• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.130-135
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• 1989

The purpose of the present study was to find the preferences of college students and to understand trends in their consumption patterns. This survey was conducted using a questionnaire containing 50 questions answered by 614 sudients of 4 universities in Daejeon and Seoul and the following result were obtained . 1. The majority of students favored coffee, yulmy tea, ginseng tea, and lllack tea in decreasing order. Only 49.0% of the students believe that ginseng was beneficial to the human life as a health, fond . 2. 54% of the students had experience in taking fresh ginseng and 68% had used in white ginseng. 3. Their expectations for the efficacy of ginseng were as remedies for hang-over syndrom, high blood pressure, heart trouble, liver trouble, and gastronic trouble, in decreasing order. 4. Most of the students took soup made by adding ginseng to chicken broth (SamGyetang) when taken ginseng. 5. The percent of students who had taken coffee was 97.7%, whereas only 48.3% had used processed ginseng products. The female students especially disliked ginseng tea. 6. The preferences of the students indicate that the likelihood that they will be major consumers of ginseng in the future is very low.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.567-576
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• 2014

Bulgogi (Korean-traditional barbequed beef) is one of the most globally well-known Korean foods. Though various attempts have been made to promote bulgogi, studies are limited understanding mostly to US consumers or foreigners who reside in Korea. China, the world's most populous country, has the biggest market potential in the world. The purpose of this study was to understand reasons of liking or disliking bulgogi products in Chinese consumers who reside in China in comparison to Korean consumers. The bulgogi used in this study differed in its main marinating ingredients. Check-all-thatapply (CATA) questionnaire was used to collect the reasons why one liked or disliked the given bulgogi product. CATA result showed that even for the same product, Korean and Chinese consumers liked or disliked it for different reasons. In particular, unlike Koreans, Chinese consumers reported sweet taste and garlic flavor as reasons for disliking the samples with high amounts of sugar and garlic, respectively. This seemed to be the result of differences in familiarity of consumers to certain tastes and flavors. The results imply the influence of culture in consumer preferences.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-19
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to suggest the most appropriate design concepts for sportive fashion product based on the analysis of consumers' acceptance of the recent sportive fashion trends according to their lifestyle. The subjects consisted of 295 males and females, between 17 and 35 year-old. A self-report questionnaire with 4 stimuli was employed for data gathering, and the data were analyzed by the methods of frequency, factor analysis, cluster analysis, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results of this study were summarized as follows: For the First, the recent sportive fashion trends were categorized into four groups; 'street- sportive' trend, 'futuristic-sportive' trend, 'ethnic-sportive' trend and 'urban-utility sportive' trend. Secondly, based on the result of cluster analysis on consumers' lifestyle, total four consumer groups were identified; 'pursuing sense' group, 'pursuing culture' group, 'pursuing utility' group, and 'indifference' group. Thirdly, the consumers relatively preferred two sportive styles among the four groups, typically representing 'urban-utility' trend and 'street' trend. The typical 'urban-utility' style was particularly preferred by the consumers who desired to express themselves as urban, modern, and luxurious. The typical 'street' style was preferred by the consumers who tried to express themselves as active and fashionable. Finally, preferences of the sportive trends according to consumers' lifestyle were interpreted as follows: the 'pursuing sense' group relatively preferred 'urbanutility' style and 'street' style, the 'pursuing culture' group preferred 'street' style and the 'pursuing utility' group preferred 'urban-utility' style, meaningwhile the 'indifference' group preferred 'street' style and 'urban- utility' style.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.418-430
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• 2022

This study aims to analyze consumers' purchase decision-making process of buying avatar fashion items on the Metaverse platform. Drawing on the connection between the self-expression tendency of the MZ generation and that of avatars in the Metaverse, this study uses a qualitative research method to analyze how consumers express their self-image through the appearance of their avatars. Unlike previous studies on the clothing purchase decision-making process, this study shows that purchasing and consumption behavior involve the following six stages: recognizing desire, collecting information, evaluating alternatives, making purchases, evaluating the consumption, and post-purchase action-taking. In the first stage of the purchase decision-making process, consumers' desire arises with self-image expression and confirmation. In the second stage, consumers have a high tendency to shop in the best item category. In the alternative evaluation stage, consumers tend to seek items that match their highest standard while considering their personal preferences. In the fourth stage, when making actual purchases, unplanned purchase behavior often occurs along with an active practice of alternative evaluation. In the fifth stage, the evaluation of the consumption shows that consumers achieve satisfaction by applying a style to their avatars that they are unable to try in the real world. In the last stage, consumers often use their purchases to communicate their various styles with other online consumers. Therefore, we conclude that the online purchase decision-making process differs from the offline process as it is divided into six stages.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.55-71
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to establish the causal structural model among brand image and country image associated with consumers' purchase decision of products. The specific objectives were 1) to analyze the effects of brand image on consumers' purchase decision of products, 2) to analyze the effects of country image on consumers' purchase decision of products, 3) to analyze the effects of brand image on country image, 4) to analyze the mediating effects of country image between brand image and consumers' purchase decision of products. The conclusions of this study are as follows: First, companies must have an advantage strategy for brand image along with country image. To this end, a strategy to promote the brand image through various media is effective. Second, it is necessary to find new transformation through the establishment of brand identity at the corporate level so that consumers can have a good impression on the brand image. Third, it is important for companies to make efforts at the level of brand image and country image to provide consumers with information that can increase expectations and actual satisfaction and to build product reputation. In addition, it is necessary to embody brand images and country images into global marketing mix strategies. Fourth, if companies build a brand image that symbolizes a differentiated culture, the brand image can have a positive effect on consumer purchase decisions. Along with this, companies can further increase their positive effects by developing representative brand image contents. Fifth, this study confirmed that the higher the image level of the manufacturing country in a situation where consumers' preferences are diversifying, the more the brand image leads to consumers' purchasing decisions. Therefore, brand managers are required to build a country image suitable for the existing brand image when advertising at the time of product introduction.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze consumer preference for fish farm HACCP certification using conjoint analysis. This study used raw flatfish product to evaluate the fish farm HACCP. In this study, 500 consumers were surveyed using panel survey and stratified sampling. In the recognition analysis, the farm HACCP certification system was found to be highly recognized by consumers. It can be seen that the brand assets accumulated by existing food and agricultural HACCP certification were transfered to the fish farm HACCP and absorbed. Consumers perceived fish farm HACCP certification as similar one with existing food and agricultural HACCP. Conjoint analysis evaluated three levels factors. The attributes and levels evaluated were : price(25,800 won, 28,400 won, 31,000 won), certification(fish farm HACCP, seafood traceability, and non certified), and origin(domestic, JEJU, and WANDO). The important levels were in order of price(40.8%), certification(30.2%) and origin(29.0%). We found that consumers give higher utility to fish farm HACCP certification compared with non certified and seafood traceability certification. Market simulation results showed that the fish farm HACCP product has 12%p higher market share than non certified products. Seafood traceability certification showed 4.6%p higher market share than non certified products.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Organic Agriculture Conference
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• 2009.07a
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• pp.185-197
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• 2009

Eco-friendly agricultural products(EFAPs) are on an increasing trend of supply, but not much enhancing the rate of consumption due to higher price premiums and safety concerns among core consumers. Recently, the overall domestic market is rapidly changing from supplier's into a consumer-oriented one with increasing preferences for well-known branded produce, large retailers, and e-commerce. To cope with marketing shifts and develop eco-friendly farming, marketing strategies should be properly prepared on the basis of consumption trends, purchase patterns, and the specific needs which is interlinked sectors of productions, distributions, and general process of consumption. The key factors for stimulating the demand for EFAPs are outlined as follows : classification of buyers(segmentation of markets), provision of more information and safety assurance, labeling of brands and reference prices, shopping convenience for consumers and more appropriate pricing. In order to motivate consumers to buy more EFAPs, the products' safety should be verified and they should be made to sell at specialty store such as Chorokmaul, It is necessary that government, producers, consumers, and distributors play their respective roles in developing feasible programs for marketing EFAPs. Consequently, the specialty store will greatly contribute to the development of domestic environmentally-friendly farming and to raising their standings and prospects as well.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.123-134
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences of evaluative criteria and brand preferences by clothing purchasing motivations of Chinese female consumers. Data were obtained from 350 Chinese women in the 20's and 30's who were living in Shanghi, China. Data were analyzed by factor analysis, ANOVA, Duncan test, cluster analysis, and descriptive statistics using SPSS WIN 12.0. The results of this study were as follows. The clothing purchasing motivations of consumers were classified into 'hedonic,' 'utilitarian,' and 'economic' motivation. The evaluative criteria of clothing were classified into 'aesthetic/quality,' 'service/care,' and 'social status symbol' evaluative criteria. Chinese female consumers were divided into four groups by cluster analysis of clothing purchasing motivation; economic, practical hedonic, utilitarian, and inactive groups. There were significant differences in evaluative criteria of clothing, brand preference of foreign brand and Korean brand, and purchase intention among four groups. Practical hedonic and economic groups showed the highest means of evaluative criteria of clothing, foreign brand, Korea brand, and purchase intention of Korean apparel brand. This study provides implications into Korean fashion marketers for developing marketing strategies in China.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.114-129
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• 2010

The purpose of this study were to identify shopping orientation for fashion outlet consumers and its significance in influencing brand loyalty and shopping satisfaction. This study will propose results which help to better understand shopping orientation of fashion outlet consumers. A questionnaire was administered to 326 20s male and female living in Daegu Gyeongbuk during October of 2008. Data were analyzed by using Factor analysis, Reliability analysis, t-test and Regression analysis. The results of the research are as follows: First, The shopping orientation could be into 5 dimensions: pleasure tendency, fashion tendency, name brand tendency, prudence buying tendency, economic tendency. Brand loyalty were factor analyzed resulting three factors such as brand loyalty, brand care and brand knowledge. Brand loyalty factors of brand loyalty and brand knowledge had a positive effect on fashion tendency, name brand tendency. Brand care has a positive effect on name brand tendency and economic tendency. Second, Shopping satisfaction were factor analyzed resulting five factors such as product, store atmosphere, service store reputation, location convenience and price. Outlet product had a positive effect on fashion tendency, name brand tendency, prudence buying tendency and while all other factors showed a positive effect on preferences to follow trends. However, outlet price had a positive effect on only those consumers possessing a economic tendency.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.31-40
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• 2013

This paper portrays the perception of buying behaviour, factors of product preferences and product switch-over among women consumers in Vellore district of Tamil Nadu. To conduct this study, 300 respondents from 20 village blocks of Vellore district were selected using stratified random sampling as the technique and descriptive sampling as the design. The study came out with interesting results and conclusions. It was found that more than half of the respondents were purchasing the product without a bill. It was also found that the respondents who repaired their product in the authorized service centre during warranty period did not continue the same after the warranty period and preferred nearby repair shops. It was further found that more than half of the respondents were checking expiry date and quality standards while purchasing a product. The study's scope was limited to women consumers at Vellore district. It could be used for further research in other aspects such as gender comparison in Vellore district and comparison with other districts of Tamil Nadu and other states of India. It was suggested that there is still a necessity to upgrade the standard of the people in many aspects like education, occupation and level of income, which shall help them to compete with the neighboring cities on living standards.