• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.175-186
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• 2018

These days, due to increased income levels, lower birthrate, and increased marriage age, interest and investment in children has increased, and infant & children's clothes has become more upgraded, differentiated, and diversified. In accordance with the change of the infant & children's clothes market, Examine the research trends of the papers in the journals. Used 'KISS', 'DBpia', 'Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information', in the search system, and 137 papers were searched for by using key word, 'infant's clothes' and 'children's clothes'. The year of publication is limited to 2001 to 2017, and they are classified into 5-year units and again the papers were classified by year, by journal, by field of clothing research (Technical Design & Production, Fashion Marketing, Textile System, Fashion Design), and frequency and percentage were used as data analysis. The number of articles related to infant & children's clothes increased such as 39 in 2001~2005, 43 in 2006~2010, and 55 in 2011~2017. The distribution of articles by journals has been published mainly in the journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles, but as the journals were diversified, they were distributed evenly in other journals related to the apparel. In the presentations according to the research field by year, from 2001 to 2005, the ratio of apparel design and production was high, but since 2006, many papers related to fashion marketing and fashion design have been published. The research contents of the field of clothing research are as follows: 41 articles in design production field, focusing on dimensional system and pattern design, 40 articles in fashion design field, focusing on design development and design preferences, 46 articles in fashion marketing field, focusing on consumer behavior and marketing management. And 10 articles in apparel material system field, focusing on research on cloth science materials, but they are less well studied than others, but these studies should be actively pursued in the future.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.105-118
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• 2018

Generic medicine (GM), which is an alternative drug product for branded medicine (BM), is used less in Japan than in other OECD countries. Therefore, we investigate why the medical consumers of Japan avoid the use of GMs even though the efficacy and safety of the medicines have already been proven. We theorize that effectiveness or risk of GMs are related to the consumer attitude toward GMs is affected by the behavioral approach/activation system (BAS) which promotes actions to reach the desired state, and the behavioral inhibition system (BIS) which suppresses behaviors to avoid negative outcomes. To see which of the BAS and BIS dimensions are related to GM usage, we surveyed 374 Japanese consumers and found that Quality, Efficacy, Safety, & Cost-effectiveness with the BAS, and Functional Risk, Financial Risk, Social Risk, Physical Risk, Psychological Risk, & Time Risk with the BIS had a significant effect on consumer attitude to GMs. These results are important in that they 1), confirm the role of BAS/BIS in attitudes to GMs, 2), provide guidelines when marketing GMs, 3), help governments promote the use of GMs as a cost-saving measure, and 4), guide future surveys regarding consumer attitudes to GMs.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.5-11
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• 2014

Purpose - This paper examines Kazakh women's spending patterns and buying behavior. Research design, data, and methodology - After thoroughly reviewing the related literature on consumer behavior in general, and female consumer behavior in particular, both questionnaires and in-depth personal interviews were used to collect data from 400 Kazakh women consumers equally chosen from the age groups 20-30, 30-40, 40-50, and above 50. Results - A stratified and convenient sample was employed, and the selected five hypotheses were proved using the Karl Pearson Coefficient of Correlation. Related to spending patterns, 40 and 35 percent of the 20-30 and 30-40 age groups, respectively, of Kazakh women spend their incomes on personal items, as against 30 percent from both the 40-50 and 50 and above age groups. Twenty-five and 35 percent of the 40-50 and 50 and above age group, respectively, take decisions based on product quality, whereas this percentage is at its mite in the below 40 age group. Conclusions - The buying behavior of Kazakh women consumers is revealed; the results proffer useful background information to formulate marketing strategies.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.123-133
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• 2022

Purpose: As moment-based marketing messages (i.e., messages related to current moments or event), companies put significant investments to distribute TV advertising related to external moments in a retail environment. While the literature offers strong support for the value of distributions of context-based messaging to advertisers, less attention has been given to how to design those messages to effectively communicate across channels. This research adds a new dimension of analysis to the study of advertising context and its cross-channel effects on online consumer behavior. Research Design, Data and Methodology: A system-of-equations Tobit regression model was adopted using data collected from an advertising agency that consists of 1,223 TV ads aired during the Rio Olympics and NCAA, tagging from consumers, and a text analysis. Results: First, TV ads with high centrality of context lead to lower online search behavior and higher online social actions. Second, how brands can design messages more effectively was explored by using product information as a moderator that could improve the impact of context-based TV advertisements. Conclusions: Given that expenses in traditional channels are still one of the biggest channel management decisions, it is critical to understand how consumer engagement varies by design of context-based TV advertising.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.91-102
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• 2014

The purpose of this research is to perform the consumer typological study of integrated emerging digital advertisement, where IT and advertisement industry were fused, and to propose the theoretical definition about consumer characteristic which is in need for collection of related market subdivision strategy in perspective of business marketing. For this, the Q methodology, the 'subjectivity' research of qualitative perspective, which discovers new theory by interpreting subjective system of thinking, preference, opinion, and recognition of inner side of respondents, was applied and analyzed. Compared to previous quantitative research that pursues hypothesis verification, this Q methodology is not dependent on operational definition proposed by researcher but pursues for analytic study completely reflecting objective testimony of respondents. For this reason, Q study analyzes in-depth the actual consumer type, which can be found at the initial market formation stage of new service, therefore this study is applicable for theorizing the consumer character as a mean of advanced research. This study extracted thirty 'IT integrated digital advertisement type (Q sample)' from thorough literature research and interviews, and eventually discovered a total four consumer types from analyzing each Q sorting research data of 40 respondents (P sample). Moreover, by interpreting subdivided intrinsic characteristic of each group, the four types were named as 'multi-channel digital advertisement pursuit type', 'emotional advertisement pursuit type', 'new media advertisement pursuit type', and Web 2.0 advertisement pursuit type'. The analysis result of this study is being expected for its value of usage as advanced research of academic and industrial research with the emerging digital advertisement industry as a subject, and as basic research in the field of R&D, Marketing program and the field of designing the advertisement creative strategy and related policy.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.14
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• pp.81-100
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to test consistent relations between business strategy and marketing strategy of product level and to identify association Miles and Snow's strategic typology and Porter's generic strategy. The data were collected by personal interview with top management and marketing managers who worked at strategic business units in industrial and consumer product industry. The result showed that Porter's generic strategy significantly related with strategic marketing activities of product level. Miles and Snow's typology related with innovative marketing and environment management of the product market. But different patterns of strategic activities were not found among strategy types of Miles and Snow. Significant association between Miles and Snow's strategic typology and Porter's generic strategy implicates a possibility of integrated approach of two strategic typologies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.42
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• pp.43-58
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of perceived risk and product express-ive self-image on the consumer's adoption of casua hanbok. A questionnaire was developed and data colle-cted from 269 women in Pusan. Data were analyzed to investigate the relation-ship among purchase intention perceived risk and product epressive self-image. Marketing implication about risk reduction was discussed. The results of this study were as follows. 1. Consumer's perceived risk on adoption o casual hanbok classified into four factors They were the risk on the confirmation of advantage of casual hanbok the risk on the negative viewpoint of others the risk on the complexity of dressing and care and the risk on the shortcoming of casual hanbok. It was explained that casual hanbok is innovative product. 2. According to the level of adoption of casual hanbok. consumers were categorized into three groups i.e. adopter potential adopter rejector. They differed in the degree of risk perception age and subjective knowledge redlated to casual hanbok. 3. Consumer's subjective knowledge age and two types of risk has predicting power to the purchase intention. Consumer's subjective knowledge was the best predicted factor and risk perception was negatively related to purchase intention. 4. The significant differences among the categ-orized consumer group was founded in the ideal self image and product expressive self-image 5. The gap of perception between ideal self-image and product expressive self-image was significantly different in each categorized consumer groups.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.559-573
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• 2008

Internet apparel businesses are required to provide various kinds of consumer information which includes both product information and customer service information. "New Age Elderly" who become an aged man in 21th century are familiar with internet and other high technological tools from their life time experience with technological development and ready to enjoy the convenience the technology offers. As a preliminary step to develop internet consumer information model for elderly consumers, this study examines the US and Korea apparel e-tailing sites targeting elderly consumers. Ten Korean sites and nine US sites were selected and compared for their provision of consumer information in terms of contents, ease to access, and the completeness of the information. Results of data analysis indicate that elderly market in Korea is not yet clearly defined compared to the US. In Korea, elderly consumer market is considered as a part of middle-aged market, and there was no unique target marketing efforts observed. Korean sites are better than the US's sites in terms of shopping information, while the US sites offer detailed information about the company, and customer service information. In both countries, fashion related information is lacking and failing to satisfy fashion conscious elderly consumers. Managerial implications were discussed.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.1361-1369
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• 2021

Recent technological advancements have had a substantial impact on consumer buying behavior. This research aims to determine the factors affecting consumer behavior related to the adoption of self-service technologies (SSTs). The intended findings of this study are expected to contribute to understanding consumer behavior towards the adoption of SSTs taking into account the logic of two main theories in this regard: the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the assumptions of the Behavioral Perspective Model (BPM). This research follows a triangulation approach. Consequently, a number of semi structured interviews were conducted with experts and executive directors from selected SSTs providers in Jordan. In addition, the convenience sampling technique was employed focusing on current (or) previous users of SSTs in the public and private sectors in Jordan using a self-administrative questionnaire (66% response rate). The results confirmed the influence (direct and indirect) of previous experience and personal initiatives and characteristics on consumer intention to use SSTs. In addition, the results indicated the important role of the mediator variables namely: perceived ease of use (EOU), perceived risk (PR), and perceived usefulness (PU) on consumer attitude towards SSTs which in turn will positively affect consumer intention to use SSTs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.38
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• pp.193-211
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• 1998

Without a solid marketing system in placed, the fashion industry cannot flourish on out-standing design or technology alone. Even though the significance of collecting and analyzing information, merchandising, and retail distribution is recognized, these functions are not firmly rooted or prevalent in our industry. In contrast, Italy which possesses similar demographic traits such as the lack of natural resources and other physical factors has succeed-ed in globalizing its fashion market by responding swiftly and exercising flexiblity to its constantly changing consumer demand. This in turn has earned Italy the competitive edge in the global fashion arena. Italy's unique management skills and operation know-how, along with successful market strategies come into play in bringing competitiveness to Italy's fashion market. Firstly, smaller companies with ability to adopt swiftly to the ever changing market. Secondly, fashion friendly social environment. Thirdly, niche marketing through highly specialized system and differentiation. Fourthly, timeless innovation through intense corporate competition. Lastly, establishment of foundations to support the industry through diverse networking. The alone building blocks have formed a basis for erecting an unparalleled market with a reputation for excellence in design and quality in the global fashion world. This study has examined how Italy's fashion industry has evolved from an underdeveloped textile business into a cutting edge fashion in-dustry. Italy's unique business processes and practices were studied to come up with a collection and merchandising ideas in a niche market. By selecting this venue we are able to continuously grow and develop in a market with diverse consumer needs. To analyze the Italian fashion market, data from 3 institutions were utilized, namely, CIT-ER which has provided consumer trends and sales analysis, SITA,a data service provided statistics from the textile and apparel businesses, and NBI has also furnished valuable data. Italian consumer preference, buying behavior, consumer profile, retail channels and other related data from the above institutions has formed a backbone for market segmentation and target markets, and as a result, we were able to zero in on the type of consumer, produce, pricing and retail channels for our womenswear. Going forward the direction is to elevate product image and pretige, and create syn-ergy between related industries, and at the same note, in order to develop internationally recognized brands such as Max Mara and Benetton. Certain elements such as the specialization of the fashion industry, alon-g with fashion-related data base and systems support, and most importantly experts with acute fashion sense and capacity to analyze pertinent data are in need. I firmly believe that we can achieve Italy's level in the fashion market with support from the government and unrelenting effort within the industry itself, and hope that this report can prove to be useful.