• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2004.09a
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• pp.334-337
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• 2004

Groundwater chemistry in Namwon area, Korea, was investigated to understand the contribution of geochemical processes on groundwater chemistry. For this study, a total of 279 groundwater samples were collected from 93 wells distributed over the study area. Higher concentrations of major ions are generally encountered in the shallow alluvial wells, suggesting that these chemicals are originated from the surface contamination sources. Mass balance analysis based on reaction stoichiometry reveals that the water chemistry is regulated by three major chemical processes: weathering of silicate/ carbonate minerals, input of C1/SO$_4$ salts, and nitrate generating processes. The results show that mineral weathering is the most dominating factor regulating the groundwater chemistry. However, the groundwaters with the higher salt concentration indicate the larger mineral weathering effect, suggesting that some part of the mineral weathering effect is also associated with the anthropogenic activities such as limes applied to the cultivated lands, carbonates (CaCO$_3$) in the cement materials.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.62-67
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• 1998

This study was undertaken to find out distribution and contamination sources of microbes on the processing steps and to estimate quality index and shelf life of fried bean curd. It was necessary that the sanitation for water, processing environment and instruments at digestion, formation, cutting and processes after frying must be controlled and microbial growth at digestion and formation must be inhibited, to process efficiently and to improve shelf life of fried bean curd. It was evaluated that quality indexes as to sensory evaluation, especially texture, mold generation and total viable cell counts will be useful to estimate shelf life of fried bean curd and that shelf life of fried bean curd was 6 days.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2016

Bottom sediment pollution with heavy metals of the Sventoji River in Ukmerge, Lithuania using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry is analyzed in this article. During the research, qualitative and quantitative parameters of heavy metal concentrations and their distribution were investigated. This article presents obtained results of study, where bottom sediment samples were examined from both shores of the river of Sventoji. During this research, received data was treated using GIS software, which helped to interpolate the data of concentrations into the research polygon of the river. GIS software also helped to evaluate the urban runoff influence to the bottom sediment quality and exclude sources of pollution. The runoff dischargers which transport surface wastewater to the river were registered before sampling. At the mouth of streams, flowing into the river of Sventoji, additional samples were taken. After comprehensive river bottom sediment research there is a possibility to assess the extent of anthropogenic activity and its impact on the river ecosystem and human health.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2341-2344
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• 2012

The aim of the research was to evaluate the incidence of breast cancer in the ecological areas of Kazakhstan and assess the potential. A retrospective study of 11 years (1999 to 2009) was conducted using descriptive and analytical methods. The incidence of breast cancer was the lowest in the Aral-Syr Darya area ($18.6{\pm}0.80$/100,000), and highest in the Irtysh area ($48.9{\pm}1.90$/100,000), with an increasing trends over time in almost all areas. A direct strong correlation between the degree of contamination with high pollution emissions in the atmosphere from stationary sources and the incidence of breast cancer ($r=0.77{\pm}0.15$; p=0.026). The results indicate an increasing importance of breast cancer in Kazakhstan and an etiological role for environmental pollution.

• Water for future
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.167-178
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• 1996

In designing automatic water quality monitoring networks for a river basin, determination of measurement locations and items is critical to the effectiveness of the total system. In this paper we studied how to decide these two design factors when a monitoring network is designed for the purposse of water quality surveillance and emergency alarm. For measurement locations, candidate sites are chosen based on the intake amount for water supply and the point sources of contamination. Then, detailed locations are decided according to the contaminant flow distance. As for measurement items, characteristics and the accident history of water pollution in the basin must be taken into account. Considering economic aspects, we proposed a two-stage measurement plan: basic components for all locations and selective ones variable for different locations. Proposed methodology is demonstrated through a case study for Nak-dong River Basin.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.205-215
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• 2000

The Anyang River runs through highly industrialized area and joins the lower part of the Han River. loading out large amounts of potential pollutants. Attempts were made to understand geochemical behavior of trace elements in the stream sedimens collected from the bottom of the river and the stream water. Bottom sediments, suspended solids and stream waters were collected and analysed for the chemical and mineralogical composition. Heavy metals including Cr, Zn, Ni, and Co in the sediments were enriched appeared to reflect anthropogenic input. Pb, Cu, As were also enriched between several to 10 times , compared to background levels. Although some heavy metals were derived from anthropogeic input, geochemical associations seem to implyh much of the elements are originated from natural sources as well, mainly from granitic rocks . This is also supported by the mineralogical composition of the suspended solids, which are mainly composed of quartz, feldspar and mica. Most of the elements are associated with total carbon and clay sized fractions, with high values of correlation coefficient. Most of the elements are associated with total carbon and clay sized fractions , with high values of correlation coefficient. It was noteworthy that Hg was detected between 2 and 4 ppb in the stream water.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.783-790
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to suggest the alternative measures to properly manage the water quality of Lake Euiam, Chuncheon. Current pollution level of Gongji stream (influent to Lake Euiam) and sources of contamination in Lake Euiam were investigated. Particle size, organic matter and nutrient contents, heavy metals were analyzed for sediment samples taken from lower region of Gongji stream. Average organic matter content of nine sediment samples was 5.7%, and for nitrogen and phosphorus it was 750 mg/kg and 977mg/kg, respectively. Heavy metals including aluminum, iron, manganese and zinc were measured, whereas Cd and As were not detected. Effluent from Chuncheon Wastewater Treatment Plant appeared to be one of the main cause of organic matter and nutrients level in Lake Euiam. Inhibition of primary production and consequent reduction of organic matter content within the Lake should be a key measure to protect the water quality of Lake Euiam. Preventive measures to reduce the level of nutrients in wastewater treatment effluent were found necessary.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.561-568
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• 2019

Objectives: The most commonly detected heavy metals in rocks and soils, including Pb, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn and As, are representative pollutants discharged from abandoned mines and have been listed as potential sources of contamination in drinking water. This study focused on increasing the removal efficiency of heavy metals from drinking water resources by surface modification of natural adsorbents to reduce potential health risks. Methods: Iron oxide coating and graft polymerization with zeolites and talc was conducted for bipolar surface modification to increase the combining capacity of heavy metals for their removal from water. The removal efficiency of heavy metals was measured before and after the surface modification. Results: The removal efficiency of Pb, Cu, and Cd by surface modified zeolite showed 100, 92, and 61.5%, respectively, increases compared to 64, 64, and 38% for non-modified zeolite. This implies that bipolar surface modified natural adsorbents have a good potential use in heavy metal removal. The more interesting finding is the removal increase for As, which has both cation and anion characteristics showing 27% removal efficiency where as non-modified zeolite showed only 2% removal. Conclusions: Zeolite is one of the most widely used adsorptive materials in water treatment processes and bipolar surface modification of zeolite increases its applicability in the removal of heavy metals, especially As.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.335-343
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• 2012

Mercury is emitted to the atmosphere from various natural and anthropogenic sources, and degrades with difficulty in the environment. Mercury exists as various species, mainly elemental ($Hg^0$) and divalent ($Hg^{2+}$) mercury depending on its oxidation states in air and water. Mercury emitted to the atmosphere can be deposited into aqueous environments by wet and dry depositions, and some can be re-emitted into the atmosphere. The deposited mercury species, mainly $Hg^{2+}$, can react with various organic compounds in water and sediment by biotic reactions mediated by sulfur-reducing bacteria, and abiotic reactions mediated by sunlight photolysis, resulting in conversion into organic mercury such as methylmercury (MeHg). MeHg can be bioaccumulated through the food web in the ecosystem, finally exposing humans who consume fish. For a better understanding of how humans are exposed to mercury in the environment, this review paper summarizes the mechanisms of emission, fate and transport, speciation chemistry, bioaccumulation, levels of contamination in environmental media, and finally exposure assessment of humans.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.657-661
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• 2011

The chlorinated dioxins and furans have attracted considerable scientific and public concern because of their environmental persistence and super-toxicity through the foodchain. Recent dioxin scandals in several military bases have also contributed to a higher awareness on the side of food consumers as well as foodwaste combustion. However, there is continuing uncertainty over the relative importance of different sources of dioxins and furans to the soil environment. In difference to those awareness there is a main influence of potential soil contamination on the dioxin contents in groundwater. It is, therefore, important to provide a sound scientific framework and basis by which to evaluate the significance of the presence of dioxin in soils. Consequently, we have to identify the characteristics and nature of dioxin released into the soil environment, especially in agricultural aspect.