• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.57-60
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• 2010

Spasmodic dysphonia is a focal dystonia of the larynx and breathy voice is a typical sign of abductor spasmodic dysphonia. A group of patients with abductor spasmodic dysphonia have a number of acoustic characteristics including abnormal fundamental frequency fluctuations and abnormally long word duration. We report a abductor spasmodic dysphonia case have enlongated voice onset time voiceless consonants and breathy voice in wide band spectrogram. The patient have the acoustic characteristics only in telephone speaking at work time. We treated the patient with anticholinergic and anticonvulsant drug and supplementary voice therapy. The breathy voice and enlongated VOT were disappeared after those treatment.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.35-51
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• 2000

The goal of this paper is to examine how Case Drop (the drop of the case markers) correlates with the prosodic structure in Korean. On the assumption that intervocalic Lenis Stop Voicing (LSV) applies within the domain of the Accentual Phrase (AP), voicing analyses are performed on intervocalic lenis stop consonants before and after Case Drop. A statistical analysis reveals that the drop of the nominative and accusative case markers significantly alter the AP structure. Pitch values will then be extracted to verify that such changes in the AP structure conform to the pitch properties proposed for the AP (Jun 1993, 1998). The results show that the AP structure suggested by LSV does not always coincide with that imposed by the pitch properties.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.2
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• pp.9-23
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• 1997

Through iterative analysis and synthesis experiments on Korean monosyllables, the Korean text-to-speech system was implemented using the phoneme-based formant synthesis method. Since the formants of initial and final consonants in this system showed many variations depending on the medial vowels, the database for each phoneme was made up of formants depending on the medial vowels as well as duration information of transition region. These techniques were needed to improve the intelligibility of synthetic speech. This paper investigates also methods of concatenating the synthesis units to improve the quality of synthetic speech.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.57-63
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• 2009

The two specific research questions pursued in this paper are: (i) how Korean speakers perceive Hindi stops in terms of the three laryngeal categories of Korean stops; (ii) how well Korean speakers do with an ABX perception test that utilizes a total of 52 Hindi minimal pairs where all sounds are identical except for the laryngeal features of a stop in each word. A total of 45 university students participated in this experiment. The results showed that (i) Koreans tended to perceive Hindi voiceless unaspirated stops as Korean fortis ones, voiceless aspirated stops as aspirated ones, voiced stops as lenis ones, and breathy stops as aspirated ones, and (ii) Koreans had difficulty in distinguishing between voiceless aspirated and breathy stops in Hindi.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.45-50
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• 2018

The vowel/consonant ratio is a well-known cue for the voicing of postvocalic consonants. This study investigates how this ratio changes as a function of speaking rate. Seven speakers of North American English read sentences containing target monosyllabic words that contrasted in coda voicing at three different speaking rates. Duration measures were taken for the voice onset time (VOT) of the onset consonant, the vowel, and the coda. The results show that the durations of the onset VOT and vowel are longer before voiced codas, and that the durations of all segments increase monotonically as speaking rate decreases. Importantly, the vowel/consonant ratio, a primary acoustic cue for coda voicing, was found to pattern asymmetrically for voiced and voiceless codas; it increases for voiced codas but decreases for voiceless codas with the decrease in speaking rate. This finding suggests that there is no stable ratio in the duration of preconsonantal vowels that is maintained in different speaking styles.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.1-23
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• 2007

The purpose of this research is to explore the effects of systematic teaching English pronunciation and listening in English. Focusing on phonemes and words in pairs and sentences, the sound systems of the English and Korean languages are dealt with in conjunction with the test data. This paper first discusses the systemic, or primary interference and the habitual, or secondary interference that hinder comprehension of certain English sounds. Second, the analysis of input and output test data on the contrasting vowels and consonants shows statistic significance in terms of the probability (p value) of t-test. Third, the comparative data by means of percentile of right answers on contrasting vowel and consonant sounds expound the different sound systems of the English and Korean languages. With this data, problems in pronunciation of and listening to English, and the factors that may cause these problems are analyzed so that they can be used as a guideline for a systematic approach in teaching English learners, thus leading to more satisfactory performance.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.32-38
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• 1977

To organize the least control information for vector-drawing Korean characters, relatively simple 'Shortest Route Searching Algorithms' which can be applied to Korean character patterns were constructed. The shortest drawing routes and the common starting point for all charcters were found with this algorithm. It is shown that the vectors, which needs the least control informations to follow the shortest drawing route, are those vertical and horizontal vectors which have the size of 1 arid 3 times of raster distance. The vector control information for drawing 33 Korean characters including 9 double consonants and vowels can be organized with 7 bits 463 words of horizontal format informations which are corresponding to 3,241 bits.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.7-19
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• 2007

The present study investigated some phonetic attributes which distinguish two Korean stop types $^-aspirated$ and $lax^-$ in a prosodic position which has previously received little attention, namely medial in an accentual phrase. The intonational pattern across syllables which are initial in an accentual phrase (Jun, 1993) is said to depend on the type of stop (aspirated or lax), while that of syllables which are medial in an accentual phrase are not. In Experiment 1, nine native Korean speakers read sentences with a controlled prosodic pattern in which aspirated or lax stops occurred in accentual phrase-medial position. Acoustic analysis revealed significant differences between aspirated and lax stops in closure duration, voice-onset time, and fundamental frequency (F0) values for post-stop vowels. The results indicate that a wider range of acoustic cues distinguish aspirated and lax Korean stops than previously demonstrated. Phonetic and phonological models of consonant-tone interactions for Korean will need to be revised to account for these results.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.27-37
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• 1991

A recognition algorithm for Hangul is developed by structural analysis to Hangul in this theses. Four major procedures are proposed : preprocessing, type classification, separation of consonant and vowel, recognition. In the preprocessing procedure, the thinning algorithm proposed by CHEN & HSU is applied. In the type classification procedure, thinned Hangul image is classified into one of six formal types. In the separation of consonant and vowel procedure, starting from branch-points which are existed in a vowel, character elements are separated by means of tracing branch-point pixel by pixel and comparison with proposed templates. In the same time, the vowels are recognized. In the recognition procedure, consonants are extracted from the separated Hangul character and recognized by modified Crossing method. Recognized characters are converted into KS-5601-1989 codes. The experiments show that correct recognition rate is about 80%-90% and recognition speed is about 2-3 character persecond in three types of different input data on computer with 80386 microprocessor.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.135-148
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• 2005

This paper investigated the effect of audio and visual cues on Korean and Japanese EFL learners' perception of the lateral/retroflex contrast in English. In a perception experiment, the two English consonants /l/ and /r/ were embedded in initial and medial position in nonsense words in the context of the vowels /i, a, u/. Singletons and clusters were included in the speech material. Audio and video recordings were made using a total of 108 items. The items were presented to Korean and Japanese learners of English in three conditions: audio-alone (A), visual-alone (V) and audio-visual presentation (AV). The results showed that there was no evidence of AV benefit for the perception of the /l/-/r/ contrast for either Korean or Japanese learners of English. Korean listeners showed much better identification rates of the /l/-/r/ contrast than Japanese listeners when presented in audio or audio-visual conditions.