• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.46-61
• /
• 2018

The mobile social networking application Instagram is a well-known platform for sharing photos and videos. Since it is folksonomy-oriented, it provides the possibility for image indexing and knowledge representation through the assignment of hashtags to posted content. The purpose of this study is to analyze how Instagram users tag their pictures regarding different kinds of picture and hashtag categories. For such a content analysis, a distinction is made between Food, Pets, Selfies, Friends, Activity, Art, Fashion, Quotes (captioned photos), Landscape, and Architecture image categories as well as Content-relatedness (ofness, aboutness, and iconology), Emotiveness, Isness, Performativeness, Fakeness, "Insta"-Tags, and Sentences as hashtag categories. Altogether, 14,649 hashtags of 1,000 Instagram images were intellectually analyzed (100 pictures for each image category). Research questions are stated as follows: RQ1: Are there any differences in relative frequencies of hashtags in the picture categories? On average the number of hashtags per picture is 15. Lowest average values received the categories Selfie (average 10.9 tags per picture) and Friends (average 11.7 tags per picture); for highest, the categories Pet (average 18.6 tags), Fashion (average 17.6 tags), and Landscape (average 16.8 tags). RQ2: Given a picture category, what is the distribution of hashtag categories; and given a hashtag category, what is the distribution of picture categories? 60.20% of all hashtags were classified into the category Content-relatedness. Categories Emotiveness (about 4.38%) and Sentences (0.99%) were less often frequent. RQ3: Is there any association between image categories and hashtag categories? A statistically significant association between hashtag categories and image categories on Instagram exists, as a chi-square test of independence shows. This study enables a first broad overview on the tagging behavior of Instagram users and is not limited to a specific hashtag or picture motive, like previous studies.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.7 no.12
• /
• pp.3149-3165
• /
• 2013

Content based image retrieval is increasingly gaining popularity among image repository systems as images are a big source of digital communication and information sharing. Identification of image content is done through feature extraction which is the key operation for a successful content based image retrieval system. In this paper content based image retrieval system has been developed by adopting a strategy of combining multiple features of shape, color and relevance feedback. Shape is served as a primary operation to identify images whereas color and relevance feedback have been used as supporting features to make the system more efficient and accurate. Shape features are estimated through second derivative, least square polynomial and shapes coding methods. Color is estimated through max-min mean of neighborhood intensities. A new technique has been introduced for relevance feedback without bothering the user.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.65-84
• /
• 2017

Three most popular information services, Periscope, Ustream, and YouNow, vicarious for all Social Live-Streaming Services (SLSSs), are investigated to analyze their streamers' motivations and the user-generated content. Additionally, we collected demographic data (gender and age). More than 7,500 streams by users from the U.S., Germany, and Japan were observed. Main streamer motivations on SLSSs are boredom, socializing, the need to reach a specific group, the need to communicate, and fun. Important content categories on all three SLSSs are chatting, sharing information, 24/7, and 'slice of life.' We were able to identify differences between users from the U.S., Germany, and Japan as well as between the users of Periscope, Ustream, and YouNow. The main motive to stream in the U.S. is to reach a specific group, while in Japan it is socializing, and in Germany boredom. The top content category for both, YouNow as well as Periscope, is to chat; on Ustream it is 24/7 (i.e., webcams).

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.389-407
• /
• 2020

With YouTube's overwhelming share of the market, research on analyzing the types of content on YouTube is essential. An analysis of major global fashion YouTubers that the types of video content could be largely classified into three main categories: Fashion, beauty and daily life. The fashion category was subdivided into styling and fashion product review content type. The beauty category was subdivided into tutorials, beauty product reviews, and beauty tip content types. The daily life category was subdivided into daily sharing, consultation, and Q & A content types. Video content within fashion YouTuber channels is accompanied by expertise in fashion and beauty. At the same time, videos on daily life are uploaded, and through interactive communication with viewers, YouTubers form an intimate bond with subscribers. Content emphasizing entertainment, not just information delivery that introduces fashion products, is attracting growing interest among subscribers. This study analyzed the content of the increasingly popular fashion YouTuber channels and determined its important characteristics. The study makes a significant contribution to academic research by laying a foundation for future studies of YouTube content in the fashion field. Since differences in country of birth and race among YouTubers may influence content production, follow-up research will be conducted on the types and characteristics of domestic fashion YouTubers.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
• /
• 2003.11a
• /
• pp.53-56
• /
• 2003

Aiming at importance of geodetic data standards in process of digitized geodetic production, application and service, this paper discusses the content framework of geodetic technical base standard, information system standard and data service standard. Hierarchy relation and category relation of geodetic data standard system are established in this paper.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
• /
• v.46 no.1
• /
• pp.96-102
• /
• 2009

Due to the rapid growth of the Internet, it is possible to distribute the digital content efficiently. However, the need for image data protection and secret communication technique is also on the rise because of an infringement of the copyright by malicious attackers. Shamir and Lin-Tsai proposed simple secret image encryption algorithms based on the principle of secret sharing, respectively. However, their secret sharing schemes have a serious problem which can be declined the image quality and it is possible for third party to know embed information. In this paper, we propose a new secret sharing scheme using gray code that can be increased the image quality and security. As a result of our experiment, the proposed scheme is not only shown of good image quality and but also provide enhanced security compare with Shamir and Lin-Tasi's schemes.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.16 no.10
• /
• pp.79-87
• /
• 2018

In this study, the evaluation index was developed to design the project evaluation model, and the weight was given through the AHP survey. project was evaluated for the first time by using the designed evaluation model for the field appraisal. As a result, it was revealed that the weight of the propriety index of the participant effect and the project content was the highest among 20 indexes. This study is significant in having built a base on which the evaluation system could be stabilized, by developing the integrative project evaluation model of . However, we have yet to adequately address the evaluator's acceptability and efficacy in evaluating indicators. The validity and continuity of the evaluation model will be secured through this.

• Human Ecology Research
• /
• v.51 no.3
• /
• pp.293-306
• /
• 2013

The aim of this study is to examine the effects of the story sharing activity on-conflicting situations by the use of children's story on the theory of mind and peer competences of preschoolers so that appropriate teaching materials can be allocated for the actual preschool education site. The subjects of this study were 46 preschoolers under the age 4 at the attached kindergarten of P University in Pohang City, Gyeongbuk and in which 23 children among them were assigned to a test group and the other 23 to a control group. The collected data was analyzed by SPSS ver. 15.0 program and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficient was yielded to verify the reliability for each scale. The multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was conducted. The analysis results are as follows. First, the story sharing activity on conflict situations by using children's story had a significant effect on the preschoolers' general appearance and actual task as sub-factors of the theory of mind, whereas no significant effects were found regarding the content change task and position change task. Second, the story sharing activity on conflict situations by using children's story had significant effect on the preschoolers' overall sensitivity, insecurity and pro-sociability as sub-factors of the peer competences, whereas no significant effects were found regarding the aggression, exclusivity and anti-sociability.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.87-98
• /
• 2003

In recent years, e-Learning has taken an important position in the field of education. In turn, as the number of e-Learning contents continue to grow, many institutions are facing difficulty how to cut down the cost for content development and to reuse contents once made for the future courses. On of the way to solve this problem is to create technological standard for e-Learning contents and platform, for which e-Learning experts are actively participating around the world. The purpose of the study was to suggest technological standard for sharing e-Learning contents, especially among cyber universities which were established with the Life-long Education Act. To achieve the research objective, at first, we reviewed literatures related to the e-Learning standard, surveyed content management policies in cyber universities, and then made suggestions what to do for the standardization.

• Knowledge Management Research
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.1-17
• /
• 2013

As online communities proliferate, online news sites have received great attention in news media research. Although most of the online news sites provide contents for free, some have adopted the Pay-What-You-Want (PWYW) model by offering a voluntary payment option to the readers. In this study, we investigate the factors which influence subscribers' voluntary payment behavior on an online news site. Drawing upon both the Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) framework and the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM), we hypothesize that appreciation has a direct effect on the subscribers' voluntary payment behavior, whereas central factors (positive emotional content, cognitive content) and peripheral factors (news sharing, news article length) of the news articles have indirect impacts on voluntary payment behavior through the enhanced appreciation. Based on an empirical analysis of 172 news articles from the Korean online news site that adopted the PWYW pricing model (i.e., Ohmynews.com), we find that appreciation plays a critical role in voluntary payment behavior and that peripheral factors have significant impacts on appreciation. However, the impacts of central factors on appreciation are not found. By identifying influencing factors of subscribers' voluntary payment behavior on online news sites for the first time, this paper suggests a prospective alternative profit model for online news providers faced with fierce competition.