• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.206-211
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• 2017

The effect of temperature on the rate of systemic infection of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Chu-Baek) by Potato virus Y (PVY) was studied in growth chambers. Systemic infection of PVY was observed only within the temperature range of $16^{\circ}C$ to $32^{\circ}C$. Within this temperature range, the time required for a plant to become infected systemically decreased from 14 days at $20^{\circ}C$ to 5.7 days at $28^{\circ}C$. The estimated lower thermal threshold was $15.6^{\circ}C$ and the thermal constant was 65.6 degree days. A systemic infection model was constructed based on experimental data, using the infection rate (Lactin-2 model) and the infection distribution (three-parameter Weibull function) models, which accurately described the completion rate curves to systemic infection and the cumulative distributions obtained in the PVY-potato system, respectively. Therefore, this model was useful to predict the progress of systemic infections by PVY in potato plants, and to construct the epidemic models.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.726-736
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• 2004

In this paper, kinetics of reaction between Bromophenol blue (BPB) and $OH^-$, called fading, has been studied through a spectrophotometric method in the presence of nonionic Triton X-100 (TX-100), anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and cationic dodecyl trimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) surfactants. The influence of changes in the surfactant concentration on the observed rate constant was investigated. The results are treated quantitatively by pseudophase ion-exchange (PPIE) model and a new simple model called "classical model". The binding constants of BPB molecules to the micelles and free molecules of surfactants, their stoichiometric ratios and thermodynamic parameters of binding have been evaluated. It was found that SDS has nearly no effect on the fading rate up to 10 mM, whereas TX-100 and DTAB interact with BPB which reduce the reaction rate. By the use of fading reaction of BPB, the binding constants of SDS molecules to TX-100 micelles and their Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms were obtained and when mixtures of DTAB and TX-100 were used, no interaction was observed between these two surfactants.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권12호
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• pp.4571-4584
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• 2022

The analysis of rapid flow transients in Reactor Coolant Pumps (RCP) is essential for a reactor safety study. An accurate and precise analysis of the RCP coastdown is necessary for the reactor design. The coastdown of RCP affects the coolant temperature and the colloidal crud in the primary coolant. A realistic and kinetic model has been used to investigate the behavior of activated colloidal crud in the primary coolant and steam generator that solves the pump speed analytically. The analytic solution of the non-dimensional flow rate has been determined by the energy ratio β. The kinetic energy of the coolant fluid and the kinetic energy stored in the rotating parts of a pump are two essential parameters in the form of β. Under normal operation, the pump's speed and moment of inertia are constant. However, in a coastdown situation, kinetic damping in the interval has been implemented. A dynamic model ACCP-SMART has been developed for System Integrated Modular and Advanced Reactor (SMART) to investigate the corrosion due to activated colloidal crud. The Fickian diffusion model has been implemented as the reference corrosion model for the constituent component of the primary loop of the SMART reactor. The activated colloidal crud activity in the primary coolant and steam generator of the SMART reactor has been studied for different equilibrium corrosion rates, linear increase in corrosion rate, and dynamic RCP coastdown situation energy ratio b. The coolant specific activity of SMART reactor equilibrium corrosion (4.0 mg s^-1) has been found 9.63×10^-3 µCi cm^-3, 3.53×10^-3 µC cm^-3, 2.39×10^-2 µC cm^-3, 8.10×10^-3 µC cm^-3, 6.77× 10^-3 µC cm^-3, 4.95×10^-4 µC cm^-3, 1.19×10^-3 µC cm^-3, and 7.87×10^-4 µC cm^-3 for ²⁴Na, ⁵⁴Mn, ⁵⁶Mn, ⁵⁹Fe, ⁵⁸Co, ⁶⁰Co, ⁹⁹Mo, and ⁵¹Cr which are 14.95%, 5.48%, 37.08%, 12.57%, 10.51%, 0.77%, 18.50%, and 0.12% respectively. For linear and exponential coastdown with a constant corrosion rate, the total coolant and steam generator activity approaches a higher saturation value than the normal values. The coolant and steam generator activity changes considerably with kinetic corrosion rate, equilibrium corrosion, growth of corrosion rate (ΔC/Δt), and RCP coastdown situations. The effect of the RCP coastdown on the specific activity of the steam generators is smeared by linearly rising corrosion rates, equilibrium corrosion, and rapid coasting down of the RCP. However, the time taken to reach the saturation activity is also influenced by the slope of corrosion rate, coastdown situation, equilibrium corrosion rate, and energy ratio β.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.1141-1151
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• 1998

An effective thermal conductivity measurement for suspensions of microparticles in oil mixture is conducted in order to evaluate the shear rate-dependence of the thermal conductivity of suspensions. Measurements are made for rotating Couette flows between two concentric cylinders. The rotating outer cylinder is immersed into a constant temperature water bath while the stationary inner cylinder is subject to a uniform heat fluff. Test fluids are made to be homogeneous suspensions, in which neutrally buoyant microparticles ($d=25{\sim}300{\mu}m$) are uniformly dispersed. The present measurements show strong shear-rate dependent thermal conductivities for the suspensions, which are higher than those at zero shear rate. The shear rate dependent thermal conductivity increases with the particle size and volume concentration.4 new model for shear rate-dependent thermal conductivity of microparticle suspensions is proposed; the correlation covers from zero shear rate value to asymptotic plateau value at moderately high shear rates.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.13-16
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• 1999

Magnetic viscosities of a commercialized metal evaporated tape were measured as a function of sweeping rate in VSM at room temperature. Within several seconds in the viscosity measurement, curves are downward concave and more concave with increasing sweeping rate when magnetization were plotted as a logarithmic function of time. However, magnetization varied as a logarithmic function of time after several seconds. Magetic viscosity coefficient gradually increased with increasing sweeping rate and then kept a constant value at a rate faster than 61.5 Oe/s. It was supposed that magnetic viscosity occurs during field sweeping, which was in good agreement with Sharrock's model qualitatively. Activation volume decreased with increasing sweeping rate, which was due to the fact that magnetic viscosity coefficients increased with sweeping rate while irreversible susceptibilities were not affected by sweeping rate.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.271-278
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• 2020

The investigation into a full-scale 27 m high, by 6 m wide, thermosyphon loop. The simulation model is based on a one-dimensional axially-symmetrical control volume approach, where the loop is divided into a series of discreet control volumes. The three conservation equations, namely, mass, momentum and energy, were applied to these control volumes and solved with an explicit numerical method. The flow is assumed to be quasi-static, implying that the mass-flow rate changes over time. However, at any instant in time the mass-flow rate is constant around the loop. The boussinesq approximation was invoked, and a reasonable correlation between the experimental and theoretical results was obtained. Experimental results are presented and the flow regimes of the working fluid inside the loop identified. The results indicate that a series of such thermosyphon loops can be used as a cavity cooling system and that the one-dimensional theoretical model can predict the internal temperature and mass-flow rate of the thermosyphon loop.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.62-69
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• 2000

이 논문은 임의중단 표본을 이용하여 entropy에 대한 두 개의 버클리-제임스(Buckley-James)형 추정량을 제안한다. 제안된 추정량의 소표본 특징을 조사하기 위하여 컴퓨터 모의실험을 실시하였다. 이 때 사용된 분포는 증가위험률, 상수위험률, 감소위험율을 갖는 분포를 가정하였고, 실제의 자료를 이용하여 분석하는 예를 보인다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2003

Ships and ocean structures are subjected to random loads caused by irregular waves. The irregularity of amplitude from random loading affects on fatigue crack growth and fatigue life. However the effects of irregularity of loading on fatigue including random loading have not been explained exactly. Therefore in this paper crack growth tests on DENT specimens under constant-amplitude loading including a single tensile overload are conducted to investigate the effect of overload on crack growth rate. The size of plastic zone and crack growth rate before and after a single tensile overloading are measured using ESPI system. Crack growth retardation model that is characterized by crack growth length and the size of plastic zone was proposed and compared with test result. From the research, the validity of proposed model is examined on crack growth retardation, and consequently fatigue life.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 1979

We consider the optimal ordering policy for a single-product two-stage inventory system where the main assumptions are as follows: (i) constant continuous demand only at stage 2, (ii) constant input (production) rate at stage 1, (iii) instantaneous delivery (transportation) from stage 1 to stage 2, (iv) backlogging is allowed only at stage 2, (v) an infinite planning horizon. Costs considered are ordering and linear holding costs at both stages, and linear shortage cost only at stages 2. By solving 9 different case problems, we have observed the general from of the optimal ordering policies for our model which minimizes the total cost per unit time. It is noticeable from this observation that the questionable but more often than not adopted assumption by many authors in determining the optimal potimal policy for multistage inventory systems, that the ordering (lot) sizes at each stage remain constant thruout the planning horizon, is not valid.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.861-870
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• 2005

The Bayesian model selection procedures for the shape parameter of gamma distribution are proposed in order to test that the failure rate of gamma distribution is constant, increasing or decreasing. The encompassing intrinsic Bayes factor by Beger and Pericchi (1996) based on Jeffreys prior for shape parameter is used to investigate the usefulness of the proposed Bayesian model selection procedures via both real data and pseudo data.