• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1038-1040
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the constituents of pumpkin, to develop of health food using pumpkin. Crude protein contents of skin (19.82%) and fiber (16.43%) were higher than that of flesh. Crude lipids contents of skin (2.84% ) was higher than those of flesh and fiber. Major free sugars in pumpkin were sucrose, fructose and glucose. Total sugar contents in the flesh was higher than that of fiber. This tendency was opposite to reducing sugar contents. Also, free sugar contents in pumpkin were flesh (30.19 mg/100 g), fiber (22.99 mg/100 g) and skin (15.67 mg/100 g), respectively. The total Phenol and carotenoid contents in 100 g of fiber revealed 379.8$\pm$9.76 mg and 43.71$\pm$1.46 mg, corresponding to 47% and 62% of the total phenol and carotenoid contents of pumpkin. Total flavonoid content in 100 g of skin revealed 81.5$\pm$3.56 mg.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 1988

This study was performed to analyze flavor components of foods, that is, total free amino acids, free glutamic acid(constituent of MSG) and nucleotide relating substances. Twenty-five foods popular to Korean were selected and prepared according to recipes of several cooking books. The results were as follows; In contents of total free amino acids, free glutamic acid and total nucleotide relating substances, similar Patterns were shown. The foods which their major food stuffs were meat, fish and marine products and which a large amount of soy sauce were added to, tended to show high contents. of those On the other hand, although major foodstuffs had relatively high contents of those, foods added other many sub-foodstuffs had shown intermediate contents of those. Soups and watery noodles had low contents of those because of their large water amount. Especially, foods made of vegetables without addition of soy sauce showed low content of IMP. In foods various ratios of free glutamic acid to IMP were calculated. Thus, the proper usage of the chemical seasoning containing nucleotide at various contents should be considered for efficient flavor enhancing effect.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.216-220
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• 2002

This study was conducted to know the change pattern of chemical components, especially proximate constituents, saponin and free sugars in roots of 4-year ginseng according to different harvesting time, and to find out the optimum harvesting time on the basis of chemical components in fourth year ginseng root. The crude protein content was 20.77% of the highest on the April (shootinzg stage),13.13% of the lowest on the June among all growing stages, and was constant at 17% after the August. But crude oil and fiber contents showed the highest value on the May (flowering stage). The content of total sugars which was the largest constituent among the chemical components in ginseng root was in the range of 60~7(1% during the all growing stages. It showed the highest value of 7l% on the June, but the lowest of 60% on the May. The total free sugar contents was the highest on the April (20.40%), but the lowest on the May (11.89%). The change pattern of sucrose contents (10.96-19.60%) was same as the total sugars contents (11.89-20.40%), on the other hand, the contents of glucose and maltose were not changed significantly during all harvesting times. The contents of crude saponins and total ginsenosides had the value of 7.60% and 4.09% on the May, respectively. That was statistically significant, but the other harvesting times were not. Therefore, on the basis of the only chemical characteristics in the four year-old ginseng root, we suggest that the harvesting on the May at flowering stage was most proper time.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.16
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• pp.42-48
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• 1998

Contemporary space design has based on the framework of academic standards on a number of scientific propositions in order to find out correlation of human and environment and closely examine approaches of a normative design. However the contents are enormous and introductory and have limitation of application to practical business affairs so that we will have to understand them as a thinking to explain the design with,. Therefore this study is an experimental research making use of concrete design approaches applicable to the area of space design ad cinematic construction as a medium. The purpose and significance of it lies in examining its validity and contributing to the future development of space design. Accordingly this study conducted the research through a literature survey for the understanding of space perception in the cinema deduced the language of design concept according to it examined the basic unit of cinematic construction then analyzed the cases of practical architectural spaces. The findings of this study indicate that human's perception to space and the cinema is deduced as a common conceptual language characterized by the ideas of articulation scenery and timeness. These concepts are very organic and interdependent and can probably become a means for human to appropriately analyze an behavior attribute type of investigating environment with. Also in composing space the basic units of cinematic construction can be as instrument to be easily applied to practical affairs as they are correlated with the function of space and a constituent language to be reasonably designed.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.83-87
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• 2001

The morphology and mechanical properties of the blends of a syndiotactic polystyrene (SPS) and poly-styrene-block-poly(ethylene-co-butylene)-block-polystyrene copolymers (SEBS) with various polystyrene block contents are studied. Mechanical properties, especially elongation at break and impact strength (IS), of the blend depend upon the morphology and interfacial adhesion, which in rum are affected by the viscosity ratio of constituent components and the styrene block content in SEBS. The IS of a blend was affected by the combined effect of rubber content and the interfacial adhesion. A maximum IS was found for a blend with the weight fraction of the PS block in an SEBS of 0.18. The IS of blends with smaller weight fractions of the PS block exhibited lower due to poor interfacial adhesion between SPS/SEBS in spite of a larger amount of rubber block. On the other hand, the IS of blends with larger weight fraction of the PS block becomes smaller due to lower amounts of rubber block in spite of better interfacial adhesion.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.30-40
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• 2013

The essential oils of stems, roots, fruits and leaves of Lindera obtusiloba BL. were collected in the winter and summer extracted by simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE) apparatus and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In present study, 58 kinds of volatile components in the winter stems (WS), 70 in the winter roots (WR), 77 in the summer stems (SS), 78 in the summer roots (SR), 70 in the summer fruits (SF) and 76 in the summer leaves (SL) were identified. The results showed that, the major components were monoterpenes including ${\alpha}$-thujene (1.22~13.80%) camphene (1.56~18.40%), ${\beta}$-mycrene (1.75~9.27%), limonene (5.57~12.83%), ${\beta}$-phellandrene (3.03~7.72%), linalyl acetate (2.29~12.55%), dihydromycrene (0~11.15%), germacrene B (0~7.54%) of which the contents had major fluctuations in different seasons and parts. In general, monoterpenes were the major constituent of SF in L. obtusiloba BL. that have presented possibilities for industrial applications.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.148-154
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• 2008

Excessive alcohol use causes oxidative stress in the liver, and antioxidant therapy has been an attractive approach for the treatment of ethanol-induced liver damage. The present study examined the hepatoprotective effect of Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai (Korean name, Jeju-Joritdae) in C57BL/6 mice intoxicated with ethanol. Mice were intraperitoneally administered with ethanol alone, or together with test materials three times at 12-h intervals. At 3 h after the last dosing, hepatotoxicity was assessed based on serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, and hepatic contents of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and glutathione. Sasa quelpaertensis extract mitigated the acute ethanol hepatotoxicity as effectively as silymarin. Its n-butanol fraction was more active than methylene chloride or aqueous fraction. p-Coumaric acid, a major constituent of S. quelpaertensis, was found to effectively prevent the ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity. These data suggest that S. quelpaertensis and p-coumaric acid could be useful for the prevention of liver disease caused by alcohol abuse.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.32-37
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• 1998

The objective of this study was to analyze lodging-related traits using different cultivars from Korea, Japan, and the U.S. in direct seeded rice on dry paddy field. Stem diameter and culm wall thickness were highest in 'Caloro' followed by 'Nongan', 'M202', and 'Calrose'. All the U.S. cultivars were higher than the others in stem diameter and culm wall thickness. These two traits were important with regard to lodging. The highest breaking strength (1442g) was observed in Caloro. 'Gancheoek', 'Dongjin', and transplanted 'Hatsuboshi' showed more than 1000g in breaking strength. Lodging index was lowest in Hatsuboshi followed by Nongan and Gancheok. Even though breaking strength of the U.S. cultivars was higher than others, their lodging index values were high. There were no statistically significant differences in starch content. However, Calrose, Caloro, Dongjin, and Koshihikari were relatively higher than others in starch content. Positive correlations were found between culm base weight, lignin and breaking strength. High contents of lignin and cellulose were observed in Nongan, transplanted Hatsuboshi, Calrose, and Caloro. Traits such as stem diameter, culm wall thickness, bending moment, culm length, breaking strength, cellulose, lignin, and culm base weight were closely related to a lodging index. According to path coefficient analysis, most important traits were culm length, stem diameter, thickness of clum wall, and top plant weight.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1336-1341
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• 2009

Quantitative changes in functional constituents of waxy corn (Zea mays L.) by 5 different thermal pretreatments, including roasting, steaming, microwave, puffing, and extruding, were determined and compared with those of the raw waxy corn. There were no significant differences in fatty acid compositions among the corn treated with 5 thermal treatments. Levels of $\alpha$- and $\gamma$-tocopherols, soluble amino acids, and phytosterols decreased by thermal treatments, while those of p-coumaric and ferulic acids considerably increased by thermal treatments. In particular, the contents of tocopherols and phytosterols, and souble amino acid decreased significant in the steaming and puffing processes, respectively, whereas those of 2 free cinnamic acids increased significantly in the steaming and puffing processes. The extruding process showed smaller quantitative changes in tocopherols, phytosterols, and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives compared to other heat pretreatments. These results suggest that the extruding process have a positive effect on valuable phytochemicals in waxy corn.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.89-93
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate a point of difference in chemical characteristics between normal and inferior Korean red ginseng (Naeback red ginseng=red ginseng with white part of clear boundary in phloem and/or xylem of ginseng body, saengnaeback red ginseng=red ginseng with white part of indistinct boundary). content of total sugar as chemical components of naeback and saengnaeback part from Korean red ginseng were less than that of normal part, and content of reducing sugar in normal and saengnaebakc part showed higher than that of naeback part. But differences in content of total phenolic compounds was not found. The content of crude saponin in normal part was highest, amounts of ginsneoside were about same. The content of constituent amino acid in normal part was about 2 times as compared with those in naeback and saengnaeback part in red ginseng. Among the various amino acids, the contents of arginine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, leucine and alanine of normal and naeback part were higher than others, but in saengnaeback proline, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, threonin and glycine etc. were higher. In the total amount of free amino acids, those in normal, naeback and saengnaeback part were about the same one another, and arginine, glutamic acid and aspartic acid were major free amino acids.