• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.79-88
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• 2003

Saved labor cost, energy conservation, reduced soil erosion, and increase of emergence rate would be expected from no-tillage cultivation of corn. Few research has been reported on the no-tillage effects for waxy corn hybrid. Five waxy com hybrids were tested under conventional and no-tillage practices to investigate responses of early growth, plant characters, ear characters, fresh yield, and grain yield. Emergence rates under no-tillage were lower than under conventional tillage. Plant heights at early growth stages under no-tillage were higher than those under conventional tillage. Plant height under no-tillage was higher than that under conventional tillage. There were no differences between conventional tillage and no-tillage for ear length, number of kernel rows, number of kernels per row, 100 kernels weight, fresh yield, and grain yield. This result indicates that no-tillage practice might be recommended for practical method for waxy com production. Days to tasseling and silking, plant height, ear height, ear length, and number of kernels per row were correlated with fresh and grain yields.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.384-389
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• 2002

No-tillage (NT) practice for corn production has advantages of reduction of soil erosion and energy conservation. Research on effects of NT for sweet corn or super sweet corn is very limited. Hybrids of sugary (su) and shrunken-2 (sh2) were tested under NT and conventional tillage (CT) practices to investigate plant characters, ear characters, fresh yield, and grain yield. Sugary hybrids were Golden Cross Bantam 70 (GCB70), Sprint, Geumdanok, and Danok3. Shrunken-2 hybrids were BSS9472, Cambella90, GSS9299, Jubilee, KS-Y-65, and Chodangok1. Emergence rates under NT were lower than those under CT for su, while there was no difference between tillage systems for sh2. There were no differences between CT and NT for days to tasseling and silking, plant height, and ear height for both su and sh2. Ear characters such as ear length, number of kernel rows, number of kernels per row, and t100-kernel weight under NT were not significantly different from those under CT. There were no differences between two tillage practice for fresh and grain yield, rather they showed trend of increases under NT practices. Results from this trial indicate that NT practice for both su and sh2 cultivation may be possible to recommend to farmers.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.510-518
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• 2013

Corn was mainly cultivated in slope land during summer season when heavy rain falls so that soil loss occurs severely. Especially, soil disturbance and exposure of topsoil by conventional tillage intensifies soil loss by heavy rain. The aim of this study was to develop surface covering and tillage methods for reducing soil loss in corn cultivation. The experiment was conducted in 17% sloped lysimeter with 8 treatments including strip tillage after surface covering with rye residue, strip tillage after residue covering of several crops and sod culture, black polyethylene film covering after conventional tillage and control. Amount of runoff water and eroded soil, and corn growth were investigated. Amounts of runoff water in all plots except black polyethylene plot ranged from 152 to 375 $m^3\;ha^{-1}$, accounting for 13~32% of 1,158 $m^3\;ha^{-1}$ in control. Amount of eroded soil decreased by 94 to 99% (3 to 89 kg $ha^{-1}$) in plots of strip tillage after covering with crop residues compared to control with 1,739 kg $ha^{-1}$. Corn yields in plots of strip tillage after covering with crop residues ranged from 6.0 to 6.9 Mg $ha^{-1}$, while that of control was 6.5 Mg $ha^{-1}$. The results suggest that strip tillage methods after surface covering with crop residues are very effective on soil conservation of slope land in corn cultivation.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.425-431
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• 2014

Most fields in highland areas are covered with rye or hairy vetch for conservation during a fallow. However, using cover crops needs an effort to sow, and this makes top soil more vulnerable to loss due to surface disturbances. The aims of this study were to develop an automatic seeding-regulator device using a low-price, extensive-use GPS sensors and a DC motors and to evaluate a working efficiency of it after adaptation to partial tillage machine for reducing seeding effort. The amount of runoff water and soil loss was evaluated with partial tillage and simultaneous-seeding after harvesting soybean, in 17% slope lysimeters. In results, the seeding amount with the machine speed was stable between $0.5{\sim}0.8m\;s^{-1}$ of working sections. The automatic control device of seeding-rate could be enough to solve the slip problems of power selecting supply system or five four-wheel drive device. In partial tillage and simultaneous seeding, runoff water was 11.6% ($1.8m^3ha^{-1}$) of the scatter-seeding control ($15.5m^3ha^{-1}$) and soil loss was 13.2% ($7kg\;ha^{-1}$) of the scatter-seeding control ($53kg\;ha^{-1}$). These results suggest that partial tillage and simultaneous-seeding methods are very effective in decreasing work effort and soil loss of sloped land.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.143-152
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• 2013

No-till farming system has been extensively studied all over the world as the effective method for maintaining the soil fertility. The general advantages of this system have been well known for reducing the labor, fuel, machinery, and irrigation cost as well as for increasing the soil quality through soil aggregation, water infiltration, microbial population and etc. Recently, it becomes more popular with the increase of interest on sustainable agriculture, especially because of its higher carbon sequestration potential compared to conventional tillage. Crop residue management should be essentially included to look forward to achieving the positive effect on reduction of greenhouse gas. Nonetheless, there are also negative opinions on effect of no-till farming system. For example, some researchers reported that soil physical properties were not improved by no-till under certain soil and climatic conditions. This means no-till farming systems were strongly affected by the soil characters and climatic conditions. Therefore, the researches to meet the specific-regional characters are greatly needed in order for no-till farming system to successfully settle in Korea. The objective of the review article is to present the future direction and perspective on no-till farming system in Korea. For this purpose, we summarized the results of domestic and foreign researches about no-till farming system until now. Specifically, the chapter on foreign research consisted of four parts: positive and negative effects, the effect in paddy soil, and latest research direction (2012-2013) of no-till farming systems. Whereas, review for domestic researches was divided into two main parts: paddy and upland soils. In the final chapter, the priorities for the optimum conservation tillage in Korea were discussed and proposed through the previous researches.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.280-284
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• 2012

No-tillage direct seeding of rice is consumed less labor and oil energy by no plowing and rotary tillage. And it has other advantages of soil and water conservation and accumulation of organic matter on paddy surface due to crowded water foxtail (Alopecurus aequalis var. amurensis). When no-tillage seeding of rice, many water foxtail occurred in winter paddy field. In this experiment their covering degrees were 97.6% and 95.2% in clay loam and sandy loam paddy soils, respectively. Because of this, Stellaria alsine var. undulata, Cardamine flexuosa, Rorippa indica and Ixeris chinensis etc. annual and perennial wintering weeds occurrence was reduced. And annual weeds Chenopodium serotinum and Polygonum hydropiper that occurred early in spring were also reduced. As well as Echinochloa crusgalli var. praticola, Cyperus difformis, Monochoria vaginalis and Lindernia procumbens etc. summer annual weeds that occurred after irrigation were also reduced. In conclusion, no-tillage direct seeding of rice has another advantages of weed management by water foxtail.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.35.1-35.1
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• 2007

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.22-28
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• 2007

Most of the uplands in alpine regions during off-season are left as bare soil and thus vulnerable to severe erosion due to the inherent topographical conditions. Appropriate management strategy to cope with this problem is urgently needed, yet few researches have been reported on the effects of winter cover crop and management on soil erosion. We assessed effects of ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) as cover crop, green manure or mulching residue on soil erosion and quality through field and segment plot lysimeter experiments in alpine uplands. Ryegrass successfully adopted to winter in alpine region based on biomass, nutrient contents, and vigors of top and root systems. Incorporation of ryegrass into soil maintained soil fertility, nutrient uptake, and yield of cabbage exerting potential use as green manure. Cultivation of ryegrass suppressed occurrence of Chinese cabbage pests. Surface coverage by ryegrass as cover crop and mulching residue significantly reduced soil loss up to 96%, when combined with soil conservation management practices. Results revealed maintaining cover crop over winter was beneficial in reducing soil erosion, and sustaining soil quality and Chinese cabbage productivity. This study suggested winter cover crop, followed by green manure and mulching, and conservation tillage system could be one of the best management practices in alpine sloping uplands cultivating Chinese cabbage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.106-115
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• 2009

Knowledge about how to stabilize soil structure is essential to conserve soil systems and maintain various biogeochemical processes through soil. In urban area, soil structural systems are degraded with inappropriate management and land use and become vulnerable to erosion. We analyzed the structural changes of surface soils with different land uses, i.e., forests, parks, roadside green area, riparian area, and farmlands (soybean fields), in the Anyang Stream Watershed in order to find the factors influencing the stability of soil structure and the implication for better management of surface soil. Soil organic matter contents of other land use soils were only 18~52% of that in forest soils. Soil organic matter increased the stability of soil aggregates in the order of soybean fields < roadsides < riparian < parks < forests and also reduced soil bulk density (increased porosity). The lowest stability of soybean field soils was attributed to the often disturbance like tillage and it was considered that higher stability of park soils comparing to other land use soils except forests was owing to the covering of soil surface with grass. These results suggest that supply of soil organic matter and protection of soil surface with covering materials are very important to increase porosity and stability of soil structure.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.534-538
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• 2011

One of the problems for cultivating crops in the mountainous highland is soil erosion and nutrients runoff. Alternative cropping ways were searched to reduce soil erosion and to ensure farm income in the mountainous highland agricultural region. Three edible wild plants including goatsbeard, Korean thistle, and aster, were selected to test as alternative crops to reduce soil erosion in mountain agriculture of highland area. In the first year, the soil losses from the alternative cropping were 26 to 63 percents of the soil loss from summer radish cultivated by conservation tillage with contour and plastic film mulching. The relative soil losses in the second year ranged from 2.8 to 5.5 percents in comparison with radish cultivation. Rapid surface coverage contributed to successive soil loss protection by these alternative crops. Farm net profit of these crops was greater than that of radish. Monitoring of yields of Korean thistle or aster for further experiments, however, might be necessary for economic cultivation due to yield reduction caused by consecutive production.