• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.641-645
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• 2015

Fascioliasis, a food-borne trematode zoonosis, is a disease primarily in cattle and sheep and occasionally in humans. Water dropwort (Oenanthe javanica), an aquatic perennial herb, is a common second intermediate host of Fasciola, and the fresh stems and leaves are widely used as a seasoning in the Korean diet. However, no information regarding Fasciola species contamination in water dropwort is available. Here, we collected 500 samples of water dropwort in 3 areas in Korea during February and March 2015, and the water dropwort contamination of Fasciola species was monitored by DNA sequencing analysis of the Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica specific mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS-2). Among the 500 samples assessed, the presence of F. hepatica cox1 and 1TS-2 markers were detected in 2 samples, and F. hepatica contamination was confirmed by sequencing analysis. The nucleotide sequences of cox1 PCR products from the 2 F. hepatica-contaminated samples were 96.5% identical to the F. hepatica cox1 sequences in GenBank, whereas F. gigantica cox1 sequences were 46.8% similar with the sequence detected from the cox1 positive samples. However, F. gigantica cox1 and ITS-2 markers were not detected by PCR in the 500 samples of water dropwort. Collectively, in this survey of the water dropwort contamination with Fasciola species, very low prevalence of F. hepatica contamination was detected in the samples.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2022

BACKGROUND: Heavy metals discharged from various sources contaminate the soil and water and the residuals can persistently be accumulated. In this study, the concentration of soil heavy metals was assessed over the whole regions of Korea based on the contamination factor and the geoaccumulation index. METHODS AND RESULTS: The data of averaged concentrations of heavy metals and fluorine were collected from the Korean Statistical Information Service (KOSIS) and the research papers published. In order to classify the levels of heavy metal concentration, the contamination index, including the contamination factor and the geoaccumulation index, based on the relative ratio of the actual concentration of heavy metals in the soil to the background concentration was calculated. In addition, the distribution of heavy metals in soils was visualized by using the geographic information system (GIS). As a result, the Cd contamination in the soils was the most concerned. CONCLUSION(S): This study very roughly indicated the outline of heavy metal concentration over the whole regions of Korea. The change in heavy metals' concentration over the time should further be monitored and the larger data of heavy metal contamination are needed for better understanding in the future.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.685-694
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• 1998

지하수질 감시를 위한 관측은 지하수를 사용하는 주변 인구의 보건은 물론이고 궁극적으로는 지하수자원 보전이라는 측면에서 매우 중요하다. 그러나 지하수 수질관측망은 설계부터 운영에 이르기까지 임의적이고, 체계적이기보다는 경험에 의존하거나 과학적이지 못한 방식으로 시행되고 있는 것이 사실이다. 본 연구는 지하수질 관측망의 효율적 배치를 위한 방법론의 현장적용성을 검토하기 위하여 대표적인 설계방법론을 대상으로 비교연구 하였다. 그 결과, 지하수질 관측망의 설계 시에는 관측망 설치의 목적을 명확히 설정하는 것이 중요하며, 현장정보의 확보수준에 따라 선택될 방법론이 달라져야 함을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 범용관측망 설계기법의 하나인 Integer Programming에 의한 방법과 지하수 정화 목적 관측망 설계기법의 하나인 Cost-to-go 함수 비교법을 동일한 대수층을 대상으로 적용한 결과, 각기 다른 관측정 위치를 얻었으나 요구되는 정보의 양은 비슷하였다. 두 방법 모두 지하수 오염을 모의할 정도의 정보만 확보되면 현장적용이 가능하며, 이를 통해 보다 객관적 근거에 이해 관측망 설계가 이루어질 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2006

한약재는 생산, 가공, 유통과정에서 적절한 보관. 관리가 이루어지지 않으면 미생물 증식 가능성이 크고 이로 인한 부패나 변질이 우려되며 한약 품질 저하를 가져올 수 있다. 한약재 미생물허용한도에 대한 각 나라별 규격기준을 보면 유렵약국, 도일약국에서는 호기성균의 미생물오염한도(microbial contamination limit)를 10 CFU/g 이하로 규격화하고 있다. 또한 미국약국 NF(US phamacopeia & National Formulary)에서는 생약의 미생물 한도치를 유럽약국과 같은 정도의 규격설정을 하고 있다. 특히 일본의 경우 일본약국방(日本藥局方) 및 국방외생약규격집(局方外生藥規格集)에 의해서 한약의 품질을 유지하고 있고, 미생물학적 품질관리 실태조사가 체계적으로 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 3개 지역에서 각각 1곳의 약업사를 정하여 대상품목 총 30종을 선정하였다. 실험의 재료는 문헌과 자료조사에 의해 미생물에 의한 오염이 용이한 품목 18종, 육진약(六陳藥)에 속하는 6종, 그리고 육미지황환을 구성하는 6종을 구입하여 대한약전 8개정의 미생물한도 시험법에 따라 시험하였다. 한약재에 대한 미생물 오염 실태조사를 통하여 미생물 허용한도를 설정하는데 기초 자료로 제시하고자 한다. 한약재 미생물 오염 실태조사 결과 WHO 미생물한도 기준을 적용하였을 때, 전체적으로 진균의 오염이 높은 경향을 보였고 향후 한약재에 대한 미생물오염도 모니터링을 지속적으로 하여야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.342-346
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• 2021

최근 원액상태로 장시간 보관이 용이하고 특유의 향을 유지할 수 있는 콜드브루커피가 남녀노소에게 크게 인기를 얻음에 따라 커피판매업체의 규모와 수가 증가하고 있으며, 명절 선물용으로도 각광을 받고 있다. 콜드브루커피는 차가운 물로 장시간 추출한 커피이므로 세균에 노출될 가능성이 크다. 따라서 본 연구는 시중판매되고 있는 콜드브루커피의 안전성을 조사하여 소비자에게 올바른 정보와 건강한 먹거리를 제공하고자 하였다. 총 75건의 콜드브루커피를 대상으로 식품공전 액상커피의 규격기준(세균수, 대장균군)과 식중독균 9종 및 카페인 함량검사를 실시하였다. 조사한 결과 온라인에서 구매한 9개 제품의 세균수가 규격기준을 크게 초과하여 검출되었으며, 대장균군 및 식중독균 9종은 검출되지 않았다. 또한 조사한 콜드브루 제품의 평균 카페인 함량은 1.6 mg/mL(240 mL 제품의 경우 카페인 384 mg 함유)이며, 카페인 과다 섭취 시 불면증, 신경과민 등 부정적인 작용들이 존재하므로 성인 기준으로 카페인 최대 일일섭취권고량 400 mg/day을 초과하지 않도록 주의가 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

• 환경생물
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.329-335
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• 2004

To develop a biomarker for the monitoring of the contamination of estrogenic endocrine disrupters in the aquatic environment, reverse transcription -polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of vitellogenin (Vg) mRNA expression was optimized in Bombina orientalis, a Korean red bellied toad species. Based on partial cDNA sequences of both Vg and beta actin genes of B. orientalis, specific primers for RT-PCR of Vg and beta actin mRNAs were developed. Semiquantitative RT-PCR of the Vg mRNA in liver was optimized using a beta actin mRNA as an internal control in both sexes. In female RT-PCR using $1\;\mu{g}$ of the liver cDNA resulted in a linear increment in the PCR product of Vg from 18 to 34 cycles of amplification. In male, on the contrary, the RT- PCR product was first detected at 30 cycles of amplification and a linear increment was observed from 30 to 40 cycles of amplification, suggesting that male B. orientalis expresses minute amount of Vg mRNA which is a $2^{-12}$ equivalent of female. In conclusion, the optimized protocol for semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis of Vg mRNA level in B. orientalis male liver will be useful for the environmental monitoring the xenoestrogen contamination in the freshwater environment in Korea.

• 환경생물
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.206-212
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• 2004

In an effort to develop the tools for monitoring the contamination of xenoestrogen in the aquatic environment of Korea, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of vitellogenin (VTG) mRNA expression were optimized in Synechogobius hastus. Based on the partial VTG cDNA sequence VTG mRNA level in livers from male fishes was analyzed by RT-PCR. As an internal control beta actin mRNA was amplified. 3 ${\mu}g$ of total RNA was reverse transcribed in 20 $\mu$l reaction using murine leukemia virus 〔MuLV〕 reverse transcriptase. Subsequent PCR using the 1 ${\mu}g$ of cDNA resulted in linear increase in PCR product of VTG in female liver cDNA from 10 to 30 cycles of amplification. On the contrary, in male, PCR product first detected at 28 cycles of amplification and linearly increased during 38 cycles of amplification, suggesting that male S. hastus expresses minute amount of VTG mRNA which is $2^{-18}$ equivalent of female. In conclusion, the optimized protocol of VTG mRNA expression in the liver of male S. hastus will be promising the environmental monitoring the xenoestrogen contamination in the western coast and estuaries in Korea.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2013

Generally, the radioactivity from NPP(Nuclear Power Plants) operation can be released below 3% of DRLs(Derived Release Limits) to environment. It was tried to understand which plant was efficient for absorbing radioactivity in this study. Pinus thunbergii Parl. and Viburnum awabuki K. KOCH were analyzed for radioisotope absorption. The samples were collected at three different locations depending on the distance from NPP at the vicinity 10km away, and 30km away. Gamma radionuclide was not detected from the samples, which means that the direct transition into the plant was not significant. Meanwhile, the very low level of radioactive tritium was detected in the samples. One remark was that every plant has different ability for tritium absorption. These results are expected to be applied to propagation and transplanting in radioactively contaminated area or reducing radioactivity in the soil and water near the plants.

• 방사선산업학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.147-153
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• 2024

Radioactive liquid waste generated during operation and overhaul is collected and reused through the radioactive liquid waste treatment system and continuous monitoring system in the nuclear power plant or discharged to the outside if it satisfies the limit within the control and monitoring. However, there are concerns about boric acid management, which controls the power output of nuclear power plants in radioactive liquid waste. Due to the behavior of boric acid, it is difficult to remove it in the existing liquid radwaste system, and the concentration of boric acid water discharged tends to be higher than the natural state of 5 ppm, so additional facilities should be considered. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the radiological effects of radioactive waste treatment facilities that are under development and use them as a basis for managing worker exposure and evaluating the safety of facilities in the future.

• 약학회지
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.81-90
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• 2011

Most antineoplastic agents are nonselective in their mechanism of action, affecting noncancerous as well as cancerous cells, and resulting in acute effects such as irritation of mucous membranes and chronic effects such as genotoxicity, teratogenicity, and carcinogenicity. Healthcare workers occupationally exposed to antineoplastic agents are at risk. The present study aimed to develop and apply methods to monitor occupational exposure to antineoplastic agents, using cyclophosphamide (CP) as the model compound. To monitor environmental and biological exposure, potentially contaminated surfaces were wiped and 24 hour urine samples were collected from workers. Liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry was performed, with a limit of detection of 0.05 ng/ml. Measurable amounts of CP were detected on 92% of the sampled surfaces, with a geometric mean of 175.22 $ng/m^2$. Despite the environmental contamination of the model compound, CP was below the detection limit in all urine samples. If workplace contamination cannot be completely avoided, it is importance to reduce exposure to the lowest possible levels. To this aim, efforts to minimize occupational exposure along with biological and environmental monitoring are required. The standardized sampling techniques, and specific and sensitive analytical methods reported in this study may be helpful in assessing occupational exposure and devising strategies to reduce exposure.