• 자원환경지질
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.93-105
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• 1985

Whether a skarn deposit in carbonate host occurs in contact with certain igneous mass or not has been a general criterion in identifying the igneous rock that genetically relates to the skarn deposit. It is well known, however, that there are many skarn deposits which are not close to any given igneous contact but are far away from the contact. In this paper the reason why such deposits can be formed at a distance from the contact as mentioned is expressed based on the concept that skarn deposits and related igneous rocks are genetically connected at depth where ore-forming fluids emanate from magma and are removed upwards; the movement of ore-forming fluids separated from magma at any depth may have a tendency to infiltrate upward in bulk rather than to diffuse laterally; the paths of magma and cogenetic ore-forming fluids may be identical at lower depths but the latter can be diverted from the former with upward movement so that the positions of the skarn deposits which resulted from the ore-forming fludis at upper levels can be distant from the igneous contacts on a given horizontal section. Statistics indicate that the majority of exoskarns are found at distances up to 800 meters or rarely up to 3,000 meters from igneous contacts and endoskarns up to 600 meters or more. Numerous case studies of skarn deposits in various parts of the world support the above reasoning indicating a general downward convergency of skarn orebodies and related igneous masses with depth. A typical example of this situation is well demonstrated at the Keumseong molybdenum deposit, which is apart from the Jecheon granite on the surface but gets closer to the granite body with depth and finally is intertongued with the granite apophyses in its root zone. Another case for skarn deposit not associated with igneous contact either laterally or vertically but with a deep-seated distal igneous mass is the Sangdong scheelite deposit; 700 meters below the scheelite orebody a blind pluton of muscovite granite, which intruded into the Precambrian crystalline schist, has been recently discovered by deep drilling.

• 한국윤활학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국윤활학회 2001년도 제33회 춘계학술대회 개최
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• pp.243-247
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• 2001

As a means to reduce stiction in the landing zone padded sliders can be used. In this work the performance of padded slider was investigated using a commercial spin stand. The friction and acoustic emission signals were measured during the experiment. It is shown that padded slider show superior friction and AE characteristics. However, the wear properties of the pads should be further Improved.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 1992

The Wondong Fe-Pb-Zn deposit is located in endo and exoskarns formed along the contact between the Makkol limestone interbedding pelitic limestone of Ordovician age and quartz porphyry of Cretaceous age. At the Wondong mine, the endoskarn shows a discontinuous zonal arrangement from quartz porphyry to pelitic limestone as follows: unaltered quartz porphyry, weakly altered quartz porphyry zone, intensively altered pinkish quartz porphyry zone, garnet zone, and greyish white and fine-grained clinopyroxene zone developed at pelitic limestone side. In terms of chemical mass balance, intensively altered pinkish quartz porphyry relative to unaltered quartz porphyry shows substantial enrichments in $K_2O$, $Na_2O$, and HREE and depletions in MgO, CaO, total $Fe_2O_3$, and LREE. On the other hand, garnet zone of endoskarn is enriched in CaO, MnO, total $Fe_2O_3$, MgO and depleted in $K_2O$, $Na_2O$. $Al_2O_3$ seems to be determining inert component. Thus the behavior of elements indicates that the mobility of elements depends on the equilibration of hydrothermal fluid and minerals and affects on enrichments by fractionation from and depletions by partition to hydrothermal fluid, respectively. Traversing toward pelitic limestone from a central zone of exoskarn, the exoskarn also shows a zonal arrangement as follows: garnet zone, clinopyroxene zone, and decolored pelitic limestone. The arrangement of mineral assemblages in skarns of the Wondong mine is the result of an increase in CaO and $K_2O$ toward the pelitic limestone. Skarn and ore minerals were formed in the following sequence: early skarn, late skarn and magnetite, pyrite, sphalerite, galena, and molybdenite. On the basis of stabilities of mineral assemblages, physicochemical conditions of the late skarn and magnetite mineralization are estimated to be $350^{\circ}C{\leq}T{\leq}400^{\circ}C$ at 1 Kb, $-23{\leq}log\;fO_2{\leq}-18$, and $0.005{\leq}XCO_2{\leq}0.01$, while those of the early skarn to be $420^{\circ}C{\leq}T{\leq}550^{\circ}C$ at 1 Kb.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.19-35
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• 1977

The study area is located in between Hacheonri and Weolgulri, Jecheon-gun where the formations of Okcheon group and Chosun group come in contact and the stratigraphy and geological age of the Okcheon group have been debated among previous workers. The dolomitic limestone which distributed at Cheongam and Dumusil is clarified as the Hyangsanri dolomite formation and the quartzite distributed at Cheongam and Howeunri as Taehyangsan quartzite formation. The newly named Soorumsan schist interbedded in the Great Limestone Series was previously classified Seochangri formation. It is also classified that the formation formerly named as Seochangri was divided into newly named Manji schist which seems to be correlated to Kemyeongsan and Munjuri formation. The formation formerly named as Buknori is clarified as Hwanggangri formation. The Samtaesan formation has been clarified as the lower and upper limestone beds which belong to the Great Limestone Series. The area divided into two groups, that is, Okcheon system of Pre-cambrian age occupies western part and the Great Limestone Series of Chosun system of Cambro-Ordovician age eastern part of this area. Okcheon system consists in ascending order of Manji schist, Hyangsanri dolomite, Taehyangsan quartzite, Munjuri schist, and Hwanggangri formation of meta-tillite. The Great Limestone Series of Chosun group consists in ascending order of lower limestone, Soorumsan schist, Hoosanri quartzite and upper limestone formations. Busan augen gneiss seems to be igneous origin. Unmetamorphosed shale interbed can be traced in the Soorumsan schist. Previous study (Kims, 1974) reveals that meta-volcanic rocks are distributed from south to north along contact zone of the Okcheon and Chosun groups, and it has been confirmed that the meta-volcanics crop out continuously from the adjacent southern quardrangle into the southern part of the area studied, intruding along the fault zone between the Okcheon and Chosun groups which seems to be upthrust as in the area south. This evidence coincides with Kims' work (1974) which states that the Precambrian Okcheon group is largely overturned and thrusted over the Chosun group.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.1141-1145
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• 2005

접촉부와 간헐포기부로 구성된 접촉조 결합형 연속회분식반응조를 질소제거를 위해 제안하고 실험적으로 연구하였다. 짧은 체류시간의 접촉반응을 통해 활성슬러지 플록에 유기물질이 생물흡착되지만 불완전 대사가 진행된다는데 근거를 두고 있다. 결과적으로 실하수의 경우 유입 유기물질의 61.2%가 접촉반응 30분 만에 흡착되었다. 유기물질의 비흡착량은 22.3 mg SCOD/g MLVSS였으며, 이는 후속되는 공정에서 탈질효율의 향상에 기여하였다. 연속운전을 통한 전체적인 처리효율은 TCOD/TKN 비가 6이하의 낮은 조건에서도 SCOD 및 T-N 제거율이 각 86%와 60%를 유지하였다.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2021

The low normal zone propagation velocity (NZPV) of high-temperature superconducting (HTS) tape leads to a quench protection problem in HTS magnet applications. To overcome this limitation, various studies were conducted on HTS coils without turn-to-turn insulation (NI coils) that can achieve self-protection. On the other hand, NI coils have some disadvantages such as slow charging and discharging time. Previously, the HTS coils with turn-to-turn insulation (INS coils) were operated in power supply (PS) driven mode, which requires physical contact with the external PS at room-temperature, not in persistent current mode. When a quench occurs in INS coils, the low NZPV delays quench detection and protection, thereby damaging the coils. However, the rotary HTS flux pump supplies the DC voltage to the superconducting circuit with INS coils in a non-contact manner, which causes the INS coils to operate in a persistent current mode, while enabling quench protection. In this paper, a new protection characteristic of HTS coils is investigated with INS coils charging through the rotary HTS flux pump. To experimentally verify the quench protection characteristic of the INS coil, we investigated the current magnitude of the superconducting circuit through a quench, which was intentionally generated by thermal disturbances in the INS coil under charging or steady state. Our results confirmed the protection characteristic of INS coils using a rotary HTS flux pump.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.283-296
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• 1992

The Keumryeong deposits is a low grade copper deposits in which copper minerals form disseminated grains and thin veinlets in felsic volcanics seem to be dacite. Alteration of the volcanics consists mainly pervasive propylitization and silicification. Potassic alteration characterized by biotite developed locally adjacent to southwestern contact of granodiorite body. Principal sulfide minerals in altered zone are mainly pyrite and lesser chalcopyrite. Chalcopyrite content in potassic zone is relatively higher than that of surrounding propylitized zone. Pyrite and chalcopyrite accompanies magnetite, molybdenite, sphalerite, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, pentlandite, marcasite, hematite, ilmenite, rutile, bismuthinite and native Bi as disseminations, veinlets and knots. Granodiorite body is propylitized and contains veinlets of pyrite, chalcopyrite and molybdenite. Fluid inclusions in sulfide-bearing quartz veinlets and quartz grains of felsic volcanics and granodiorite in altered zone consist of liquid-rich, vapor-rich, $CO_2-bearing$ and halite-bearing inclusions. These four types of inclusion intimately associated on a microscopic scale and indicate condensing or boiling of ore fluid during mineralization. Homogenization temperature of coexisting fluid inclusions are mostly in the range of 350 to $450^{\circ}C$. High salinity fluid contains 28.6 to 48.4 weight percent NaCI equivalent and moderate salinity fluid cotains 0.5 to 12.5 weight percent NaCl equivalent. Pressure estimated from $CO_2$ mole fraction of $CO_2-bearing$ inclusion range 160 to 375 bars. The Kigu copper deposits is a fissure filling copper vein developed 500 m south from the Keumryong deposits. Mineralogy and fluid inclusion data of the Kigu deposits are similar to that of the Keumryeong deposits. Homogenization temperature of fluid inclusions from the Kigu deposits are reasonable agreement with temperature estimated from sulfidation curve of cubanite-chalcopyrite-pyrite-pyrrhotite and pyrite-pyrrhotite mineral assemblages. Not only mineral occurrence and wall rock alteration in the Keumryeong deposits but also fluid inclusion data such as temperature, salinity, pressure and boiling evidences are similar to those of porphyry copper deposits.

• 지구물리
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.259-268
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• 1999

양산단층 북부 지역의 지전기학적 구조를 밝히기 위하여 경주시 부지리와 서악동, 나원리와 양동리 사이 지역에서 전기비저항 탐사를 수행하였다. 경주 남부 지역인 부지리와 서악동 사이에서는 예상 단층선 동쪽에 위치한 파쇄대가 서쪽보다 심부까지 연장되며 남북 방향의 변화는 관찰되지 않는다. 경주 북부 지역인 나원리와 양동리 사이에서는 형산강을 따라 단층파쇄대가 발달하고 있으며, 형산강 서쪽의 비저항구조가 동쪽보다 파쇄대의 영향을 많이 받는 것으로 해석되었다. 호명리에서 수행된 쌍극자-쌍극자 탐사의 영상 단면에서는 양산단층이 수직 운동을 한 단층임을 시사하는 구조가 관찰된다. 경주 남부 및 북부 지역에서의 비저항 구조가 크게 변하지 않는 것으로 미루어 양산단층의 북부구역과 중앙구역의 경계는 본 연구지역의 북부에 위치할 것이라 판단된다.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2021

Tunnel boring machine (TBM)의 설계에 있어서 지반과 직접적으로 맞닿아 절삭을 담당하는 커터헤드의 설계에 따라서 장비의 굴진효율이 달라지게 된다. 디스크커터는 배치되는 위치에 따라 센터 커터 존, 이너 커터 존, 트렌지션 커터 존으로 구분된다. 기존에도 페이스커터의 최적 절삭조건을 규명하기 위한 연구는 많이 진행되어 왔으나, 트렌지션 커터의 최적 절삭조건을 규명하기 위한 연구는 상대적으로 미진하였다. 본 연구에서는 트렌지션 커터의 최적의 절삭조건을 규명하기 위해 개별요소법 수치해석을 수행하고 트렌지션 커터 사이의 각도에 따른 비에너지 곡선을 작도하여 최적 절삭조건을 알아보고자 하였다. 수치해석 결과 전이영역에서 최소 비에너지를 보이는 트렌지션 커터 사이의 각도 9°인 것으로 확인되었다. 이를 트렌지션 커터의 경사각에 따라 3가지 영역으로 구분하고 영역별 디스크커터 사이의 각도와 비에너지를 정리한 결과 트렌지션 커터의 경사각이 커질수록 최적 비에너지를 보이는 트렌지션 커터 사이의 각도는 10°에서 8°까지 점차 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 기존에 사용되고 있는 트렌지션 커터의 설계 결과와 유사한 경향으로써, 본 연구의 결과를 밑받침한다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.215-219
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• 1990

Geological and electrical resistivity surveys along the survey line of about 3 km between Kyungsangbukdo Youngilgun Hodong and Gwangmyungdong using by dipole-dipole electrode array method were carried out to examine the boundary and structural relationship between Tertiary Pohang and Janggi basins. Electrical resistivity data were interpreted qualitatively and quantitatively by means of pseudosection of apparent electrical resitivity distribution and finite difference method for two dimensional geologic structure model. The nearly vertical fault zone with low electrical resistivity value of 1-5 Ohm-m and widths of about 200m at the surface and 400 m at depth exists around 1.2 km west of national road between Ocheoneup and Yangbukmyun. Mudrocks, sandstones and tuffaceous rocks are widely distributed with electrical resistivity values of 6-77 Ohm-m. Especially, tuffaceous rocks with relatively high electrical resistivity value are predominant at eastern side of fault zone. Consequently, it is known that Pohang and Janggi basins are in fault contact.