• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.650-657
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• 2009

This study was designed to determine the effects of meat country-of-origin on the perceived quality, perceived risk, perceived value, and purchase intension of restaurant menu items. A total of 237 university students in Seoul were used in the final statistical analyses, which included factor analysis, ANOVA and Duncan's test. The results were as follows: First, in the case of perceived quality, the participants gave higher evaluations of restaurant menu items better when the origin of the foodstuff was Korea. Second, the effects of origin on perceived value were not statistically significant. Third, the effect of origin on the purchase intension of fried chicken was statistically significant, but the effects of origin on the purchase intension of boned rib and fillet were not statistically significant. Lastly, the limitations of this study and suggestions for further research are presented.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.21-38
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• 2009

This study examined the resilience factors of multi-cultural families using depth interviews. Thirty-one multi-cultural families(totaling 98 individuals) were interviewed on a range of issues, including the process of marriage, the attitude of international marriage, family relations, social networks, the process of social adaptation, and their needs for specific social services. The resilience theory was used to categorize resilience factors, multi-cultural families. Analysis of results from depth interviews identified three broad resilience factors. The first was related to for belief systems which included 'family's common goal', The second was related to family functioning systems which included 'family cohesion', 'family adaptability', and 'satisfaction for role-expectation'. The third was related to social networking which included 'satisfaction from social activities'. These resilience factors helped multi-cultural families cope with stressful events and risk situations related to every day life. Results from this study imply that multi-cultural families possess the abilities to lead a meaningful and healthy life-style regardless of obstacles such as communication difficulties, cultural differences, and societal stigma.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.184-189
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• 2002

The effects of dietary Int levels on lipid metabolism under fixed P/S (1.3) and n-6/n-3 (5.1) fatty acid ratios were examined in rats using palm oil, soybean oil and perilla oil. These ratios correspond to the recommended composition of dietary fat for humans. The range of dietary fat levels was 5-20% by weight (11.8-39.3% of total energy). The levels of dietary fat did not influence the concentrations of serum and liver cholesterol, whereas the level of triglycerides was gradually elevated with increasing levels of dietary fat, especially in the liver. The fatty acid composition of tissue phosphatidylcholine seemed to vary with the different levels of fat. The ratio of linoleic acid to arachidonic acid was increased more significantly in the heart than in the liver. In adipose tissue total lipids, the percentages of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids decreased, whereas the percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acid increased, with increasing dietary Int levels. In addition, though the level of aortic prostacyclin was not uniformly affected by increasing dietary fat levels, thromboxane A2 production by platelets tended to increase with higher levels of dietary fat, suggesting an increased risk of thrombosis in this situation. Thus, even though dietary fat may have desirable compositions of fatty acids, these excessive consumption can produce unfavorable metabolic responses.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.85-97
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• 2012

The monitoring of pesticide residues was performed on 33 fruit commodities collected in Gyeonggi-do, Korea from 2006 to 2010. Pesticide residues were detected in 431 samples (16.8%) of total 2,558 samples and violated in 12 samples (0.5%). Annual detection rate showed 6.9%~19.4% with the rate of violation of 0.3%~0.9%. Twenty three samples (69.7%) of 33 commodities were detected and 4 samples (12.1%) were violated. Eight pesticides (EPN, dicofol, carbaryl, procymidone, methidathion, prothiofos, fenitrothion and phenthoate) were violated and 62 pesticides were detected. Chloropyrifos was detected most frequently. The rate of detection and violation of citrus fruits in fruits showed the highest level. Organophosphorus pesticides (35%) and insecticide (57%) were detected most frequently. The hazard index (%ADI) of chronic dietary risk assessment by deterministic approach showed that the lower limit value and upper limit value for the whole population were 0.0000~0.7526 and 0.0000~1.3237 respectively. For the only consumer group, the lower limit value and upper limit value were 0.0006~9.7801 and 0.0058~15.9258 respectively. Therefore the hazard index for the whole population and the only consumer group were evaluated as a safe level.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.917-931
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to understand impulse buying typology for apparel products in the internet shopping. Also, analysis of influences is conducted to ascertain if a influence exists between factors which are consumer's interior factor & exterior condition, marketing stimulus of internet shopping, and consumer's general behavior in internet shopping and impulse buying typology, after offer fundamental information for internet marketing. As a result of analyzing the relationship between consumers' interior factors and impulse buying, the author found out that consumers' pure impulse buying was much influenced by the timing to buy new clothing, willingness to risk trying new designs and preference for up-to-date designs, and enjoyment derived from the buying itself. As a result of analyzing the relationship between consumers' exterior conditions and impulse buying, the author learned that impulse buying was also influenced by shopping time length, shoppers' mood and sentiments, and budgeting. As a result of analyzing the relationship between marketing stimulus and impulse buying, the author found out that impulse buying was the most influenced by facilitative marketing stimuli. Lastly, as a result of analyzing the relationship between shopping behaviors & socio-demographical variables and impulse buying propensities in Internet shopping malls, the author learned that pure impulse buying, reminder & suggestion impulse buying, and planned impulse buying are influenced by the period and frequency of using Internet shopping malls for clothes, purchase amount, and the time length of the shopping.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.12
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• pp.59-75
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• 2003

In order for electronic commerce to be successful, it must have a theoretical framework that considers the characteristics of the internet user who are consumers in the cyber space and impacts their purchase intentions. We were able to obtain participation of 350 people from across the country using 316 responses(34 responses removed), we derived statistics by means of SPSS/PC version 10.0 and AMOS 4.0 statistics package. We found that, the higher the degree of skill and the sense of challenge, the level of involvement and perceived service quality increased. And the degree of skill has a negative influence on awareness of perceived risk than the sense of challenge. Perceived service quality, perceived risk and involvement has a influence on purchase intentions.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.67-93
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• 2006

Some consumers prefer online and others prefer offline. What makes them prefer online or offline? There has been a lack of theoretical development to adequately explain consumers' channel switching behavior between traditional physical stores and new virtual stores. Through consumers' purchase decision processes, this study examined the reasons why consumers changed channels depending on purchase process stages. Consumer's purchase decision process could be divided into three stages: pre-purchase stage, purchase stage, and post-purchase stage. We used the intention of channel selection as a surrogate dependent variable of channel selection. And some constructs, that is, channel function, channel benefits, customer relationship benefits, and perceived behavioral control, were selected as independent variables. In buying look-and-feel products, it was identified that consumers preferred virtual stores to physical stores at pre-purchase stage. To put it concretely, all constructs except channel benefits were more influenced to consumers at virtual stores. This result implied that information searching function, which is a main function at pre-purchase stage, was better supported by virtual stores than physical stores. In purchase stage, consumers preferred physical stores to virtual stores. Specially, all constructs influenced much more to consumers at physical stores. This result implied that although escrow service and trusted third parties were introduced, consumers felt that financial risk, performance risk, social risk, etc. still remained highly online. Finally, consumers did not prefer any channel at post-purchase stage. But three independent variables, i.e. channel function, channel benefits, and customer relationship benefits, were significantly preferred at physical stores rather than virtual stores at post-purchase stage. So we concluded that physical stores were a little more preferred to virtual stores at post-purchase stage. Through this study, it was identified that most consumers might switch channels according to purchase process stages. So, first of all, sales representatives should decide that what benefits should be given them through virtual stores at the pre-purchase stage and through physical stores at the purchase and post-purchase stages, and then devise collaborative channel strategies.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.183-194
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• 2022

Background: No study has examined the regulatory factors associated with fatal health problems due to the use of humidified disinfectants (HD) in South Korea. Objectives: This study aimed to identify and discuss the deficiencies and limitations found in the Toxic Chemical Control Acts (TCCA) that failed to prevent the health risk of chemicals in HD products. Methods: The South Korean TCCA was reviewed focusing on acts in operation from 1994 through the end of 2011, the period when HD was allowed in manufacturing and marketing. Results: The TCCA was the act intended to regulate the toxicity of chemicals in HD products. We found the TCCA to lack three key legal clauses which would have been essential to controlling the health risk of HD. First, there was the exemption of toxic and hazard testing for existing chemicals, including chloromethylisothiazolinone (CMIT), methylisothiazolinone (MIT), and benzalkonium chloride (BKC). Secondly, there were no articles requiring industry to provide animal inhalation test result for polymers such as polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) and Oligo(2-)ethoxyethoxyethyl guanidine chloride (PGH). Finally, there was a lack of articles on examining the risk of products as well as on addressing changes in the usage of products. These articles were found to be generally provided in the US Toxic Substance Chemical Act (TSCA) and the EU Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals (REACH). Conclusions: In conclusion, the Ministry of Environment of South Korea had not updated key articles for regulating hazardous chemicals, causing large-scale health problems due to HD which had been fundamentally addressed in chemical-related acts in other countries.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.27-62
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• 2006

This study suggested the internet self-efficacy construct for explaining consumer's searching information capability. It proposed that consumers who have a high internet self-efficacy feel confident they can search much information which they want to find. And it suggested if consumers have a high internet self-efficacy, they will perceive risk less and will experience flow when they use internet shopping mall also. To examine that effect of internet self-efficacy on flow, perceived risk, attitude, and purchase intention, It suggested hypotheses from the basis of prior studies. All of hypotheses were supported and the findings can be summarized as follows. First, internet self-efficacy had a positive effect on flow and a negative effect on perceived risk. Second, flow had a positive effect on attitude and perceived risk had a negative effect on attitude. Attitude had a positive effect on purchase intention also. In view of the result of analysis, between flow and purchase intention are mediated by and between perceived risk and purchase intention are mediated by attitude also. Finally, perceived risk didn't have an effect on flow.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.279-304
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• 2022

This paper quantitatively analyzes the current status of North Korean consumer payment instruments through a questionnaire survey of 292 North Korean defectors. In the 2010s, it was found that the payment experience ratio of domestic currency cash and grain decreased, while the payment experience ratio of foreign currency cash increased. The use of foreign currency reached a stage where it was spread not only as a store of value but also as a medium of exchange. However, the most frequently used payment instrument by North Korean consumers was still domestic currency cash. By region, in inland urban areas both domestic currency cash and U.S. dollars are used and in the North Korea-China border region both domestic currency cash and Chinese yuan are used, while in inland rural areas dollarization does not occur because both domestic currency cash and grain are used. Meanwhile, despite the stable price trend during 2013-2019, the dollarization hysteresis effect is appearing, and both the purchasing power risk theory and the network externality theory are considered to have explanatory power for the cause. The results of this paper suggest that as dollarization is intensifying, it is expected that more costs such as shortages of commodities will be incurred than in the past if North Korea's de-dollarization policy is reimplemented. Also, in the case of domestic currency cards, which the North Korean authorities introduced in 2015 as part of a means of financial reform, this paper suggests that it may continue to be difficult for domestic currency cards to normalize official finance under the dollarization hysteresis.