• Genomics & Informatics
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.196-204
• /
• 2016

Many researchers have found that one of the most important characteristics of the structure of linkage disequilibrium is that the human genome can be divided into non-overlapping block partitions in which only a small number of haplotypes are observed. The location and distribution of haplotype blocks can be seen as a population property influenced by population genetic events such as selection, mutation, recombination and population structure. In this study, we investigate the effects of the density of markers relative to the full set of all polymorphisms in the region on the results of haplotype partitioning for five popular haplotype block partition methods: three methods in Haploview (confidence interval, four gamete test, and solid spine), MIG++ implemented in PLINK 1.9 and S-MIG++. We used several experimental datasets obtained by sampling subsets of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers of chromosome 22 region in the 1000 Genomes Project data and also the HapMap phase 3 data to compare the results of haplotype block partitions by five methods. With decreasing sampling ratio down to 20% of the original SNP markers, the total number of haplotype blocks decreases and the length of haplotype blocks increases for all algorithms. When we examined the marker-independence of the haplotype block locations constructed from the datasets of different density, the results using below 50% of the entire SNP markers were very different from the results using the entire SNP markers. We conclude that the haplotype block construction results should be used and interpreted carefully depending on the selection of markers and the purpose of the study.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제32권6D호
• /
• pp.673-678
• /
• 2012

도시철도의 건설에 있어서 정확한 수요예측 과정은 매우 중요하고, 정밀한 타당성 검증이 요구되고 있다. 현재 도시철도 수요예측을 위한 교통존 기준은 행정동 단위를 기준으로 하고 있어, 역세권 특성이 반영되지 못하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 역세권의 범위를 세분화하고 거리별 수단분담특성을 파악하여, 도시철도 수요예측의 정밀도를 향상시키는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 사례지역의 거리별 도시철도 수단분담률을 분석한 결과 도심형의 경우에는 500m, 외곽형의 경우에는 1,000m의 역세권 범위 설정이 가능하였다. 또한 기존 행정동 기준의 수요예측에 비해 역세권 세분화에 따른 수요예측결과가 실제치에 근접하여 신뢰도의 향상을 도모할 수 있었다.

• 상하수도학회지
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.511-517
• /
• 2015

Korea's modern waterworks began with construction of DDukdo water treatment plant in 1908 and has been growing rapidly along with the country's economic development. As a result, water supply rates have reached 98.5% based on 2013. Despite multilateral efforts for high-quality water supply, such as introduction of advanced water treatment process, expansion of waterworks infrastructure and so on, distrust for drinking tap water has been continuing and domestic consumption rate of tap water is in around 5% level and extremely poor comparing to advanced countries such as the United States(56%), Japan(52%), etc. Recently, the water management has been facing the new phase due to water environmental degradation caused by climate change, aging facilities, etc. Therefore, K-water has converted water management paradigm from the "clean and safe water" to the "healthy water" and been pushing the Smart Water City(SWC) Pilot Project in order to develop and spread new water supply models for consumers to believe and drink tap water through systematic water quality and quantity management combining ICT in the whole water supply process. The SWC pilot projects in Pa-ju city and Go-ryeong county were an opportunity to check the likelihood of the "smart water management" as the answer to future water management. It is needed to examine the necessity of smart water management introduction and nationwide SWC expansion in order to improve water welfare for people and resolve domestic & foreign water problems.

• 한국응급구조학회지
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.147-178
• /
• 2003

In terms of reinforcing the functions and services of rescue 119 and emergency corps, we must review the following considerations : Building up security system along with operational expansion, building up a system for emergency medical treatment, buliding up a comprehensive information management system for rescue and emergency, constructing a provincial safety museum and so forth. For the ways to better the works of rescue 119, we can review the following considerations : Improving the education for fire fighting trainging corps under Jeju Provicial Fire and disaster management department, providing rescue members with more opportunity for clinical practices, enhancing the morale of rescue members, installing a comprehensive briefing room for emergency rescue members, building up medical networks along with reasonable policies for information service, operating the consulting system for rescue 119 and so on. Provide little more superior quality high fire fighting service to jeju islander, and need long-term and elaborate research to correspond in rising fire fighting man-power demand newly and investment. Construction of well-matched disaster administration system is assignment that must hurry in international free city. That jejudo receives time factor about that is received for another thing area's number of persons or equipment when regional special quality large scale or disaster happens is that of course the support receives limitation immediately. Jeju fire fighting services is one story reform, specialization taking into account particular situation of jeju area to grow as sightseeing and center of culture intending international free city, should be upgraded. So, it may do big contribution naturally in jeju international free city phase that coincide jeju islander's social welfare promotion and safety desire.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
• /
• 제10D권3호
• /
• pp.547-558
• /
• 2003

음악은 서로 다른 높이와 길이를 갖는 음표들을 주어진 박자 안에서 리듬성을 갖도록 나열한 패턴이기 때문에 음악의 선율정보는 시간의 흐름에 따라 정보 값을 갖는 시계열 데이터로 변환할 수 있다 따라서 본 연구에서는 음악의 특성을 유지하도록 선율정보를 정규화와 보정과정을 거쳐 시계열 데이터로 변환하고 유클리드 거리함수를 이용하여 선율정보간의 유사도를 계산하며, 유사성을 갖는 선율들을 클러스터링하여 각 클러스터의 대표성을 갖는 선율을 주제선율로서 추출한다. 그리고 추출된 주제선율로 다차원색인 기법인 M-tree를 이용하여 주제선율색인을 구성한다. 사용자 질의에 대한 검색과정에서도 색인 구성단계와 같은 과정으로 사용자 질의를 시계열 데이터로 변환하여 검색을 한다. 또한, 본 연구에서는 주제선율색인을 이용하여 내용기반 음악 검색을 실시하는 프로토타입 시스템을 개발하여 제안된 주제선율색인 구성기법의 실효성을 시험하였다. 실험결과에 따르면, 주제선율색인을 이용하면 원하는 음악 정보를 적은 공간을 사용하여 빠르고 정확하게 검색할 수 있음을 알 수 있다.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.518-525
• /
• 2016

This paper presents the characteristics of non-fundamental multi-mode combustion instability and the effects of high-harmonic components on the Rayleigh criterion. Phenomenological observations of multi-harmonic-mode dynamic pressure waves regarding the intensity of harmonic components and the source of wave distortion have been explained by introducing examples of second- and third-order harmonics at various amplitudes. The amplitude and order of the harmonic components distorted the wave shapes, including the peak and the amplitude, of the dynamic pressure and heat release, and consequently the temporal Rayleigh index and its integrals. A cause-and-effect analysis was used to identify the root causes of the phase delay and the amplification of the Rayleigh index. From this analysis, the skewness of the dynamic pressure turned out to be a major source in determining whether multi-mode instability is driving or damping, as well as in optimizing the combustor design, such as the mixing length and the combustor length, to avoid unstable regions. The results can be used to minimize errors in predicting combustion instability in cases of high multi-mode combustion instability. In the future, the amount of research and the number of applications will increase because new fuels, such as fast-burning syngases, are prone to generating multi-mode instabilities.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제39권3호
• /
• pp.201-205
• /
• 2015

극지와 해양에서 파이프라인은 최저 약 $-40^{\circ}C$의 매우 낮은 극한 온도에 노출된다. 이 경우 내부 유체는 상온에서와는 다른 유동특성을 나타내며, 3차원 유동해석을 통해 극한온도에 의한 내부유체의 압력, 온도, 속도, 액적분포 등의 특성 변화를 분석해야 한다. 또한 영하의 온도로 인해 내부 유체의 액적이 응결되며, 이로 인해 곡관부에서 충돌침식이 발생할 것으로 예상된다. 이러한 충돌침식은 장기간 운용되는 자원 이송망 등의 파이프라인의 안정성에 영향을 준다. 본 논문에서는 다성분 다상 유동 해석을 통해 극한 온도조건의 극지 및 해양 파이프라인에서 내부유체의 유동특성 및 충돌 침식에 대한 분석을 수행하였다.

• 디자인학연구
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.5-14
• /
• 2003

디지털 매체가 우세한 21세기에 잡지는 신문과 방송, 인터넷 매체의 중간쯤에 폭넓게 자리잡고 있다. 대부분의 사람들이 디지털 기술의 발전과 함께 잡지의 종말을 예상했지만, 예상과 달리 잡지는 보다 자유로운 테마를 갖고 전문화되면서 그 위치를 더욱 확고히 하고 있다. 그러나 인터넷과 같은 디지털 매체는 일상생활에서 무시할 수 없는 미디어로 자리잡았고, 잡지의 디지털 화는 선택이 아닌 필수의 조건이 되었다. 특히 현재 발행중인 인쇄잡지의 웹버전의 개발은 더욱 시급한 문제로 대두되고 있다. 따라서 인쇄 잡지가 기존에 고수하고 있는 아이덴티티를 디지털 매체에 적용 할 수 있는 표현유형에 관한 연구는 필연적인 결과라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 Mgazine Identity의 개념과 구성요소에 관한 연구를 통해 Mgazine Identity의 구축단계를 유형화한다. 이를 바탕으로 국내 ·외 사례를 비교 ·분석하여 현재 발행되고 있는 잡지의 표현유형을 도출해 내고자 한다.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제10권5호
• /
• pp.1921-1929
• /
• 2015

The smart substation is the heart of a transmission system, which is particularly emphasized as the most significant composition of smart grids in China. In order to assess the functionality performance of substation technologies, this paper presents methods used to identify the most promising solutions for smart substation design and to evaluate the technical levels of available technologies. The multi-index optimization model is presented to address the issue of smart substation planning. A mathematical model of the planning decision problem is established with multiple objectives consisting of economic, reliability, and green key indices, and many kinds of concerns including physical and environmentally friendly operations are formulated as a set of constraints. With respect to the assessment of the technical level regarding integration of advanced technologies into a substation, a modified grey whitenization weight function is adopted to structure a novel grey clustering method. The proposed grey clustering approach is used to overcome the difficulty of insufficient quantitative assessment capacity for traditional methods. The evaluation of technical effects provides the classification definition for the development phase and the maturity level of the smart substation. The effectiveness of the proposed approaches in planning decision-making and evaluation of construction efforts is demonstrated with case studies involving the actual smart substation projects of Wenchongkou substation in China Southern Power Grid (CSG) and Mengzi substation in State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC).

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.121-130
• /
• 2016

Purpose: This paper is an attempt to explicate the principle of space and form-making in Le Corbusier's architecture from the viewpoint of integrating and relating architecture with the natural landscape. It shows thereby how the geometrical element of architecture and the non-geometrical element of the nature coexist in terms of form. It also explains how space is deployed for the construction of cognitive system between natural landscape and architectural scenery in terms of space, hoping to make a contribution to design method of contemporary house as an elementary datum. Method: Three issues are studied, focusing on the designs around nineteenth thirties in the earliest phase of Le Corbusier: How architectural form and nature is related, how natural greens is introduced into urbanism, and how natural landscape is introduced to house design. 1) it is studied how the relation between the nature and the formal elements of purism in Le Corbusier's architecture is formed. 2) it is studied how the relation between the nature and architecture proposed in Le Corbusier's urbanism is formed. 3) Le Corbusier's "four compositions" is analyzed in terms of relation-formation between architectural space and the nature. 4) it is studied how the natural landscape is introduced to Le Corbusier's house-design in the form of architectural promenade. Result: It has been found out that the natural landscape in Le Corbusier's architecture is not just a simple background, but a necessary element for the consummation of form and space in his architecture, and that architectural inspiration is maximized with coexistence with nature.