• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.410-416
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The standard pattern of Brazilian food consumption is based on the combination of rice and beans served together in the main meals. This study assessed the effects of Brazilian-staple calorie-restricted (BS-diet) dietary advice, with brown rice and beans, on metabolic parameters, body composition, and food intake in overweight/obese subjects. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Twentyseven subjects were randomly assigned to a conventional-type calorie-restricted diet (CT-diet) (n = 13) or a BS-diet (n = 14). Glucose metabolism, lipid profile, anthropometric and body composition parameters, and food intake were measured before and after 16 weeks. Paired t-tests/Wilcoxon tests were used for comparison of differences from baseline and unpaired t-tests/Mann-Whitney tests were used for comparison of differences between the groups. RESULTS: After16 weeks, both groups showed reductions in weight and waist circumference (P < 0.02), and the BS-diet group showed a decrease in body fat (P = 0.0001), and significant improvement in glucose metabolism (fasting plasma glucose, glucose and insulin areas under the curve, Cederholm index, and HOMA2-$%{\beta}$) ($P{\leq}0.04$) and lipid profile (cholesterol, triacylglycerol, LDL-c, VLDL-c, and cholesterol/HDL-c ratio) ($P{\leq}0.05$). In addition, the BS-diet group showed significant improvement in HOMA2-$%{\beta}$, compared to the CT-diet group (P = 0.03). The BS-diet group also showed a significant reduction in energy, lipids, carbohydrate, and cholesterol intake ($P{\leq}0.04$) and an increase in fiber intake ($P{\leq}0.001$), while the CT-diet group showed a significant reduction in intake of energy, macronutrients, PUFA, and cholesterol ($P{\leq}0.002$). CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate the benefits of the BS-diet on metabolic parameters in obese subjects.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.102-110
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• 2002

Cigarette smoking has long been recognized as a major risk factor in the development of coronary heart disease. Several investigators have reported the strong association between smoking and high serum cholesterol, triglyceride concentration, SFA and low HDL cholesterol, PUFA and $\omega$6 concentrations. Therefore, this study was done to investigate the effect of smoking on the serum lipid profile and fatty acid composition of college women. Sixty-one non-smokers and twenty-seven smokers were selected from college women students in the Seoul area. Their lipid intake, serum lipid concentration and fatty acid composition were examined. There were no differences in the general characteristics and anthropometric indices between the smokers and non-smokers. However, alcohol consumption was significantly higher in smokers than non-smokers (p<0.001). The daily caloric intake of smokers and non-smokers were 1875.84 kcal and 1915.53 kacl, respectively. On the other hand, the mean daily intake of lipids and cholesterol were significantly lower in smokers (p<0.05). In smokers, the mean concentrations of serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio were higher, and the compositions of EPA and DHA were lowe than in non-smokers. There was a negative correlation between the serum triglyceride and PUFA levels in the two groups. Also, serum HDL-C correlated negatively with MUFA in smokers and non-smokers (p<0.01). These results suggest that smoking cause inadequate changes in serum lipid profile and serum fatty acid composition, thereby increasing the tendency for coronary heart disease.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.752-771
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of sodium reduction education program of a public health center on the blood pressure, blood biochemical profile and sodium intake of hypertensive adults. The program continued for 16 weeks with an 8-week nutrition education and an 8-week follow-up to forty two subjects, 6 males and 36 females aged 46 to 80 years. Subjects received nutrition education including lectures, activities, cooking classes and nutrition counseling. Physical fitness, management of stress, and nutrition counseling were provided during the follow-up. The program was evaluated three times, before and after the nutrition education, and after the follow-up. Systolic blood pressure (p < 0.0001) and diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.001) were decreased after completion of the program. Body weight (p < 0.005), percent body fat (p < 0.005) and body mass index (p < 0.001) were decreased, too. There were no significant differences in blood glucose, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides, while elevated levels of total cholesterol (p < 0.001) and LDL-cholesterol (p < 0.001) appeared after the program completion. Decreased intakes of vitamin A (p < 0.05), ${\beta}$-carotene (p < 0.001) and sodium (p < 0.001) were observed. Consumption frequency of noodles, soups, stews, kimchi, fishes/shellfish, seasoned vegetables, and salted seafoods/pickles (p < 0.05~p < 0.001) were decreased, while that of all food groups were not changed during the follow-up. Total score of nutrition knowledge related to sodium intake and hypertension (p < 0.001), and that of dietary behavior associated with high sodium intakes were changed positively (p < 0.001) only during the nutrition education. This sodium reduction education program, including the follow-up study showed positive effects on the blood pressure, sodium intake, nutrition knowledge and dietary behavior of hypertensive adults.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.43-47
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• 2006

Ginseng (Panax ginseng CA. Meyer) hairy root cultures, which are established via the infection of ginseng root discs with Rhizobium rhizogenes, have been used to construct profiles of both biomass growth and nutrient consumption in flask cultures. In a 250 mL shake flask culture, the maximum biomass was observed on the 59th day of the culture period, at 216.8 g (fresh wt) per liter or 11.4 g (dry wt) per liter. The hairy roots were determined to have a growth rate of 0.355 g-DW/g cells/day during the exponential growth phase and a maximum specific growth rate on day 7. Total ginseng saponin and phenolic compound contents were noted to have increased within the latter portion of the culture period. Linear correlations between increases in biomass weight and nutrient uptake were used to imply the conductivity yield $2.60g-DW/(L{\cdot}mS)$ and carbon yield 0.45 g-DW/(g sugar) in the 250 mL flask cultures. The biomass yield when two different nitrogen sources were used (ammonia and nitrate) was shown to remain approximately constant. at $0.47g-DW/(L{\cdot}mM\;NH_4$) and $0.33g-DW/(L{\cdot}mM\;NO_3$); it remained at these levels for 16 days with the ammonia. and for 24 days with the nitrate. The biomass yield when a phosphate source was used was also shown to remain approximately constant for 9 days, at $3.17g-DW/(L{\cdot}mM\;PO_4$), with an $R^2$ of 0.99.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.34 no.9B
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• pp.847-856
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• 2009

In geographic routing for wireless sensor networks, sources need the location of sinks destined for delivering their data packets. Most of the existing geographic routing protocols merely assume that the sources can get the locations of sinks by some location service. How source nodes find out the location of sinks is not easy. In this paper, we propose a sink location dissemination scheme in geographic routing for wireless sensor networks. In this scheme, a source node and a sink node send sink location announcement and query messages along two paths respectively by geographic routing. The node located on the crossing point of the two paths informs the source about the sink location. Then the source can send data packet to the sink by geographic routing. How to guarantee that these two paths have at least one crossing point in any irregular profile of sensor network is the challenge of this paper Simulation results show that our protocol is significantly superior to other protocols in terms of energy consumption and control overhead.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.228-239
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• 2022

Purpose: To compare the effectiveness, tolerability, acceptability, and safety of sodium picosulphate with magnesium citrate (PS/Mg) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) in children (≤18 years) preparing for colonoscopy. Methods: Three electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) were searched till July 2020. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. At least two authors independently selected studies and performed risk of bias assessment and data extraction. Results: Four RCTs (n=390), with overall good quality were included. A meta-analysis of two trials (n=224) found no statistically significant difference between the groups with respect to the proportion of patients who had excellent and good scores (≥6 points) according to the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (relative risk: 0.99; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.90 to 1.08). Excellent and good scores were observed in both groups in approximately 90% of children. A meta-analysis of two other trials (n=150) showed no significant difference between the groups with respect to the mean total score for the Ottawa Bowel Preparation Scale (mean difference: 0.20; 95% CI: -0.74 to 1.14). Both regimens provided a comparable safety profile; however, PS/Mg was significantly superior to high volume PEG in terms of tolerability (abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, bloating/flatulence/fullness) and acceptability (ease of formulation consumption, taste acceptance, need for nasogastric tube, compliance with full dose). Conclusion: PS/Mg provides a quality and safety profile similar to PEG for bowel cleansing; however, it has better acceptance and tolerance in children preparing for colonoscopy.

• Clinical Nutrition Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.22-32
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• 2024

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammatory autoimmune disorder with widespread synovitis. Isoflavones, the main active component of soy, have been reported to have potent anti-inflammatory effects; the previous RA animal models showed the promising effect of soy supplementation. We aimed to evaluate the effect of soy bread on inflammatory markers and lipid profiles in RA patients. The present study was designed as a randomized controlled trial. RA patients were randomly allocated to obtain soy bread (n = 22) or placebo bread (n = 22) for 8 weeks. Fasting serum levels of lipid profile, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), and DAS28 were checked. Findings showed that there were no significant differences between the two groups in physical activity and dietary intake at the beginning of the study and the end of the study. There were no significant differences between the two groups in measured lipid profile markers, including high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and very low-density lipoprotein, at the end of the trial. In addition, TAC and CRP also were not significant at the end of the trial between the 2 groups (0.66 and 0.12, respectively). However, the serum levels of TNF-α reduced significantly in the soy bread group at the end of the intervention (p < 0.000) and compared with the control group (p < 0.019). Soy bread consumption only decreased circulating TNF-α serum concentration. Other outcome measures were not changed following supplementation. Future long-term, well-designed studies are needed to confirm these findings.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.73-82
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• 2017

As of December 2016, the number of registered automobiles in Korea exceeds 21million. As a result, greenhouse gas emission by transportation sector are increasing every year. It was concluded that the development of the driving strategy considering the driving behavior and the road conditions, which are known to affect the fuel efficiency and the greenhouse gas emissions, could be the most effective fuel economy improvement. Therefore, this study aims to develop a fuel efficient driving strategy in a complex linear section with uphill and curved sections. The road topography was designed according to 'Rules about the Road Structure & Facilities Standards'. Various scenarios were selected. After generating the speed profile, it was applied to the Comprehensive Modal Emission Model and fuel consumption was calculated. The scenarios with the lowest fuel consumption were selected. After that, the fuel consumption of the manual driver's driving record and the selected optimal driving strategy were compared and analyzed for verification. As a result of the analysis, the developed optimal driving strategy reduces fuel consumption by 21.2% on average compared to driving by manual drivers.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.77-84
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• 2015

In 2011, greenhouse gas emissions of transport sector were 85.04 million $tonCO_2eq$ and road emissions accounted for 95% of total emissions in the transport sector. There are few innovative technologies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions aside from eco-driving education and public relation program. Therefore, this paper focused on analyzing optimal acceleration by certain road grades and suggested fuel-efficient driving method for various uphill sections. Scenarios were established by driving modes. Speed profiles were generated by scenarios and speed variations. Each speed profile applied to Comprehensive Modal Emission Model and then each fuel consumption was estimated. Driving mode and speed variation that minimized fuel consumption were driven according to grade percent and uphill distance. When driving in the eco-friendly mode of the driving and speed variation, reduction rate of fuel consumption was evaluated by comparison between eco-driving and cruise control mode. When a vehicle drove under eco-driving mode at 100kph, 90kph and 80kph on uphill road, fuel consumptions were reduced by 33.9%, 30.8% and 5.3%, respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.4780-4785
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• 2012

As many mobile devices such as smart phones and tablets are widely spread, optimized mobile video encoder used during video recording application is needed. In this paper, we implemented H.264/AVC base profile video encoder on a mobile device and empirically optimized control parameters of the encoder. As the experiment, we more than 100 test cases were designed with varying Lagrangian optimization, Hadamard Transform, search range, I-frame period, and reference frames. During the experiment, we measured picture quality, bit-rate, encoding time, motion estimation time, and power consumption. From the result, we can determine optimal values for the H.264 control parameters.