• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.27 no.spc
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• pp.1-18
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• 2022

A conceptual site model is used to support decision-making of response strategy development, determination, and implementation within a risk-based contaminated site management system. It aims to provide base information of the relevant site characteristics and surface/subsurface conditions in order to understand the contaminants of concern and the associated risk they pose to the receptors. This study delineated the technical details of conceptual site model development, and discussed the possibility of applying it in domestic subsurface contamination management. Conceptual site models can be developed in various formats such as tables, diagrams, flowcharts, and figures. Contaminated sites are managed for a long period of time following the steps of investigation, remediation design, remediation, verification, and post-remedation management. The conceptual site model can be enhanced in each stage of the contaminated site management based on the continuously updated information on the site's subsurface environment. In the process of enhancement for conceptual site model, precision is gradually improved, and it can evolve from a conceptual and qualitative form to a more quantitatvive and three-dimensional model. In soil pollution management, it is desirable to incorporate the conceptual site model into the soil scrutiny system to better assess the current status of the contaminated site and support follow-up investigation and management.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.31-39
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• 2017

The fundamental study for an application of nanobubble as a soil remediation enhancer on heavy metal contaminated soil was carried out. The existence and long-term stability of hydrogen nanobubbles were investigated by particle analysis and zeta-potential analysis. And the removal efficiency of copper using nanobubble water(NBW) and distilled water(DW) were compared and analyzed through a batch desorption test. As a result, it is confirmed that nanobubble which was fabricated by compression-dissolution type generator can exist for more than 14 days. The results of batch test show that copper removal of NBW was higher than that of DW irrespectively to soil type and increased as solid-liquid ratio and contact time increased, respectively. According to the pH change, the removal of copper on sand was higher on the acid side but the removal difference was slightly lower on the clay. It is considered that a high efficiency of NBW in copper removal is due to the large surface area and high zeta-potential of nanobubbles. Therefore, the nanobubble can be applied to soil remediation for heavy-metal contaminated soil as an eco-friendly enhancer.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.17-22
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• 2006

This paper presents preliminary field investigations on the electrokinetic (EK) remediation coupled with permeable reactive barrier (PRB) system. unregulated and old-fashioned landfills are one of the primary contributors to various contaminated soil problems. In-situ EK remediation technology has been successfully applied to the environs of unregulated landfill site, located in Kyeong-Ki province, Korea. Atomizing slag was adopted as a PRB reactive material for the remediation of groundwater contaminated with inorganic and/or organic substances. From the preliminary investigations, the coupled technology of EK with PRB system would be effecitve to remeidate contaminated grounds without the extraction of pollutants from subsurface due to the reactions between the reactive materials and contaminants.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.36-43
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• 2012

Various methods are used to remediate soil contaminated with heavy metals or petroleum. In recent years, harsh physical and chemical remediation methods are being used to increase remediation efficiency, however, such processes could affect soil properties and degrade the ecological functions of the soil. Effects of soil washing, thermal desorption, and land farming, which are the most frequently used remediation methods, on the physicochemical properties of remediated soil were investigated in this study. For soils smaller than 2 mm, the soil texture were changed from sandy clay loam to sandy loam because of the decrease in the clay content after soil washing, and from loamy sand to sandy loam because of the decrease in the sand content and increase in silt content during thermal desorption, however, the soil texture remained unchanged after land farming process. The water-holding capacity, organic matter content, and total nitrogen concentration of the tested soil decreased after soil washing. A change in soil color and an increase in the available phosphate concentration were observed after thermal desorption. Exchangeable cations, total nitrogen, and available phosphate concentration were found to decrease after land farming; these components were probably used by microorganisms during as well as after the land farming process because microbial processes remain active even after land farming. A study of these changes can provide information useful for the reuse of remediated soil. However, it is insufficient to assess only soil physicochemical properties from the viewpoint of the reuse of remediated soil. Potential risks and ecological functions of remediated soil should also be considered to realize sustainable soil use.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.242-243
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• 2005

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.59-66
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• 2008

A biological study was conducted to evaluate the enhancement of landfarming of soil contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) applying organic composite nutrients and a chemical oxidation during bioremediation. The target value of soil TPH after treatment was 500 mg/kg TPH. Addition of an organic compost and liquid swine manure for the removal of soil THP showed higher efficiency as 84.4% and 92.2% respectively than inorganic nutrients of 80.2%. In addition to the removal of non-biodegradable portion of residual hydrocarbons in soil, a chemical oxidation was applied during tailing period of the biological remediation, which showed high remediation efficiency as 98.1% compared with single bioremediation efficiency of 84.7%.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.335-340
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• 2018

Hemoglobin (Hb) is a member of heme-protein that can perform catalytic non-specific chain reaction in the presence of hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$). Catalytic ability of Hb to degrade pyrene was demonstrated using soil contaminated with $^{14}C$ pyrene and 10 mg pyrene /kg soil. The composition of soil was similar to previously used soil except that it had lower organic carbon content. Bench scale laboratory tests were conducted in the presence of buffer only, $H_2O_2$ only, or Hb with $H_2O_2$ for 24 h. After 24 h reaction, 0.1 and 1.3% of $^{14}C$ pyrene in contaminated soil were mineralized with $H_2O_2$ only or Hb plus $H_2O_2$. No mineralization to $^{14}CO_2$ was detected with buffer only. Approximately 12.2% of pyrene was degraded in the presence of $H_2O_2$ only while 44.0% of pyrene was degraded in the presence of Hb plus $H_2O_2$ during 24 h of catalytic reaction. When degradation intermediate products were examined, two chemicals were observed in the presence of $H_2O_2$ only while 25 chemicals were found in the presence of Hb plus $H_2O_2$. While most degradation products were simple hydrocarbons, four of the 27 chemicals had aromatic rings. However, none of these four chemicals was structurally related to pyrene. These results suggest that Hb catalytic system could be used to treat pyrene-contaminated soil as an efficient and speedy remediation technology. In addition, intermediate products generated by this system are not greatly affected by composition change in soil organic matter content.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.139-143
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• 2014

Catalytic degradation of pentachlorophenol in soil by heme and hydrogen peroxide has been hypothesized to occur through nonspecific catalytic reactions similar to those involving ligninase. The present study examines the evidence for a heme catalytic mechanism for the oxidation of organic compounds. In the presence of hydrogen peroxide, heme is converted to the ferryl heme radical (Hm-$Fe^{+4{\cdot}}$), which can oxidize organic compounds, such as 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA). A second 5-ASA may later be oxidized by ferryl heme (Hm-$Fe^{+4}$), which reverts to the ferric heme state (Hm-$Fe^{+3}$) to complete the cycle. We believe that this catalytic cycle is involved in the degradation of hazardous pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Remediation via heme catalytic reactions of PAHs in soil from a pole yard was evaluated, and about 96% of PAHs was found to disappear within 42 days after treatment with heme and hydrogen peroxide. In addition, benzo[a]pyrene and six other PAHs were undetectable among a total of 16 PAH compounds examined. Therefore, we propose heme catalysis as a novel technology for the remediation of hazardous compounds in contaminated soil.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.1C
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• pp.1-8
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to experimentally analysis the eletrokinetic phenomena and remediation characteristics developed during the application of electrokinetic remediation technique to unsaturated soils contaminated by heavy metals. In the laboratory a series of column tests are performed on degree of saturation for shooting range soil. The test results indicated that Pb is mainly removed under unsaturated conditions by electromigration within diffuse double layer, and if the initial containment concentration is below cation exchange capacity and equals to adsorption per unit soil solid weight, the remedial efficiency decreases with the decreasing of transport efficiency due to the changes in the degree of saturation in the electric gradient of 1V/cm.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.111-120
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• 2016

BACKGROUND: Arsenic (As)-contaminated groundwater used for long-term irrigation has emerged as a serious problem by adding As to soils. Phytoremediation potential of fiber crops viz., kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.), mesta (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), and jute (Corchorus capsularis L.) was studied to clean up As-contaminated soil.METHODS AND RESULTS: Varieties of three fiber crops were selected in this study. Seeds of kenaf, mesta, and jute varieties were germinated in As-contaminated soil. Uptake of As by shoot was significantly higher than that by root in the contaminated soil. In As-contaminated soil, kenaf and mesta varieties accumulated more As, than did jute varieties. In the plant parts above ground, mainly the shoots, the highest As absorption was recorded in kenaf cv. HC-3, followed by kenaf cv. HC-95. Kenaf varieties produced more biomass. In terms of higher plant biomass production, and As absorption, kenaf varieties showed considerable potential to remediate As-contaminated soil.CONCLUSION: The overall As absorption and phytoremediation potentiality of plant varieties were in the order of kenaf cv. HC-3 > kenaf cv. HC-95 > mesta cv. Samu-93 > jute cv. CVE-3 > jute cv. BJC-7370. All varieties of kenaf, mesta, and jute could be considered for an appropriate green plant-based remediation technology in As-contaminated soil.