자유롭게 탐색하는 과정을 통해서 정보를 선택하는 등, 사용자가 콘텐츠에 직접적으로 관여하게 되며, 이에 즉각적으로 대응할 수 있는 인터랙션(Interaction-상호작용)이 이루어져야 한다. 따라서 기존의 스토리텔링 방식으로의 접근으로는 한계가 있으며, 감성과 정보의 두 영역을 충족시키는 '융합형 스토리텔링'의 구현이 절실한 장르라고 판단되어 진다. 본 논문에서는 VR 콘텐츠의 이해에 있어 특히 공간적 특성을 위주로 살펴본 후, VR 콘텐츠에서 '융합형 스토리텔링'을 효과적으로 구현하기 위한 방안으로, 콘텐츠의 스토리 구조 유형에 대한 고찰을 통하여 VR 콘텐츠에 적합한 스토리텔링 유형을 서클(Circle) 구조로 정리하여 맞춤 시스템을 제안한다. 이를 토대로, 향후에는 진정한 4차 산업혁명 시대의 VR 콘텐츠와 인터랙션을 위한 컨텍스트(context) 인식 과정을 활용하여 기술이 감성과 정보의 두 가지 영역을 충족시키는 개인 맞춤형 시스템의 연구로 발전되어질 것을 기대한다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.74-79
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• 2024

Patient-physician interaction (PPI) is an important area in medical education, but in-depth discussions on the content of the outcome of patient-doctor education are rare. Therefore, in this study, we will systematically analyze the research on PPI education in Korea. In this study, papers searched with keywords related to PPI education from Korea's academic journal service were targeted according to a systematic literature analysis method. The scope of the study was to include papers published in academic journals that are candidates for Korea Citation Index registration, excluding dissertations, research reports, posters, conference presentations, books, and internet materials. The content included papers targeting medical education and medical school students was set as the range. As a result of the analysis, although communication between PPI has many positive effects in the PPI in medical education at medical schools, obstacles do occur, and various ways to overcome them were suggested. Therefore, although medical interview training between patients and doctors in medical schools is necessary, it was analyzed as being based on overseas research or lacking in specific content. The core of PPI education appears to be medical interviews, and it seems necessary to discuss whether empathy or patient-centered medical care are appropriate as the main principles of PPI education in Korea. Therefore, education on the patient-doctor relationship is an important element in medical humanities and medical humanities education, and it is expected that research and education on this will progress more actively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.583-589
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• 1994

In order to study the interrelationships of calcium (0.45 vs. 0.90%), phosphorus (0.40 vs. 0.70%) and protein (17, 20, 23%), $2{\times}2{\times}3$ factorial design was employed. A total of 480 broilers (Hisex-Hibro) aged 3 days were fed the experimental diets for a period of 28 days. Body weight gain, daily feed intake and feed efficiency were investigated for the simple effects, first order interaction and second order interaction of the dietary factors. These effects were also applied to bone ash retention, percent Ca in bone & ash, percent P in bone & ash, and protein utilizability. Results were as follows. 1) For body weight gain, simple effects of dietary levels of Ca, P, CP were found to be significant (p<0.05). Body weight gain at 0.90% Ca level was improved as the dietary CP levels increased. For the feed intake, single effects of dietary levels of both P and CP were found (p<0.05). Feed efficiency was improved as the dietary CP and P levels increased. Ca $\times$ P interaction was found to be significant for body weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency (p<0.05), however, Ca $\times$ P $\times$ CP interaction effect was not found. 2) Protein utilizability decreased as the dietary CP level increased (p<0.01). 3) 0.90% Ca in diet showed less bone ash retention than 0.45% Ca level. And, increasing the dietary P level resulted in increased bone ash retention. Increasing the dietary P level resulted in increased bone Ca retention (p<0.01) and increased bone P retention (p<0.05). Dietary CP levels had significant (p<0.01) effect on bone Ca retention except for 23% CP level. Increasing the dietary Ca level resulted in wider Ca:P ratio of bone, but increasing the dietary P level resulted in narrower Ca:P ratio of bone. 4. Ca $\times$ P interaction effects were found to be significant (p<0.01) for bone ash, bone Ca & P, ash P content, and bone Ca:P ratio. Ca $\times$ P $\times$ CP interaction effects were found for bone ash (p<0.01), bone Ca (p<0.05) and bone P content (p<0.01).

• 아동학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.217-236
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether preschoolers' peer interaction type and level differ depending on pair compositon and task type. Preschoolers' peer interaction type and level were compared among three kinds of pair compositions(with a Younger peer, with a same-age peer, and with an older peer) as well as between two types of tasks(tasks involving real objects, and tasks involving pictures). Subjects were seventy-eight four-year-old children recruited from six child-care centers in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. The preschoolers were randomly assigned to one of the three kinds of pair compositions. Interaction processes of the pairs were recorded by a video camera, and the scenes were transcribed for content analyses. The traniscribed peer interactions were coded according to the categories that the researcher had generated. Statistical methods used for the data analysis were frequencies, percentiles, means, standard deviations, repeated measures ANOVA, paired t-tests, one-way ANOVA. Major findings of this study were as follows: There were significant differences preschoolers' in interaction type depending on the pair compositions and the types of tasks. The preschoolers paired with the older peer used abstract collaborative explanations more frequently than in two other types of pair composition. The preschoolers paired with the younger peer used explanations without collaboration and parallel behaviors more frequently than in two other types of pair composition.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.693-701
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• 2003

In order to evaluate the nutritive value of the forage plants in South Sulawesi, Indonesia, 266 samples (61 grasses and 65 legumes grown in the dry season, 60 grasses and 80 legumes grown in the rainy season) were collected from the highland and lowland in 1998 to 2000, and were subjected to the determination of chemical composition and digestibility. The least-squares analysis of variance demonstrated that the in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of grasses was not significantly affected by season or altitude. On the other hand, the some proximate components and cell wall components were significantly affected by season and altitude including the season${\times}$altitude interaction. For the legumes, the in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility (IVNDFD) and cellulose content were significantly affected by season. On the other hand, the ether extract (EE) content was significantly affected by season and altitude. The interaction of the season${\times}$altitude for IVDMD, of the year${\times}$season for some proximate components and of the year${\times}$season and the season${\times}$altitude for some cell wall components were significant. These results indicate that the forages grown at highland in dry season have a relatively high quality. The means of the total digestible nutrient (TDN) content estimated from IVDMD in grasses and in legumes were 50.3% and 57.4%, respectively, and the crude protein contents were 7.7% and 17.6%, respectively. The correlation coefficients between IVDMD and the contents of crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber were relatively high in all of forage plants, suggesting that these components would provide an accurate prediction of digestibility or TDN content. A close relationship between IVNDFD and lignin content indicates that the lignin would be the most accurate predictor of cell wall digestibility.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.38-43
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• 2000

The environment in which a given genotype is grown may influence its grain quality characteristics. When varieties are $\times$ evaluated over numerous environments, a variety environment interaction usually is observed, but the relative magnitude of environmental(E), genetic(G), and G $\times$ E effects on quality is unclear. In order to determine relative contribution of genotype, environment, and G $\times$ E interaction to the variations observed in grain quality characteristics, 18 Korean wheat cultivars and experimental lines were evaluated in two environments in 1998 and 1999. Correlation coefficients between grain quality and agronomic characteristics were also estimated. The analysis of variance for the optical density obtained by reaction bet- ween gliadin and anti-gliadin polyclonal antibody (AGPab) indicated that gliadin content measured by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay(ELISA) was significantly in- fluenced by environment and cultivar differences. The significant differences of year and year $\times$ location were also found. The ratio of the variances associated with environmental effects to the variances associated with genetic effect gave relatively greater influence of environmental factor on gliadin content. The different protein content from same genotype grown in different environment might be associated with degree of storage protein accumulations. Significant relationships between ELISA and protein content, yield, ten spike weight, and ten spike number were detected. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity was significantly influenced by year, location, cultivar and year $\times$ location. The variance in grain PPO activities among growing years appeared larger than the variation produced by the cultivar examined. This suggested that the growing environment contributed more to variability in grain PPO concentration.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.319-326
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• 2022

Background: As the internet usage becomes easily accessible, the patients are more frequently searching about diseases and medical/non-medical treatments. Considering that complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a debilitating disease, it is important to check the information that patients are accessing. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the reliability, sufficiency, and accuracy of the YouTube videos about CRPS. Methods: This study is a descriptive research which is derived by searching videos using the keyword 'complex regional pain syndrome' on YouTube. Relevance-based sequencing was used to sort the videos. Sources and video parameters were documented. To evaluate the accuracy, reliability and content quality of the videos, Global Quality Score, Journal of American Medical Association Benchmark Criteria and Modified DISCERN Questionnaire scales were used. Results: A total of 167 videos were included in this study. The majority of the videos originated from USA (80.2%, n = 134). The median number of views was 639 and the viewing rate was 73.3. Most of the videos had partially sufficient data and the interaction index viewing rate parameters for videos with high content quality were greater than videos with low content quality (P = 0.010, P = 0.014). Conclusions: Our results showed that videos about CRPS on YouTube mostly had partially sufficient data and include intermediate-high quality contents. Moreover, high-content quality videos had higher viewing rates, interaction indexes, number of likes, longer durations, as well as better reliability and accuracy scores. Videos with high quality and reliable content are needed to reduce misinformation about CRPS.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.88-94
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• 2022

The relationship between sound and vision was experimentally confirmed by physicist Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni as early as the 18th century and formally entered into systematic research. With the development of emerging media technology, sound reactive type visual content is not limited to a single visual interaction based on the vibration of sound, and its visual content shows a diversified and scalable development trend according to different purposes in many fields. This study analyzes the development and changes of sound visual art contents from early stage to modernization, and analyzes the development characteristic of sound visual art content in different fields and scene environments influence by interactive media, new media technologies and devices by means of case analysis. Through this research, it is expected that the sound reactive type visual art content can continue to develop and extend in the existing fields, while explore the scalability of the application of sound reactive type visual art content in more fields.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.180-187
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• 2023

The skin is a dynamic ecosystem on which diverse microbes reside. The interkingdom interaction between microbial species in the skin microbiota is thought to influence the health and disease of the skin although the roles of the intra- and interkingdom interactions remain to be elucidated. In this context, the interactions between Malassezia and Staphylococcus, the most dominant microorganisms in the skin microbiota, have gained attention. This study investigated how the interaction between Malassezia and Staphylococcus affected the antifungal susceptibility of the fungus to the azole antifungal drug ketoconazole. The susceptibility was significantly decreased when Malassezia was co-cultured with Staphylococcus. We found that acidification of the environment by organic acids produced by Staphylococcus influenced the decrease of the ketoconazole susceptibility of M. restricta in the co-culturing condition. Furthermore, our data demonstrated that the significant increased ergosterol content and cell membrane and wall thickness of the M. restricta cells grown in the acidic environment may be the main cause of the altered azole susceptibility of the fungus. Overall, our study suggests that the interaction between Malassezia and Staphylococcus influences the antifungal susceptibility of the fungus and that pH has a critical role in the polymicrobial interaction in the skin environment.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.75-87
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• 2021

본 연구는 가상현실 안전교육 콘텐츠의 기획과 제작에 참고할 수 있도록 내용 구성 단계별 인터랙션 디자인 특성을 도출하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 선행연구를 토대로 VR 안전교육 콘텐츠 구성의 특성과 VR 사용자 인터페이스의 분류, 인터랙션 유형, 인터랙션 방식, 인터랙션 구성 요소들의 관계를 정리하여 인터페이스의 관계 분석 틀을 제시하였으며, VR안전교육 콘텐츠 사례 분석을 통해 비상 상황 대응절차 지식의 습득, 사고 상황 체험 학습 그리고 내용의 확인 및 평가의 세 가지 구성단계에서 각각 다음과 같은 상호작용 디자인 특징을 가지고 있음을 확인하였다. 첫째, 학습자 체험단계에서 교육 핵심 체험을 강조하기 위하여 행위 충실도를 높이고 일반적이고 반복적인 행동은 간략하게 축소하여 체험의 질을 조절하는 것이 드러났다. 둘째, 학습자가 생소한 환경에서 안전 행동 절차에 대한 정보 습득을 위하여 주요 상호작용 대상물을 쉽게 인지할 수 있도록 공간UI나 화살표나 상징을 활용한 기표, 행위를 구체적으로 지시하는 게시글 및 다감각 신호를 활용하여 사용자 체험 자유도를 낮추는 방식으로 필수 행위를 강조하고 인지적 인터랙션을 위한 비사실적 방식 인터랙션 비중이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 체험의 확인과 평가 단계에서 사고 상황 후 신체손상 등의 부정적 경험을 은유적으로 경험하도록 하는 메타UI를 활용하고 3인칭 시점이나 반복재생의 방식으로 학습자의 체험을 객관적 시각으로 환기하는 것이 활용되었다. 또한 이러한 특성과 관련하여 인터랙션 차원에 따른 요소들의 관계를 도출하여 제시하였다.