• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.181-190
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• 2017

Recently, safety accidents of daily necessities such as humidifier disinfectant, mobile phones, and infant diapers, have occurred frequently. To protect consumers from these accidents, product safety management is required, and a product risk assessment tool is needed to evaluate the degree of safety of the product. In this paper, we have constructed RAS, which is a system that can evaluate product risk based on injury information of product accident in Korea Consumer Agency. RAS consists of an injury information analysis system for analyzing accident-related information and a risk assessment system for assessing risk using information derived from the system. The Bayesian network - based probabilistic method is applied to reflect the causal relationships that affect product risk in the risk assessment process. We used RAS to evaluate 33 children's products and compared them with the results of EU RAPEX RAG. Subsequent tasks include reducing the subjectivity of the input of the accident impact scale, and linking the above two systems.

• CRM연구
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.23-48
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• 2006

Internet B2C marketplace such as 'Auction', 'G Market', 'Daum onket' etc.(called open market) has grown sharply in sales about yearly 100% rate increase in recent 1-2 years in Korea. Although Open marketplace has much reputation and the customer loyalty, almost of merchants participated in open market, which size in sales are medium/small, has poor reputation and trust. Consumers, who have to get in touch with untrustworthy merchants for trade in openmarket, perceive high trade risk which undergo the monetary damages such as 'merchandise never received'. This examines what factors consumer trust develop in online marketplace. This study explores several perceived risk factors in an open market by factor analysis and multi-regression to prove the relationships between the degree of trust for the merchants and the perceived trade risk. 133 data collected from the open market user data in this survey. In this study, the consumer's trade satisfaction in open market is low by 4.2 point degree of 7 point likert scale. and perceives 4 trade risk factors such as (1) 'failure to honor warranty or guarantee' (2) 'defective/poor goods in quality' (3) 'merchandise never received or received late' (4) 'poor information'. the degree of merchant's trust has significant relationship with the degree of perceived risk(sig. = 0.0000, $R^2=.327$) We find that the open market has to enhance the relationship marketing of trust by developing the strategies.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.12 no.6 s.53
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• pp.984-998
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to analyze contents of clothing product evaluation statements in the internet shopping mall and to discover consumers' recognition and evaluation of it. The data were collected from 151 consumers' statements in the four internet apparel shopping malls and a questionnaire was developed to measure consumers' recognition of clothing product evaluation statements. The questionnaire was administrated 272 consumers over 18 years old. The results of this study were as follows; First, The contents of clothing product evaluation statements in the internet shopping blog, were divided into three categories which were product, service and consumer buying decision process. Product category include evaluation of clothing product, description of difference between real product and product on the screen, and advice of uses. Service category include quickness and kindness in delivery, store preference for good service. For consumer buying decision process, motivation of purchasing, perceived risk, expression of satisfaction from good buying and canvassing for purchasing were included. Second, consumer recognized that clothing product evaluation statements has function of furnishing information, confirmation of purchasing decision, risk reduction of internet shopping, and interesting entertainment. Consumers also were dependent on product evaluation statements for making purchasing decision. And it was trusted by consumers. This recognition & evaluation were correlated with consumer's clothing product knowledge, involvement, risk perception of internet shopping, experiences of internet shopping. Managerial implications are provided for internet shopping mall.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.607-621
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• 2009

In order to deal with consumer's demand changes in market condition, it is necessary to have a study on the consumer behavior to promote seafood consumption. The objective of this study is to examine the factors that have influences on consumer involvement of seafood. It is also aim to examine how the situation of seafood factors influences the consumer's behavior in purchasing and consuming the seafood. In this study, I have conducted a survey by using Busan housewives as random sampling. To examine this variable, situation factors that I used if the factor analysis. I also performed a multiple regression analysis to understand how the situation factors influenced the consumer's emotion and their satisfaction within the level of involvement. The result showed that consumer involvement seafood is created by not only interests and preferences, but also knowledge, perceived risk and profits. The seafood situation factors are divided into purchase situation, consumption situation and communication situation: purchase situation includes store factor, while consumption situation includes health factor and cooking-motive factor and communication situation includes information factor. Results of examining whether there are differences in the involvement explains that the involvement is different according to the level and it is divided into 2 groups. The first groups is the high-involvement group that shows preferences and interests, perceived risk and profits. Another group is the low-involvement group that shows preferences and interests, knowledge and profits. The result on examining whether situation sectors have influences on the involvement shows that high-involvement group is only affected by store factor in purchase situation and low-involvement group is only affected by information factor in communication situation.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.601-616
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• 2014

This study's aim was to explore the relationships among consumers' perceived risk, trust, and familiarity with products made in China. We invited 489 Korean adult consumers, who had purchased products made in China earlier, to take part in this investigation. Data analyses were conducted using a reliability test, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling (SEM) with SPSS ver. 21.0 and AMOS ver. 21.0. We assumed that the perceived risk could be classified into four types: financial, performance, psychological, and social risk. The empirical verification through SEM indicated that all four types of the perceived risk represented a negative influence on the trust. Further, only the financial and psychological risks were significant when consumers were not familiar with products made in China (novice); in contrast, the experts (consumers familiar with products made in China) showed that the performance and social risks were effective. Finally, we found that there was a moderating effect of familiarity on the relationship between three types of perceived risk, namely financial, performance, and psychological risks, and trust, but the social risk was not affected. The results of this research should help us to understand the consumers' risk perception of imported goods and to formulate criteria on the basis of which the consumers evaluate these products. This research can help companies, particularly those in China, to formulate market strategies effectively when they enter a foreign market such as Korea by exploring the influence of the perceived risk on local consumers' purchasing behaviors as well.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.346-359
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• 2018

Currently, dramatic change had led to the growth of the distribution environment and the retailer's distribution channel. This change had shifted the 'single channel' to 'multi channel', and from 'cross channel' to 'omni channel'. While fashion companies using omni channel are rapidly growing, few research regarding omni channel had been done in academic field. In this study, we examined the influence of omni channel characteristics on consumers' perceived risk as well as consumers' perceived risk toward attitude and intention to use omni channel. We surveyed 696 male and female respondents aged 20 to 40 who lived in Seoul and the metropolitan area. Using AMOS 20.0, factor analysis, reliability analysis, and structural equation model analysis were performed to verify the model of this study. The results were as follows. First, omni channel's instant connectivity, location-based provability, interactivity, and entertainment factors did not decrease impacts on the perceived risk related to privacy and annoyance. Second, omni channel's instant connectivity and entertainment did not increase effects on the perceived financial risk, and location-based provability and interactivity did not increase effect on perceived financial risk. Third, the perceived risk concerning omni channel did not decrease on consumer attitude toward omni channel. Fourth, consumer attitude toward omni channel influenced the intention to use omni channel significantly.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.887-894
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• 1995

Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles Vol. 19, No. 6 (1995) p. 887~894 The purpose of this study were to reveal the relationships among the consumer's advertising involvement toward each related variables (the prior brand attitude, the consumer responses, the advertising attitude, the brand attitude, and the purchase intention). Also it were to identify these variables differences according to mediated roles of product use experiences. The result of this study were as follows: 1. Consumer advertising involvement were composed of five dimentions; the hedonic involvement, social involvement, utilitarian involovement, perceived risk involvement, and comfortable involvement. 2. There were significant relationships among the five dimentions, such as advertising involvement, the prior brand attitude, the advertising attitude, the brand attitude, and the purchase intention, according to the types of advertising appeal. 3. The related variables were significant differences according to the consumer's product use experiences.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.25-42
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• 2009

This study examines the actual state of using digital convergence products by consumers, and analyzes the expectation that consumers have regarding digital convergence products and the actual satisfaction of the digital convergence products. In addition, it analyzes factors affecting the satisfaction with digital convergence products. First, mobile phones, which 99.4% of those surveyed had, cameras, which 90.6% had, and mp3s, which 71.8% had, were found to be necessities. Second, the ratio of owning digital convergence products was 79.5%, 48.1%, and 52.4%, respectively. In the case of a mobile phones, a digital convergence type is already common. Third, regarding the reason for purchasing digital convergence products, they chose convergence products because there was no product with a simple function that they wanted to have: 38.2% in terms of a mobile phone, 47.2% for a camera, and 28.2% for an mp3. This shows that a consumer's choice was infringed in a great deal at the back of remarkable quantitative growth in digital convergence products. Fourth, the analysis of the factor regarding the consumer's expectation on digital convergence products showed 3 kinds of factors, i.e., expectation of benefit, expectation of risk, and expectation of situation. Fifth, as a result of analyzing the structural model regarding the effect on satisfaction by a consumer's expectation and the outcome on digital convergence products, all the expectations and outcomes of benefit, risk, and situation did not have a direct effect on satisfaction. Only an indirect effect through inconsistency showed a statistical significance.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.129-138
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• 2016

Purpose - The ICT(information and communications technologies) development is affecting consumer behaviors on selecting channel or distribution system. This study aims to advance our knowledge about the factors influencing omni-channel behaviors. This study considers the positive brand experience as the moderating variable into the relationship between omini-channel use intention and consumer brand relation. Also, the effect of positive brand experience on consumer-brand relation is researched. Research design, data, and methodology - This study conducted an empirical test with the subject as customers who purchase goods or service through on-off cross channel simultaneously. The research model is developed from prior literatures about influencing variables on channel selection. The structure of this study is designed to identify causal relationships between the variables. 268 survey data from the questionnaire survey which is conducted to target customers who use online and offline channels, is used for empirical analysis. This study validates generality with descriptive statistics and data reliability with Cronbach's alpha value. The exploratory factor analysis is used for value purification. Then, the confirmatory factor analysis is conducted for structural equation modeling. Finally, the execute structural equation modeling is analyzed to confirm the hypotheses Results - First, the two causal influences between perceived performance risk and the propensity of omni-channel and between price consciousness and the propensity of omni-channel are verified through the empirical test. Second, the result identifies that the propensity of omni-channel is influenced on consumer-brand relationship. Third, the AMOS analysis proves that the moderating variable, positive brand experience, has significant positive impact on consumer-brand relationship. This significant relationship is highly supported by the regression analysis between brand experience and propensity of omni-channel because it results that positive brand experience has positive impact on the propensity of omni-channel. All hypotheses are verified to be true. Conclusions - Based on the empirical result, this study confirms that perceived performance risk and price consciousness are the important factors influencing propensity of omni-channel. According to the additional analysis, the moderating variable and positive brand experience plays important role between the propensity of omni-channel and consumer-brand relationship. Furthermore, positive brand experience influences more on consumer-brand relationship than non-positive brand experience.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.17-22
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• 2020

Purpose: As consumers have difficulty in brand choice due to excessive information, using brand popularity as an advertising cue (e.g., Sales No. 1, Hit Product) has been getting more attention as an effective curation strategy for decreasing consumers' cognitive efforts. Accordingly, recent studies empirically demonstrate that consumers tend to prefer and choose a brand with a popularity cue and offer a useful information regarding how to use a popularity cue in marketing communication. However, extant research has mainly focused on investigating the impact of "brand popularity in a domestic market" on consumer behaviors. Thus, little is known about the effect of "brand popularity in a foreign market" on local consumers' decision-making process. Given that domestic consumers tend to purchase imported products from overseas countries, it can be meaningful information for global companies. Therefore, this research derives and tests the five hypotheses to examine how local consumers respond to brand popularity in a foreign market as an advertising cue. Specifically, it tests the three hypotheses regarding the direct and indirect effects of brand popularity in a foreign market on risk perception and purchase intention. Then, it tests two additional hypotheses about moderating effects of psychic distance on the relationship between brand popularity and risk perception as well as on the relationship between brand popularity and purchase intention. Seventy participants are exposed to an advertisement for an Indian cosmetic brand using a popularity cue in Indian market and answer the questions about brand evaluation. For data analysis, regression analysis is employed. The findings of this research show that perceived brand popularity lowers local consumers' perceived risk with a foreign brand. However, perceived brand popularity does not have a direct impact on purchase intention while it has an indirect effect through perceived risk. Meanwhile, psychic distance moderates the effect of perceived brand popularity on perceived risk level, but it has no impact on the relationship between brand popularity and purchase intention. This research is one of the first studies that demonstrate the positive impact of brand popularity in a foreign market on a local consumer's purchase decision, and it shows the effect can be moderated by psychic distance.