• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.37
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• pp.349-369
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• 2004

Today, in the cultural properties research, there are several methods for knowing the culture of the past through a lot of information that remains and relics contain. Especially, statistical method like presumption of producing center were introduced from computer development at the early 20th century. This study showed the characteristic about firing historic sites presumed as a tile-kiln in the remains of Cheonwang temple sites, Hanam, Gyeonggi province. Also, I used nature scientific methods for correlation between tiles excavated at historic sites and circumference building and obtained there results as follows. First, soft tile parts showed similar water suction ratio(over 10%) like another tiles, except hard tile parts. Second, identification about mineral crystallization in a sample showing low water suction ratio confirmed a result that Mullite, Tridymite, Cristobalite as high temperature crystal form were presented. I know that firing temperature was higher than the other tile parts from this result. Third, statistical analysis from micro-component resulted that tiles excavated at firing historic sites and Cheonwang temple sites were closely connected. As the results, I knew that the tiles got a supply after the establishment of tile-kiln, not at a long distance at the period of Cheonwang temple construction.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.51-64
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• 2019

Mt. Geumgang has been a scenic spot representing the Korean peninsula since the Joseon Dynasty, and became a symbol of inter-Korean exchanges with the Gaesong Industrial Complex after the division of the South and North. Mt. Geumgang Tour Course is divided into the Inner-Geumgang (Naegeumgang) and the Outer-Geumgang (Oegeumgang). It was common for the Mt. Geumgang tour route during the Joseon Dynasty and the Japanese Imperialization period to enter the Inner-Geumgang, near Seoul, and come to the East Sea through the Outer-Geumgang. However, the tour route starting from Goseong was utilized for the Mt. Geumgang tour course operated by Hyundai. Because North Korea opened only the Outer-Geumgang area. North Korea has only opened some of its tour courses to Hyundai, but if Geumgang tourism is resumed in the future, there is a high possibility that it will be opened further, such as opening some sections of the Inner-Geumgang in 2007. In this case, it is necessary to connect additional transportation networks to access Inner-Geumgang from South Korea. The best alternative was the restoration of the Mt. Geumgang Railway. However, considering the fact that the reconstruction of the Mt. Geumgang Railway can not be completed due to the construction of the Imnam Dam, it is the most realistic alternative to restore Route 31 connecting Yanggu and Geumgang-eup. As a result of the analysis of road connecting Inner-Geumgang, three routes were confirmed. All of which were adjacent to the existing National Route 31. These routes passing through Dutayeon and Mundeung-ri and joining the Route 31 from Inje. Considering road length, topography characteristics, and military facility layout, it seems that the connection of 'Dutaeyun - Mundeung - Geumgang' is a realistic alternative connecting from South Korea to Inner-Geumgang.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.49
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• pp.247-275
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• 2016

The classification scheme of records indicates a table that intends to express organic relations between records by organizing records and enabling internal order. Although the principles of organic classification have remained in traditional records management environment, they have been changed to "function and business" in the modern times. Therefore, Korea introduced a business reference model (BRM) based on function and business from 2008 and subsequently implemented its operation. However, it has been pointed out that the roles of the classification scheme of records have not been played because the analysis of "Danwigwaje," which belongs to the lowest level of business reference models, is poor. According to this indication, the Gangbuk District of Seoul Special City established a functional classification scheme by executing a business process analysis of "Danwigwaje." First, the record manager carried out analyses on the principles of "Danwigwaje," small function, and "Danwigwaje." Then, the functional classification scheme of "Danwigwaje" was modified by looking into the opinion inquiry process of the treatment department and performing a test operation. Through the case of the Gangbuk District in Seoul Special City, analytical procedures and methods of "Danwigwaje," as well as implications according to the establishment of a functional classification scheme of basic local governments, were arranged in a written format.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.52
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• pp.315-342
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• 2017

Language is an important medium for communication among the members of society and a mirror that reflects society as a whole. As society and culture change and develop over centuries, language follows suit. To keep up with the changes in the new era and express new concepts, countless new neologisms continue to appear. Recently, the use of neologisms is getting increasingly focused on social networking service and other Internet communication sites, which then spread rapidly through various media. If you look at the popular neologisms on the Internet, it implicitly reflects conflicts between the eras and the generations, people's psychology and ideology, and social phenomena such as culture. The function of neologisms is not solely for the entertainment element of communication but also for criticizing social problems and their vital use as a search keyword. This study focuses on the meaning and importance of gathering information and analyzing records about neologisms that reflect the social phenomenon in a certain period, and this will be labeled as "neologism archiving." This study proposes a direction for the construction of a neologism archive by comparing the currently existing neologism archiving system with the existing dictionary concept. In addition, this study serves as a reminder of the convenience and the contemporary social phenomena, such as smooth communication between generations, and the dissemination of inequality of information sharing. Lastly, this study aims to support experts with their research on neologisms for the social phenomenon.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.45-56
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• 2019

In this study, the seismic risk has been evaluated by setting the bedrock acceleration to 0.154g which, was taking into consideration that the earthquake return period for the buried electric power tunnels in the metropolitan area to be 1,000 years. In this case, the risk assessment during the earthquake was carried out in three stages. In the first stage, the site classification was performed based on the site investigation data of the target area. Then, the LPI(Liquefaction Potential Index) was applied using the site amplification factor. After, candidates were selected using a hazard map. In the second stage, risk assessment analysis of seismic response are evaluated thoroughly after the recalculation of the LPI based on the site characteristics from the boring logs around the electric power area that are highly probable to be liquefied in the first stage. The third Stage visited the electric power tunnels that are highly probable of liquefaction in the second stage to compensate for the limitations based on the borehole data. At this time, the risk of liquefaction was finally evaluated based off of the reinforcement method used at the time of construction, the application of seismic design, and the condition of the site.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

This numerical study was intended to evaluate the applicability of the half charge blasting to mining and tunnelling. The half charge blasting is a method that two separate rounds are sequentially blasted for the rock burdens in which long blast holes have already been drilled at one operation. The aim of the method is to decrease the construction cost and period in mining and tunnelling projects as well as to increase the blasting efficiency. Several numerical analyses were conducted by using the Euler-Lagrange solver on ANSYS AUTODYN to identify the effects of the suggested method on the blasting results in underground excavations. The overall performance of the suggested method was also compared to an ordinary blasting method. The analysis model was comprised of the Eulerian parts (explosive, air, and stemming materials) and the Lagrangian parts (rock material). As a result, it was found that, owing to the air decks formed in the bottom parts of the long blast holes, the first round of the suggested method presented a higher shock pressure and particle velocities in the vicinity of the blast holes compared to the ordinary blasting method.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.110 no.2
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• pp.155-164
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• 2021

Many studies have been conducted on developing automatic plant identification algorithms using machine learning to various plant features, such as leaves and flowers. Unlike other plant characteristics, barks show only little change regardless of the season and are maintained for a long period. Nevertheless, barks show a complex shape with a large variation depending on the environment, and there are insufficient materials that can be utilized to train algorithms. Here, in addition to the previously published bark image dataset, BarkNet v.1.0, images of barks were collected, and a dataset consisting of 53 tree species that can be easily observed in Korea was presented. A convolutional neural network (CNN) was trained and tested on the dataset, and the factors that interfere with the model's performance were identified. For CNN architecture, VGG-16 and 19 were utilized. As a result, VGG-16 achieved 90.41% and VGG-19 achieved 92.62% accuracy. When tested on new tree images that do not exist in the original dataset but belong to the same genus or family, it was confirmed that more than 80% of cases were successfully identified as the same genus or family. Meanwhile, it was found that the model tended to misclassify when there were distracting features in the image, including leaves, mosses, and knots. In these cases, we propose that random cropping and classification by majority votes are valid for improving possible errors in training and inferences.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.241-252
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• 2019

To choose appropriate countermeasures against potential coastal disaster damages caused by a storm surge, it is necessary to estimate the frequency of storm surge heights estimation. As the coastal populations size in the past was small, the tropical cyclone risk model (TCRM) was used to generate 176,689 synthetic typhoons. In simulation, historical paths and central pressures were incorporated as a probability density function. Moreover, to consider the typhoon characteristics that resurfaced or decayed after landfall on the southeast coast of China, incorporated the shift angle of the historical typhoon as a function of the probability density function and applied it as a damping parameter. Thus, the passing rate of typhoons moving from the southeast coast of China to the south coast has improved. The characteristics of the typhoon were analyzed from the historical typhoon information using correlations between the central pressure, maximum wind speed ($V_{max}$) and the maximum wind speed radius ($R_{max}$); it was then applied to synthetic typhoons. The storm surges were calculated using the ADCIRC model, considering both tidal and synthetic typhoons using automated Perl script. The storm surges caused by the probabilistic synthetic typhoons appear similar to the recorded storm surges, therefore this proposed scheme can be applied to the storm surge simulations. Based on these results, extreme values were calculated using the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) method, and as a result, the 100-year return period storm surge was found to be satisfactory compared with the calculated empirical simulation value. The method proposed in this study can be applied to estimate the frequency of storm surges in coastal areas.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.253-264
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• 2019

Storm surges caused by a typhoon occur during the summer season, when the sea-level is higher than the annual average due to steric effect. In this study, we analyzed the sea-level pressure and tidal data collected in 1 h intervals at Incheon, Kunsan, Mokpo, Seogwipo stations on the Yellow Sea coast to analyze the summer season storm surge and wave overtopping. According to our analyses, the summer mean sea-level rise on the west and south coasts is approximately 20 cm and 15 to 20 cm higher than the annual mean sea-level rise. Changes in sea-level rise are closely related to changes in seasonal sea-level pressure, within the range of 1.58 to 1.73 cm/hPa. These correlated mechanisms generates a phase difference of one month or more. The 18.6 year long period tidal constituents indicate that in 2090, the amplitude of the $M_2$ basin peaks on the southwest coast. Therefore, there is a need to analyze the target year for global warming and sea-level rise in 2090. Wave overtopping was simulated considering annual mean sea-level rise, summer sea level rise, the combined effect of nodal factor variation, and 100-year frequency storm surge. As a result, flooding by wave overtopping occurs in the area of Suyong Bay, Busan. In 2090, overtopping discharges are more than doubled than those in Marine City by the recent typhoon Chaba. Adequate coastal design is needed to prepare for flood vulnerability.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.45-52
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• 2018

Currently, apartments have become an important research subject for the overall area of politics, economics, and culture as well as urban architectural study. However, there are few analyses of the research trends related to the current interest in the apartment research and prediction of the future changes of an apartment in politics and industry. In this study, the research information related to the apartment has classified, and the changes in the research trends have analyzed. Based on the classified data, the first thesis and dissertation related to the apartment and changes of academic notation have discovered. In addition, future interests and future research directions through Frequency of Appearance, Degree Centrality Analysis, and Betweenness Centrality Analysis of author keywords were predicted. As a result of the analysis, 'Space,' 'Residential Mobility' and 'Apartment Complex' studies were found to be important research topics throughout the entire period. 'Han Gang Apartment,' 'Small Size Apartment,' 'Civic Apartments,' 'Jamsil,' and 'Child' were newly interested topics until 70's era. '(Super) High-rise Apartment,' 'Perception,' 'Jugong Apartment,' 'Housing Environment,' 'Housewife,' 'Apartment Layout,' and 'Busan' were newly interested topics during the 80's and 90's era. 'Apartment Price,' 'Energy,' 'Remodeling,' 'Noise,' 'Resident Satisfaction,' 'Community,' and 'Apartment Lotting-out' were newly interested topics after the year 2000. New concerns for last decade are found to be 'Super High-rise Apartment', 'Remodeling', 'Indoor'(2007), 'Apartment Reconstruction Project', 'Brand', 'AHP', 'Housing Environment'(2008), 'Ventilation'(2009), 'Apartment Lotting-out'(2010), 'Economic Assessment'(2011), 'Cost'(2012), 'Green Building', 'Apartment Sales', 'Law', 'Society'(2013), 'Floor Impact Noise', 'Seoul'(2014), 'Noise'(2015), 'Hedonic Model'(2016). In addition, following research topics are expected to be active in the future: In maturity stage of the research development is going to be 'Apartment Price', 'Space', 'Management of Apartment Housing'; the hedonic model, which is research growth and development stage, is going to be '(Floor Impact) Noise', 'Community', 'Energy.