• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Simulation Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.19-25
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• 2003

Since container throughput is continually increasing, the main issues facing decision-makers at port container terminals are how to expand the existing container terminals and construct new container terminals. Simulations that support user needs require modeling tools that are both easy to use and sufficiently to reflect real world system. The object-oriented approach provides for both reusability and modularity that best fits these requirements. This paper present the design procedure a simulator for port container terminal that was based on the object-oriented approach. The simulator in order to model and simulate the TC-based container terminals is developed.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.417-422
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• 2015

Sea-ports in Northern Vietnam have experienced a rapid growth of container throughput in recent years. To accompany with such development, huge investment also has been performed to enhance not only local port capacity but also the regional logistics system. Container terminals in Northern Vietnam locate centrally along Cam river of Haiphong city, leaving 2 others in Quang Ninh province. Five out of totally 11 container terminals in the area are under the control of Vinalines - a national corporation in field of maritime industry. In this paper, those terminals are classified in terms of location and ownership. The volume of container throughput and facilities of all container terminals in Northern Vietnam from 2005 to 2014 are recorded in order to compare the performance of groups. A Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is then applied to evaluate the relative efficiency of such terminals. Before conclusion, number of suggestions will be contributed to related parties.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.305-310
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• 2016

The sea-port in Northern Vietnam accounts for around one third of the total country's cargo throughput and for many decades has been playing an important role in the logistics system of the country. 11 container terminals currently operate in Northern Vietnam, concentrating in Haiphong city and Quang Ninh province. Despite the increasing demand, the competition among these container terminals has become increasingly more critical. In recent years, massive investments from both government and operators have been made to improve the capability of the local sea-port's logistics infrastructure. This critically needed comprehensive research evaluates the impact of the current logistics infrastructure condition on the competitiveness of terminals and quantitatively compares the competencies of these terminals. In order to meet such requirements, the paper first summarizes the indicators of the logistics infrastructures of the sea ports before developing and testing hypotheses to reveal the correlation between the given factors and the annual throughput of container terminals in the region. Factor analysis will then be applied to score the logistics infrastructure competency of each container terminal. A significant gap between logistics infrastructures among all container terminals was not observed and the competitiveness between container terminals is mostly driven by traditional activities including cargo handling and storage. According to the results, strategic thinking will be needed to contribute to related organizations for better decisions in investment, management, and operation.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.317-328
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• 2016

The steady growth of seaborne trade has resulted in the further development of container ships, ports, and container terminals, and the operating efficiency of a container terminal is a decisive element for its competitive ability in international markets. The aim of this research is to evaluate the relative efficiency of Russian and South Korean container terminals. For this purpose, the output-oriented DEA was applied to 31 container terminals of Russian and South Korean seaports for the years from 2012 to 2014. The results indicate that Korean container terminals exhibited higher efficiency scores than their Russian counterparts.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.319-332
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• 2011

This study concerns the importance of internal marketing, employee's attitude, and customer orientation through the change of port industry and the operational condition of domestic container terminals. In accordance with this, the structural relationship among variables, which are internal marketing, employee's attitude and customer orientation in container terminals need to be acknowledged to secure competitive advantage and to maintain continuous transaction relationship with customer through the empirical research. The purpose of this study is to firstly, understand the current facilities and situation of container terminals in Busan port, and its changing environment of port industry. Secondly, provide basic information through the seeking whether the concept of internal marketing is able to apply into port industry. Thirdly, establish the theoretical system through the literature consideration on internal marketing, employee's attitude and customer orientation in container terminals. Finally, draw useful suggestions for managing container terminals through the structural relationship among variables, which are internal marketing, employee's attitude and customer orientation in container terminals.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.165-166
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• 2015

Due to the international economic downturn and the increasing competition, container terminals have been trying to achieve cost effectiveness and high service levels. Shipping companies want to get better services from container terminals but container terminals only have limited space and equipment. Frequently, too many external trucks come to the terminal at the same time, and create bottle necks at the terminals. Ouside the container terminals traffic jams occur as well. As a result, stakeholders need a vehicle booking system. By VBS, container terminals can plan efficiently in advance to avoid work delay and the truck drivers can finish their jobs quickly. This paper aims to search efficient models for the container terminals by using VBS.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.53-66
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• 1996

Container handling facilities in Korean ports have increased rapidly according to Korean industrialization and the worldwide containerization. Over 98% of total containers handles in Korean ports are handled in Puan ports. This paper presents the estimation method of annual container handling capacity of container terminals by the computer simulation models. Simulation models are developed utilizing SIMAN IV simulation package. Annual handling capacity of real container terminals such as BCTOC and PECT was estimated by the proposed simulation models. Also, Annual handling capaicty of planned or expected terminals in Puan port was estimated. The comparisons between container forecast demand and estimated handling capacity of Pusan port from 1996 through 2001 were made. It showed that Pusan port will have over two million TEU handling capacity shortage during that period and will face enormous port congestion. Lastly, mid term and long-term capacity expansion plansof container terminals in korean ports were discussed.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.311-316
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• 2016

Vietnam is one of Asia's fastest developing economies. A long coastline of nearly 3,500 km provides a comparative advantage for Vietnam in developing a seaport system. Despite accounting for only about 30% of Vietnam's traffic volume, the Northern seaports have rapidly developed over the years. However, the location of the container terminals close to the common hinterland are a cause of fierce competition among container terminals. To outperform rivals and improve competitiveness, it is essential to identify the competitive positions of container terminals. This study analyzes the competitive positioning of container terminals in the northern region of Vietnam between 2005 and 2014 by applying the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) matrix in order to assist terminal operators and policy makers to generate strategic planning as well as to improve priorities for development. Otherwise, the period from 2005-2014 aims to clarify the static and dynamic positioning of container terminals. The results demonstrate that the Hai Phong terminal dominates the market, but the Nam Hai Dinh Vu and Dinh Vu terminals are considered as "star" performers. Quang Ninh, Doan Xa, and Transvina are losing their competitive positions in Northern Vietnam.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.211-232
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• 2013

This study concerns the importance of workforce on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and customer orientation through the change of global logistics industry and the operational condition of Busan port and Busan new port container terminals such as below. The purpose of this study is to firstly, that understand the current facilities and situation of container terminals in Busan port and Busan new port, and its changing environment of port industry. Secondly, provide basic information through the seeking whether the concept of importance of workforce is able to apply into container terminals. Thirdly, establish the theoretical system through the literature consideration on workforce on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and customer orientation in container terminals. Finally, draw useful suggestions for managing container terminals through the structural relationship among variables, which are workforce on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and customer orientation in container terminals.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.141-149
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• 2007

The competitiveness of container terminals hinges on minimizing the time vessels spend in port and on schedule services. Many previous researches on container terminals have tried to optimize the equipment allocation plan and to improve the activity of resources. Nevertheless, there have been few researches conducted on yard tractors, which move containers between the quay and the yard. The aim of this study is to propose the use of Real Time Location Systems (RTLS) based Dynamic Planning for yard tractors. Only RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tags, which are attached to yard tractors, are able to support RTLS implementation. The system can provide real time job ordering in terms of load balancing using the information on location, in regards to the movement of yard tractors. This study will present the practical feasibility of RTLS, which can ultimately reduce the congestion of Hot Queues in container terminals. As a result, container terminals can be more productive and competitive. In order to accomplish the purpose of this study, we examined previous studies on the competitiveness of container terminals and summarized the potential of RTLS using RFID. In addition, we identified the role of yard tractors and proposed the two rules of Dynamic Planning for the yard tractors. We then fulfilled computational experiments on how yard tractors carrying containers by RTLS ordering Finally, the benefits and the implications of this study are discussed.