• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.391-401
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• 2011

Purpose: In the present study, the actual management state of trial contact lenses and lens care products in local optical shops was surveyed and analyzed to reduce the risk of lens complication possibly induced by neglecting lens care. Methods: The feeling of contact lens wearers during the wear of trial contact lenses was surveyed. Futhermore, the actual management state of trial contact lenses such as cosmetic lens and RGP lens and lens care products was also investigated by surveying opticians who trade contact lenses in local optical shops. Results: It was found that consumers trusted the sanitary conditions of the lens since trial cosmetic contact lens and RGP lens were cleaned before and after trails by over 98% of opticians in local optical shops. For trial cosmetic lens, cleaning with normal saline, multipurpose solution for soft lens and combination of saline and multipurpose solution were 38.5%, 40.5% and 21%, respectively, before trials. After trials, cosmetic lenses were cleaned with normal saline, multipurpose solution for soft lens and a combination of saline and multipurpose solution were 13%, 75%, and 12%, respectively. On the other hand, cleaning with normal saline, multipurpose solution for RGP lens and combination of saline and multipurpose solution were 28.5%, 38.5% and 33%, respectively, before trying trial RGP lens. After trials, RGP lenses were cleaned with normal saline, multipurpose solution for RGP lens and a combination of saline and multipurpose solution were 2.5%, 70%, and 27.5%, respectively, indicating that relatively many opticians followed the lens cleaning regimen. In local optical shops, the cleaning trial cosmetic lens was mainly conducted at every 10 days or a month and the washing cycle of cosmetic lens case was in a month or 2~3 months. The cleaning interval of trial RGP lens was primarily in a month or 2~3 months. For those lens cases, more than 75% of opticians washed them with a surfactant and then rinsed with cold water. The storing periods of lens care products were primarily in a week for saline and in a month and 2~3 months indicating that storing period of lens care products was relatively well-kept in local optical shops. Conclusions: It is thought that the concern about any microbial infection is not that high since trial contact lenses and lens care products were generally well-managed by opticians in local optical shops from the results above. However, better public eye health and better public confidence in opticians may be possible if further strengthen in avoidance of lens cleaning with saline, keep of cleaning cycles within 2 weeks and rinsing of lens cases with hot water happens.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.95-99
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• 2000

The microbial contamination rate of contact lens cases in multi-purpose solution(MPS) care systems of 80 asymptomatic soft contact lens wearers was investigated. In caring for their lenses 72 patients (90%) used chemical disinfection(include MPS), six patients(7%) used hydrogen peroxide, and two patients(3%) used heat. Fifty-nine percent of patients used MPS in their care systems. Of 80 contact lens cases, contamination was found in 68%(54) of cases. There is a significant relationship between the ages of lens cases and contamination: older cases being more frequently contaminated. Of the contaminated 31 lens cases(57%) in MPS care systems, four contact lens cases(13%) were contaminated by single organism, 15 cases(48%) by two kinds of organisms, and 12 cases(39%) by more than three kinds of organisms. Of the organisms that were contaminated lens cases, Pseudomonas. Serratia, Bacillus, E. coli and Aspergillus were frequently isolated. When considering the high contamination rate of soft contact lens cases in MPS care systems more effective and hygienical lens care system is important, especially frequent and regular disposal of lens cases may prove to prevent the build-up of microbial colonisation in containers.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2006

We investigated the question whether the efficacy of cleaning tear components on RGP lens and preserving the superior wettability of RGP lens depended on the different type of contact lens care system - RGP lens care solution, SCL care solution, combined solution both for SCL and RGP lens or saline solution. The removal efficacy of the deposited protein was examined by Lowry protein assay and Scanning Electro Microscope(SEM) and residual lipid concentration on RGP lens was determined by High Pressure Liquid Chromatology(HPLC). Wettability was assessed with an equilibrium water-in-air contact angle method. When cared by RGP lens solution, it was demonstrated that 62 percent out of the adhered protein on RGP lens were removed and the removal efficacy of RGP lens solution was not only 4 times than saline solution and the alternative but also higher twice than SCL solution. Contrarily, the SCL solution had the most excellent removal efficacy of the adhered protein on SCL. These results suggest that the cleaning efficacy is thought to be affected by the other factors like the viscosity of care solutions, which mutual contact between RGP lens and care solutions is on the increase due to the viscosity enhancer in RGP lens care solution. RGP lens solution had the greatest removing efficacy to cholesterol and the residual cholesterol concentration was decreased to 50%. It is significant for RGP lens to preserve the superior wettability which means the predictive value for comfortable wearing and it showed that the RGP lens solution offered the most excellent efficacy to maintain the surface wettability. Combined solution both for SCL and RGP lens had weak efficacy of cleaning and maintaining wettability for RGP lens compared to RGP lens care solution.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 1996

The microbial contamination in contact lens care systems and conjunctivas of 40 asymptomatic cosmetic soft contact lens wearers was investigated. Patient ages ranged from 19 to 27(mean:22), most of them have used hydrogel contact lenses for less than 1 year, and the ages of lens cases were 1 weeks ~ 3 months (43 %) or 4~6 months (52%). Twenty-seven patients (67%) chemically disinfected their lenses and 8(20 %) used hydrogen peroxide, and 5 used heat to disinfect. Fourteen patients used commercial non-preserved saline, and 26(65%) were using commercial preserved saline. Sixty-two percent of the patients had bacterial contamination of lens case, and 17% had conjunctival contamination. The bacterial contamination rate was highest in lens cases, followed by unpreserved salines, disinfecting chemicals(non-hydrogen peroxide), and conjunctivas. The fungal contamination rate of cases and conjunctivas was 67% and 15%, respectively, and lens case, unpreserved saline, and conjunctiva seemed more susceptible to contamination. The use of hydrogen peroxide for disinfection rather than chemical disinfection was associated remarkabley with decreased contamination of solution itself, and there was no significant difference in contamination rates between hydrogen peroxide care system and other disinfecting systems. Five of lens cases(13%) and 2 conjunctivas(5%) were contaminated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans were isolated from 11cases (27%) and 5 conjunctivas (12%). Of the organisms that were contaminated lens cases and conjunctivas, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus fumigatus were isolated from lens cases, whereas Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus fumigatus were recorvered from conjunctivas. Fortunately all of the these tested samples showed 0% of Acanthamoeba in this investigation.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.347-353
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• 2010

Purpose: An in vitro study was conducted to compare the lipid cleaning efficacy of care solutions on balafilcon A silicone hydrogel (SiHy) lens. Methods: Lipid spoilation was performed by incubating balafilcon A SiHy lenses in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) containing oleic acid, oleic acid methyl ester and cholesterol. Spoiled contact lenses rinsed with PBS were cleaned with surfactant cleaner, alcohol containing cleaner and multipurpose solution (MPS) respectively and repetitive spoilation and cleaning was conducted up to 14 times. To observe the cleaning effect of ultrasonic wave on the lipid deposit, each spoiled lens was ultrasonicated and then compared with non-sonicated lens. Lipids deposit on the contact lenses was extracted by methanol:chloroform (1:1, v/v) solution. High performance liquid chromatography was used to analyze and quantify lipid deposit extracts. Results: The effectiveness of alcohol containing surfactant cleaner on the lipid deposits was better than that of surfactant cleaner and MPS, and the cleaning efficacy was significantly higher in the ultrasonic wave treated group. Lipid deposits were not removed completely by contact lens care solutions so that lipid deposits increased continuously and cumulatively. Conclusions: The cleaning efficacy of contact lens care solutions was not satisfactory to remove lipid deposits on the SiHy lens that new cleaning products specially designed for SiHy lenses are needed to develop.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2008

Purpose: To investigate the proper care system of sample-wearing cosmetic contact lens (SWCCL). Methods: Research on the actual condition about SWCCL was examined in fifty cosmetic contact lens wearer in their 10s and 20s by the questionnaire. Also, the extents of the contamination of gram-negative bacteria and fungi were measured in SWCCL after wearing for 2, 4 and 6 weeks, and it was investigated whether the proper care system could prevented the contamination. Results: As the result of the questionnaire, people purchased the cosmetic contact lens after trying SWCCL with a mean of 4.5. The contamination of gram-negative bacteria and fungi were significantly increased in SWCCL-wearing period-dependent manner. In both Group 1 (rubbing SWCCL and exchanging preserving solution every wearing of SWCCL) and Group 2 (only exchanging preserving solution every wearing of SWCCL without rubbing SWCCL), the contamination of gram-negative bacteria and fungi were prevented perfectly. In the case of Groups having every-week care, the proliferation of gram-negative bacteria and fungi were somewhat suppressed, and rubbing was helpful of decreasing the contamination. The biweekly care had scarcely any effect for preventing the contamination. Conclusions: By exchanging the preserving solution every wearing of SWCCL, the contamination of gram-negative bacteria and fungi could be suppressed perfectly.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.135-145
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the actual condition of caring soft contact lens cases and the change in contamination level of lens cases by wearing and storage period of soft contact lens. Methods: The actual condition of caring soft lens cases was surveyed with sixty-three of contact lens wearers. Soft contact lenses were worn for 1, 3, 7 and 14 days, and the lenses were separately stored in 12 lens cases for 1, 3 and 7 days. The contamination level of lens cases was determined by counting the numbers of microorganisms, gram negative bacteria and fungi. Results: Only 14% of survey answerers cleaned their lens cases with a brush, rinsed and dried them upside down before next usage of lens case when those lenses were kept for a long time. Furthermore, 54% of total answerers just kept soft contact lens in the case without changing the multipurpose solution. Microorganisms, gram negative bacteria and fungi were detected in lens cases even when soft contact lens were kept for 1 day in the lens case after wearing for 1 day and cleaning it with multipurpose solution. The numbers of microorganisms, gram negative bacteria and fungi in lens cases increased with storage periods of soft contact lens, and also contamination level of lens cases was increased in accordance with wearing period of lens. In the lens cases without changing multipurpose solution, the numbers of microorganisms, gram negative bacteria and fungi increased with storage period of lens with statistical significance. Conclusions: This study showed that lens wearers' concerns on caring contact lens case were not satisfactory. As the result, the contamination of lens cases was related to increase of lens wearing and storage periods suggesting that the proper instruction and education for lens wearers are required.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2014

Purpose: The present study was aimed to figure out the correlation amongst the evaluation methods for critical micelle concentration, surface tension and protein cleaning efficacy to evaluate cleaning efficacy of contact lens care products. Methods: The critical micelle concentration of surfactants and the actual concentration of surfactants in contact lens care solutions were investigated by employing references published and related information. Surface tension of contact lens care solutions was measured by surface tension device at $25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, and contact lenses made of lotrafilcon A, comfilcon A and balafilcon A were washed with contact lens care solutions after the incubation in artificial tears for 14 days and their cleaning efficacy was compared. Results: Among the 22 contact lens care products, 9 products provided the label of the concentration of surfactant, and 7 products showed higher concentration of surfactant than the critical micelle concentration reported in references. As a result of measuring surface tension, the surface tension of lens care products for soft contact lens was generally lower than other care products. When examined the removal effect of protein deposited on lens surface, it was known that the care products having lower surface tension showed higher protein removal efficiency. Conclusions: The surface tension is low when surfactant concentration in contact lens care solutions is high, and the removal effect of protein deposited is accordingly increased with the decrease of surface tension. Thus, these indicate the correlation amongst the evaluation methods for cleaning efficacy.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.187-192
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• 2000

The objective of this study was to investigate the problems of soft contact lens wear on the women college students. The results were as follows 1. Almost the purchase of soft contact lens was the optical shop. 2. Almost the motive of soft contact lens use was the discomfort of glasses wear. 3. Almost the good feeling of glasses wear was moderate degree. 4. On the main reason of exchange of contact lens, teens was contact lens damage and tweenths was lifespan of contact lens. 5. On the contact lens wearing time at one day, teens was over 10 hours and tweenths was from 7 hours to 10 hours. 6. On the contact care and treatment, teens was a lens washing and storage and tweenths was a lens washing and disinfectant. 7. On the main difficult of contact lens handling, teens was a lens separation in eye and disinfection of lens case and tweenths was a solution treatment and insertion of contact lens in the eye. 8. On the contact lens insertion in the eye, the most difficult item was hanging of the eyelid and fear thinking in teens and fear thinking in tweenths. 9. On the difficult in separate of contact lens wear, a most subjects were eye opening. 10. On the most inconvenient state in contact lens wearing, the subjects were eye redness, foreign body and eye pain. 11. On the advantage of contact lens wearing, teens was decrease in glasses side effects and twenties was a beauty.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.37-41
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• 2007

The aim of this study is to establish RGP lens care system using RGP lens multi-purpose solution(MPS) and cleaner. Each RGP lens was incubated in Pseudomonas aeruginosa standard strain, and the numbers of P. aeruginosa colony remaining after treatment by using MPS and/or cleaner including surface activating components were estimated. Soaking only in MPS for 30 min reduced the number of P. aeruginosa up to 50%. 95% of P. aeruginosa was eliminated at RGP lenses soaked in MPS for 4 hr, but P. aeruginosa was not detected at RGP lenses soaked for 6 hr. When only cleaner was used for RGP lens care, 70% of P. aeruginosa was eliminated. This result showed that using cleaner had more effective at removing P. aeruginosa than soaking in MPS for 30 min. When soaking in MPS for 30 min after using cleaner reduced the number of P. aeruginosa up to 36% of that which soaking only in MPS for 30 min. This result suggested that using cleaner could be helpful to improve the disinfection efficacy of short time soaking in MPS.