• Journal of Information Processing Systems
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.93-104
• /
• 2024

China is playing more predominant role in the liquefied natural gas (LNG) market worldwide and LNG import price is subject to various factors both at home and abroad. Nevertheless, previous studies rarely heed a multiple of factors. A time-varying parameter factor augmented vector auto-regression (TVP-FAVAR) model is adopted to discover the determinants of China's LNG import price and their dynamic impacts from January 2012 to December 2021. According to the findings, market fundamentals have a greater impact on the import price of natural gas in China than overall economic demand, financial considerations, and world oil prices. The primary determinants include domestic gas consumption, consumer confidence and other demand-side information. Then, there are diverse and time-varying spillover effects of the four common determinants on the volatility of China's LNG import price at different intervals and time nodes. The price volatility is more sensitive and long-lasting to domestic natural gas pricing reform than other negative shocks such as the Sino-US trade war and the COVID-19 pandemic. The results in this study further proves the importance of domestic natural gas market liberalization. China ought to do more to support the further marketization of natural gas prices while working harder to guarantee natural gas supplies.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.71-87
• /
• 1993

The purpose of this study is to analyze the restructuring processes of the locations of service industry whose demand has been decrease rapidly. The demand of movie theater has been change dramatically during the last three decades. the spatial distribution patterns of movie theaters have been changed according to the changes in the demand. In order to investigate the locational charateristics of movie theaters, in seoul we surveyed the consumer's behavior. We focused on the study to examine the relationships between the locations of movie theaters and transportation development. Especially, We look at the impacts of the development of subway networks on the locations of movie theaters in Seoul. The dvelopment of subway networks has played a very of movie theaters location. The hierarchicla structures of movie theaters have also chaged. Inspite of declining in the demand for movie theater, the number of first-run movie theaters has been increased continuously. The number of second-run movie theaters has been decreased dramatically. Some of them has been upgraded to first-run theater and some of them has been smallized. But, most of them have been closed. An the other hand the quality of movie theater facilities tends to be higher, while the sizes of movie theaters tends to be smallized.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.209-221
• /
• 2020

Recently, following the commercialization and market entry of smart clothes with diverse functions, smart clothes have been changing from technology-centered products to user-centered products. However, the analysis of consumer demand centered on actual commercialized products is lacking. Therefore, this study classified commercialized smart clothes by function and analyzed the demand and requirements of smart clothes according to sports/outdoor clothes consumption behaviors. As a result, consumers were classified according to their sports/outdoor clothes consumption behaviors into an outdoor leading group with high consumption propensity, an outdoor pursuit group with medium consumption propensity, and an outdoor following group with low consumption propensity. Among the commercialized smart clothes, those with a heartbeat measuring function, those with a heating function, and those with a light-emitting function were presented and demand analysis was conducted. According to the results, the outdoor leading group and the outdoor pursuit group had higher levels of awareness, preference, and purchase intentions than the outdoor following group. In addition, the outdoor leading group showed the highest level of purchase price acceptance while the outdoor following group showed the lowest level of purchase price acceptance. However, this study has a limitation that the acceptance for smart clothes were analyzed with consumers who had experience in sports outdoor clothes consumption. Therefore, in future, studies will be conducted with a wide range of consumers.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
• /
• v.68 no.3
• /
• pp.405-415
• /
• 2019

The considerations of the electrical device' characteristics and the customers' satisfaction have been important criteria for efficient smart grid systems. In general, an electrical device is classified into a non-interruptible device or an interruptible device. The consideration of the type is an essential information for the efficient smart grid scheduling. In addition, customers' scheduling preferences or satisfactions have to be considered simultaneously. However, the existing research studies failed to consider both criteria. This paper proposes a new and efficient smart grid scheduling framework considering both criteria. The framework consists of two modules - 1) A day-head smart grid scheduling algorithm and 2) Real-time sudden demand negotiation framework. The first method generates the smart grid schedule efficiently using an embedded genetic algorithm with the consideration of the device's characteristics. Then, in case of sudden electrical demands, the second method generates the more efficient real-time smart grid schedules considering both criteria. In order to show the effectiveness of the proposed framework, comparisons with the existing relevant research studies are provided under various electricity demand scenarios.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.319-327
• /
• 2008

The purpose of study is to investigate the customer oriented transaction environment for the customers' convenience, the plan of public policy in regard to the customer oriented T-Commerce, and the consumption pattern of customers' commercial transaction, necessary for the marketing strategy by analyzing the demand for the T-Commerce with the purchase intention and maximum willingness to pay according to the demographic factors, the pattern of commercial transaction, and the technology innovation types. The results showed that there were statistically significant relations between consumer's willingness price to pay for the T-commerce and the consumer's technology adoption types, monthly internet shopping amounts, and weekly TV-home shopping hours. The simulations on a basis of multiple regression analysis for the T-commerce were illustrated by those factors.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.43 no.11
• /
• pp.957-965
• /
• 2010

The municipal water is directly related to the people's quality of life. To examine and implement reasonable water policies including management of the water demand and economically sound investment decisions, it is essential to estimate the conceptually correct and empirically valid economic value of water. This study attempts to estimate the consumer surplus and economic value of municipal water which is supplied to 16 cities in Korea using demand curve approach. The results indicate that the consumer surplus and economic value of municipal water in 2009 are estimated as KRW 1,180.7 per $m^3$ and KRW 1,812.8 per $m^3$, respectively. The economic values of municipal water in 16 cities range from KRW 1,082.7 per $m^3$ to KRW 3,268.6 per $m^3$. Moreover, the economic value of non-residential water is higher than that of residential water in all cities, and the economic value of water is higher than the present price of water. This study is expected to provide policy-makers with useful information to assess a policy and to evaluate the price of water.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
• /
• v.65 no.5
• /
• pp.730-737
• /
• 2016

Electric utilities may face new threats with increase in electric vehicles (EVs) in the personal automobile market. The peak demand will increase which may stress the distribution network equipment. The focus of this paper is on an adaptive control of smart household appliances by using an intelligent load management system (ILMS). The main objectives are to accomplish consumer needs and prevent overloading of power grid. The stress from the network is released by limiting the peak demand of a house when it exceeds a certain point. In the proposed strategy, for each smart appliance, the customers will set its order/rank according to their own preferences and then system will control the household loads intelligently for consumer reliability. The load order can be changed at any time by the customer. The difference between the set and actual value for each load's specific parameter will help the utility to estimate the acceptance of this intelligent load management system by the customers.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.35-48
• /
• 2023

In this study, we introduced the development status and the government policy of the Chinese automobile industry under the rapidly changing global economic environment. We conducted a consumer trend survey on automobile purchases by consumers in China. Despite the Chinese government's strong national emission control policy and stricter standards for manufacturing and selling internal combustion engine vehicles, 59.6% of respondents saying they would choose an internal combustion engine vehicle when purchasing a vehicle in the future for various reasons. It was confirmed that there is a significant gap between government policies and consumer perceptions. In addition, we have discovered the recent declining trend of automobile sales in China, and used the monthly sales volume from January 2010 to December 2020 as training set, and the sales volume from January 2021 to November 2022 as a test set. We proposed and evaluated a time-series model for predicting future automobile demand in China. Then, we showed the monthly sales forecast for 2023 when each model was applied.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.67-79
• /
• 2014

Recent research suggested that hospitals have not responded to consumer demand for the improved aesthetic and comfort of their patient garments. Thus a new patient garment has been developed considering human factors based on the Functional-Modesty-Aesthetics model. Based on the reviewed literature and the model, necessary design requirements were identified. Then the patient garment was evaluated in comparison to existing ones with regard to potential patients' satisfaction levels. As a result, the developed patient garment received better evaluations in the aspects of overall aesthetic satisfaction, color satisfaction, and willingness to wear than the existing patient garments.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
• /
• v.64 no.5
• /
• pp.667-679
• /
• 2015

The bearer of the power sector's ETS compliance cost is power consumer for the following reasons. Firstly, power companies are constrained in establishing appropriate strategies to comply with ETS regulations due to the structural differences between the domestic power market and emission trading system. In other words, because power companies do not have a right to determine price and production of electricity, they have to compete with other companies under disadvantaged conditions in the emission trading market. Secondly, because ETS compliance cost is part of power production costs as it is also clearly written in the national greenhouse gas reduction road-map and the second energy supply plan, the cost should be included in power price following the power market operation rule. Thirdly, the most effective method to reduce carbon emissions in power sector is to reduce power demand, which is efficiently achieved through raising power price to a realistic level. Low power price in Korea is the major cause of rising power demand which is also the major cause of rising GHG emission. Therefore, power sector's ETS compliance cost should be included in power price to encourage power consumers' actions on reducing power consumption. Fourthly, when externality cost occurs in the process of delivering public services, usually beneficiary pay principle is applied to identify the cost bearer. Since electricity is one representative public good, the bearer of power sector's ETS compliance cost is power consumer.