• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.58-68
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• 2002

Objectives: This paper was for studying the features of stool according to Sasang constitution and to be helpful to make a diagnosis Sasang constitution. Using the result of this study, it will be helpful to diagnose a Sasang constitution. Methods: There were 504 patients(214 men and 290 women) who answered questionnaire and were diagnosed by the Sasang constitution specialist at constitutional clinic of Dongguk Bundang Oriental Hospital. Using the response of questionnaire and several statistical techniques, we tried to find the characteristics of each constitution depending on its stool behaviors. Results: As a result of the analysis of questionnaire, the stool of Taeumin and Soyangin got, on the average, more scattered than the stool of Soeumin(p<0.05). In a view of defecation time, feeling after defecation and thickness of stool, there was no difference between Sasang constitution.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.15-21
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• 2015

This study proposed a Sasang constitution classification system that can increase the objectivity and reliability of Sasang constitution diagnosis using the image of frontal face, in order to solve problems in the subjective classification of Sasang constitution based on Sasang constitution specialists' experiences. For classification, characteristics indicating the shapes of the eyes, nose, mouth and chin were defined, and such characteristics were extracted using the morphological statistic analysis of face images. Then, Sasang constitution was classified through a SVM (Support Vector Machine) classifier using the extracted characteristics as its input, and according to the results of experiment, the proposed system showed a correct recognition rate of 93.33%. Different from existing systems that designate characteristic points directly, this system showed a high correct recognition rate and therefore it is expected to be useful as a more objective Sasang constitution classification system.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.3 s.63
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• pp.80-97
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• 2005

Backgrounds : In recent years there has teen renewed interest in the importance of 8-constitution medicine as evidenced by growth of research in this field. Although diagnosis by 8-constitution depends on pulse types, it still is subjective and thus could be insignificant. Therefore, diagnosis based on objective characteristics is essential. Objectives : The purpose of this study was to find objective characteristics of the 4-constitution groups {木(Mok; hepatonia, cholecystonia), {土(To; pancreotonia, gastrotonia), {金(Gum; pulmotonia, colonotonia), {水(Soo; renotonia, vesicotonia)} in 8-constitution for further diagnosis and therapy. Also, some significant clinical tendencies of 4-constitution groups were studied. Methods : From Nov. 2001 to Apr. 2004, data were collected through a questionnaire given to 720 patients who were classified into one of 8 constitutions according to their pulse types and their responses to constitution-based acupuncture therapy. The questionnaire was composed of 80 items which were about personality, physical shape, habit, physiological and pathological symptoms, response to drugs, favorites and responses to various foods. The data were statistically analyzed by cross-tabulation and one-way analysis of variance, and SPSS V10.0.7PC was used. Results : The results are summarized as follows: 1) Among participants, proportions of hepatotonia, pancreotonia, and cholecystotonia were higher than those of vesicotonia, pulmotonia, colonotonia, renotonia, grstrotonia. 2) 52 items of 80 variances showed significant differences by gender, 3) 13 items were highly correlated with 4-constitution groups in males, and 26 items in fremales. 4) 22 items showed significant group differences among 4-constitution groups in males, and 41 items in females. Also, for each item 4-constitution groups were sorted according to their means, so that the constitutional tendencies were objectively figured out by personality, shape, habit, physiological and pathological symptoms, response to drugs, favorites and responses to foods. Conclusions : Most clinical characteristics of 4-constitution groups found in this study coincided with those from the previous ones in this fold. Thus, classifying patients into one of the 4-constitution groups based on significant objective characteristics is of great benefit to diagnosis and therapy. further study should be followed to improve proper therapy for each constitution.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.15-22
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• 2010

Objective : This study aims to search Four-constitution Medicine based acupuncture by investigators and its effect on constitution-specific symptoms. Method : Among 463 oriental medical doctors who are the members of society of Four-constitution Medicine, 191 results are collected. The items of the questionnaire are sex, age, work experiences, working type, constitution diagnosis & prescription, the use of constitution acupuncture and so on. Result : The proportion of acupuncture treatment applied constitution-based acupuncture to patients are "Must Use" 12.6%, "Almost Use" 14.1%, "Sometimes Use" 42.9% and "Never Use" is 1.0%. The average ratio of patients treated by constitution-based acupuncture to all patients is 47%. 1. Digestive tract disease is found to be the most effective disease with constitution based acupuncture. Musculoskelectal problems, cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, neuropsychiatric disease and urogenital disease are followed. On the oriental medicine, spleen system disease is the most frequently applied and heart system disease, neuropsychiatric disease, liver system disease, locomotorium disease and pulmonary system disease are followed. 2. Acupuncture therapeutic measures are different according to disease. For example, Sa-am acupuncture is the most widely used for spleen system disease, locomotorium disease, heart system disease, neuropsychiatric disease, pulmonary system disease. Eight constitution medicine acupuncture is effective for ophthalmic & otolaryngologic disease. Conclusion : This study is to investigate constitution-based acupuncture technique. In conclusion, the most widely used technique is Sa-am acupuncture and it is the most successful in treating digestive tract disease.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.193-212
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• 1992

Comparative hormones quantities on the blood analysis was carried out to investigate the hormones specific characters on the blood in four types of physical constitution. Thyroid-stimulating (TSH), triiodothyronine($T_3$), triiodothyronine uptake($T_3$ uptake), free triiodothyronine(free $T_3$), thyroxine($T_4$), free thyroxine (free $T_4$), thyroxine-binding globulin(TBG), adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH), luteinizing hormone(LH), testosterone were measured. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. The value of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) on the constitution didn't shown significant difference, while the value of So-EUM-IN was increased and SO-YANG-IN was decreased. 2. The value of triiodothyronine($T_3$) on the constitution didn't shown significant difference, while the value of TAE-EUM-IN was decreased. 3. The value of triiodothyronine uptake($T_3$ uptake) on the constitution didn't shown significant difference, but between the value of TAE-EUM-IN and SO-EUM-IN, TAE-EUM-In and SO-YANG-IN showed significant difference. 4. The value of free triiodothyronine(free $T_3$) on the constitution didn't shown signifcant difference, but between the value of TAE-EUM-IN and SO-EUM-In, TAE-EUM-In and SO-YANG-IN showed significant difference. 5. The value of thyroxine($T_4$) on the constitution didn't shown significant difference, while the value of TAE-EUM-IN and SO-YANG-IN showed difference. 6. The value of free thyroxine(free $T_4$) on the constitution didn't shown significant difference, but between the value of TAE-EUM-IN and SO-YANG-IN showed significant difference. 7. The value of thyroxine-binding globulin(TBG) on the constitution didn't shown significant difference. 8. The value of adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH) on the constitution didn't shown significant difference. 9. The value of luteinizing hormone(LH) on the constitution didn't shown significant difference, but between the value of TAE-EUM-IN and SO-EUM-IN, TAE-EUM-IN and SO-YANG-IN showed significant difference. 10. The value of testosterone on the constitution didn't shown significant difference.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.107-126
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• 2008

Background : There was seldom study about method that diagnose 8 Constitution beside method of pulse diagnosis in 8 Constitution Medicine. Objectives : This study is to make out 8 Constitution Medicine Diagnosis Expert System Development used CBR(Case based Reasoning). Methods : First, at case base construction process we constructed case base for CBR embodiment because gathering 925 cases all to patient who constitution is verified, and second, at study model establishment process superior expert system development by purpose CBR of reasoning process dividing fundamental type CBR that spend basis data value and expert type CBR that reflect weight in basis data value accordin I II III to advice expert opinion, and third, system embodiment process explained about way to give process and weight that diagnose constitution through Nearest Neighbor Method sampling process of CBR techniques, and fourth, at system estimation process we selected superior CBR model because comparing and estimate the diagnosis rate of expert system with fundamental type system (GECBR) model and expert type I II III CBR system (AVCBR, AACBR, AGCBR) model that reflect expert opinion in fundamental type system. GECBR and AGCBR chose on superior study model. Through such 4 study process, we developed 8 constitution diagnosis expert system lastly. Results : 1. When we select GECBR that is fundamental type by reasoning system, diagnosis rate 78.91% of 8 constitution diagnosis expert system is expected, and the constitution diagnosis rate Hepatonia 90.4%, Cholecystonia 63.0%, Pancreotonia 91.1%, Gastrotonia 0%, Pulmotonia 71.2%, Colonotonia 74.4%, Renotonia 37.5%, Vesicotonia 67.1% expect. 2. When we select AGCBR that is expert type III by reasoning system, diagnosis rate 77.51% of 8 constitution diagnosis expert system is expected, and the constitution diagnosis rate Hepatonia 93.4%, Cholecystonia 58.5%, Pancreotonia 91.1%, Gastrotonia 0%, Pulmotonia 73.1%, Colonotonia 64.4%, Renotonia 41.7%, Vesicotonia 72.2% expect. Conclusion : Based on this study, 8 constitution diagnosis expert system may give help to diagnose 8 constitution, and it is going to utilize as objective estimation tool of 8 constitution diagnosis, and further study for 8 Constitution Medicine Diagnosis Expert System Development used CBR(Case based Reasoning) is needed to supplement this study.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.142-184
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• 2008

Background: There was seldom study about method that diagnose 8 Constitution beside method of pulse diagnosis in 8 Constitution Medicine. Objectives: This study is to make out 8 Constitution Medicine Diagnosis Expert System Development used CBR(Case based Reasoning). Methods: First, at case base construction process we constructed case base for CBR embodiment because gathering 925 cases all to patient who constitution is verified, and second, at study model establishment process superior expert system development by purpose CBR of reasoning process dividing fundamental type CBR that spend basis data value and expert type I II III CBR that reflect weight in basis data value according to advice expert opinion, and third, system embodiment process explained about way to give process and weight that diagnose constitution through Nearest Neighbor Method sampling process of CBR techniques, and fourth, at system estimation process we selected superior CBR model because comparing and estimate the diagnosis rate of expert system with fundamental type system (GECBR) model and expert type I II III CBR system (AVCBR, AACBR, AGCBR) model that reflect expert opinion in fundamental type system. GECBR and AGCBR chose on superior study model. Through such 4 study process, we developed 8 constitution diagnosis expert system lastly. Results: 1. When we select GECBR that is fundamental type by reasoning system, diagnosis rate 78.91% of 8 constitution diagnosis expert system is expected, and the constitution diagnosis rate Hepatonia 90.4%, Cholecystonia 63.0%, Pancreotonia 91.1%, Gastrotonia 0%, Pulmotonia 71.2%, Colonotonia 74.4%, Renotonia 37.5%, Vesicotonia 67.1% expect. 2. When we select AGCBR that is expert type III by reasoning system, diagnosis rate 77.51% of 8 constitution diagnosis expert system is expected, and the constitution diagnosis rate Hepatonia 93.4%, Cholecystonia 58.5%, Pancreotonia 91.1%, Gastrotonia 0%, Pulmotonia 73.1%, Colonotonia 64.4%, Renotonia 41.7%, Vesicotonia 72.2% expect. Conclusion: Based on this study, 8 constitution diagnosis expert system may give help to diagnose 8 constitution, and it is going to utilize as objective estimation tool of 8 constitution diagnosis, and further study for 8 Constitution Medicine Diagnosis Expert System Development used CBR(Case based Reasoning) is needed to supplement this study.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.105-110
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• 2004

Objectives : Sasang Constitutional Medicine is based on the diversity of human beings and medically developing a variation of responses to diseases and medicines. This diversity is categorized into four concerning morphology, physiology, pathology, and pharmacology. It is supposed that sasang constitutional medicine is related the genetic diversity of individuals. Single nucleotide polymorphism is the basic tool to research genetic polymorphism as a landmark of genomes. Each constitution has different processes of pathophysiology and metabolisms to herb medications. In clinical research, the stroke incidence is significantly different by constitution. Methods : We researched whether the polymorphic expression of CCK (rs=2241997) depends on sasang constitution. The [c/t] polymorphism site of promotor region of CCK gene on 3p22-p21.3 was investigated. Results : The allele frequency of [c/t] polymorphism of CCK promotor region was different in constitution groups compared to the average allele frequency of SNP DB. The allele frequencies of Soeumin and Soyangin groups were (c:0.70/t:0.30). and (c:0.71/t:0.29), that of Taeumin group was (c:0.57/t:0.43) and of Taeyangin group was (c:1.00/t:0.00) Conclusions : It was regarded the [c/t] polymorphism of CCK promotor region is available to classify the constitution. However, it is necessary to research about CCK gene polymorphism and more constitution population groups. It is also necessary to research the more functional gene's polymorphism and sasang constitution.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.107-114
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• 2009

1. Objectives : We analyzed the case reports published by the journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, to study Sasang Constitution diagnosis and characteristic of clinical practice. 2. Methods : It has been examined 138 case reports of Sasang Constitution society published from 1994 to 2008. We analyzed. patient's number, publication year, distribution of Sasang Constitution, title's characteristics and bases of constitution diagnosis. 3. Results and conclusions : 1) In the analysis of patient's number, 1 case report was almost part of the case reports, and the case reports ware many published after 2001. 2) In the analysis distribution of Sasang Constitution, Soyangin was the most Sasang Constitution, and Tae-umin was the next one and Soeumin, Taeyangin followed them. 3) In the analysis of the journal's title, Sasang Constitution, disease and symptom of Sasang Constitution were more important than prescription recently. 4) In the analysis of the journal's purpose, unique disease and response of treatment were almost part of the case reports. 5) In the analysis of diagnosis bases, subjective bases were more important than objective bases and Sasang Constitutional drug response. therefore we should do researches in objective bases and drug response in the future.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.149-160
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• 2015

Objectives In this research, the difference of constipation according to the constitution was identified for healthy adult female, and oriental medical methods for prevention and treatment of constipation was sought by comparing constitution and lift style. Methods Total 604 adult female subjects who were older than 20 years were invited for the research from Apr. 2010 to Oct. 2010, and their constitutions and life style were diagnosed. The collected data was analyzed with computer software of SPSS 19.0. Results In the results, Taeumin group was diagnosed to have the highest number of constipation (p<.017), and they answered with the highest frequency in terms of "eat a lot" and "eat irregularly" (p<.009) than other constitution groups. It was also found that 44.5% of Taeumin eats food very fast (p<.034), and Taeumin drinks lots of water (p<.003). However, Soumin showed the highest frequency of "indigestion" (p<.000) and "fatigue" (p<.003) than other constitution groups. Conclusions In conclusion, life style as well as the innate characteristic of constitution is important for the prevention of constipation. Therefore, it is suggested to understand the inherent differences of constitution and to care health by correctly identifying their own constitution.