• 대한가정학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.11-24
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• 1981

The objectives of the study were to determine 1) if energy consumption and conservation vary in clothing, food, and housing with independent variables-size of household, homemaker's age, employment, and level of education, level of living, type of house, electricity use, and all energy use, and 2) if there is a correlation among energy conservation practices in clothing, food, and housing. Questionnaires wee given to the randomly selected homemakers in Seoul in July, 1980. Data from 620 responses were analyzed by F-test (Analysis of Variance) and Correlation. The results are as follows: 1. Clothing (1) the scores of the conservation practices I clothing were generally high. /However, it was found that a) they did not practice in wearing heavy under clothes and behavior outer clothing to cope with cool room temperature in the winter, b) they did not use bleach for laundry, but they used boiling method, and c) they did not have enough knowledge on Permanent Press finish. (2) energy conservation practices in clothing were significantly related to level of living and homemakrer's level of education. a) The higher the level of living, the higher scores in the knowledge were found. b) the higher the homeakcer's level of education, the higher scores in the knowledge and ironing were obtained. 2. Food (1) The scores of the conservation practices in food were generally high. However, it was found that scientific cooking methods were not performed such as a) to use measuring spoons, cups, and timers, b) to practice a simple method in using solor energy for warming water, c) to use thermos for the hot water tea or coffee, but they boiled water whenever necessary, and b) to use the pressure cooker whenever possible. (2) Energy conservation practices in food were significantly related to homemaker's employment and type of dwellings. a) The scores of full-time homemakers (not gainfully employed) were higher than gainfully employed homemakers. b) Families in traditional Korean dwellings revealed higher scores than those in apartment or western style dwellings. 3. Housing (1) The scores of the conservation practices in housing were generally high. However, it was found that a) they did not install fans in the kitchen, bathroom, and attic in the summer, b) they did not install a humidifier for tolerating a lower room temperature in the winer, c) they did not practice to make plans for the door of the refrigerator remained open for the shortest time, d) they did not install or use a local lighting with a general lighting for reading and cooking, and e) they usedaluminum foil without the knowledge of the heat reaction of its shiny and dull sides. (2) energy conservation practices in housing were significantly related to homemaker's employment and level of education, economic status, types of dwelling, and all energy use, a) Full-time homeakers had higher scores than gainfully employed homeakers. b) the higher the homemaker's level of education and economics status, the higher scores were obtained. c) Homeakers with their own house scored higher points than those with rented houses. And families in apartment or row houses scored higher points than those in traditional korean or western style dwellings. d) The higher the consumption rate of electricity and all energy, the higher scores were revealed. 4. correlation there was a significant correlation among energy conservation practices I clothing, food, and housing.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.15-28
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• 2006

민주지산 및 그 인근지역에 대한 관속식물상 조사가 2000년부터 2004년까지 5년에 걸쳐 총 27회 수행되었으며 그 결과 172과 397속 631종 3아종 105변종 25품종 등 총 764분류군이 분포하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 주요 유용식물로서 한국특산식물 35분류군과 희귀 및 멸종위기식물 12분류군, 그리고 환경부 지정 식물구계학적 특정 식물종 101분류군이 각각 조사되었다. 아울러 조사지역 내에 귀화식물 46분류군도 분포하는 것으로 관찰되었다. 조사지역의 식생은 비교적 양호한 편이었으나 최근 들어 개발, 남채, 답압 등의 인위적 간섭에 의해 그 훼손 정도가 급격히 증가하고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 지역에 대한 보존지역 확대 지정 등 적극적인 보존대책 수립이 시급하며, 장기적인 모니터링에 의한 식생의 동태 파악이 필요하고 판단되었다.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.32-41
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• 2021

South Korea presently harbors less than 800 long-tailed gorals (Naemorhedus caudatus), an endangered species. I report for the first time on the taxonomic status and genetic diversity of the Korean species using non-invasive fecal sampling based on mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequence analyses. To determine the taxonomic status of this species, I reconstructed a consensus neighbor-joining tree and generated a minimum spanning network combining haplotype sequences obtained from feces with a new goral-specific primer set developed using known sequences of the Korean goral and related species (e.g., Russian goral, Chinese goral, Himalayan goral, Japanese serow, etc.). I also examined the genetic diversity of this species. The Korean goral showed only three different haplotypes. The phylogenetic tree and parsimony haplotype network revealed a single cluster of Korean and Russian gorals, separate from related species. Generally, the Korean goral has a relatively low genetic diversity compared with that of other ungulate species (e.g., moose and red deer). I preliminarily showcased the application of non-invasive fecal sampling to the study of genetic characteristics, including the taxonomic status and genetic diversity of gorals, based on mitochondrial DNA. More phylogenetic studies are necessary to ensure the conservation of goral populations throughout South Korea.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2020

This study investigates the crystallinity distribution of ancient silk. Owing to the inherent multi-hierarchical structure of silk protein and the complicated structural changes that occur due to various burial environments, it is challenging but worthwhile to study ancient silk ageing behavior, which is based on the fact that ageing begins with a single fiber and then spreads to a whole fabric. Crystallinity was one of the most effective indicators found to reveal the ageing status of silk. Therefore, a synchrotron radiation-based X-ray diffraction(SR-XRD) method was employed to study the crystallinity distribution of single fibers of ancient silk unearthed from seven archaeological sites in China from historical periods including the warring states, Han dynasty, Song dynasty, and Ming dynasty. In comparison, the conventional X-ray diffraction method, which uses large amounts of samples, was also performed to determine the integral crystallinity of ancient silk. Thermal stability experiments by thermogravimetry(TG) as well as morphology observations by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and optical microscopy(OM) all confirmed the deterioration of ancient silk. Moreover, the ageing mechanism of ancient silk was proposed with the assistance of an artificial ageing study. The results confirmed the effectiveness of SR-XRD as an ageing indicator, revealing the crystallinity distribution. This research could provide motivation to determine the deterioration status of ancient silk, and would also aid in explaining the fragility of ancient silk due to ageing.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.23-38
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• 2002

The purpose of this paper is to propose directions for urban greening and nature conservation in small-to-medium-sized cities in Korea for implementation of the Local Agenda 21 (LA 21 hereafter). In this paper, the status of implementation of the LA 21 in both Korea and Japan have been examined. In addition, the green-related plans of both countries have been compared. The cities of Jeonju and Sagamihara were chosen as examples to compare. The result of the research is as follows: 1)With regard to the responsible bodies, in Korea, the implementing plans were initiated by the environment-related authorities of local governments while, in Japan, the plans of action were initiated through consultative committees reflecting opinions from citizens and business entities. 2)Concerning the status of implementation of LA 21, the city of Jeonju has adopted a plan of action and then implemented the plan through a consultative body without adequate legal ground. On the other hand, the city of Sagamihara has enacted a local ordinance to implement the LA 21 It was learned that the newly enacted ordinance has positively been interrelated to existing environmental plans. 3)Regarding urban greening and nature conservation plans, the city of Jeonju has focused on comprehensive measures to preserve and restore ecology while the city of Sagamihara has clearly suggested educational purposes in its plans in addition to preserving and restoring ecology. 4)In terms of support by law or legal system concerned, it has been teamed that, compared with Japan, Korean plans have not been properly supported by law or the legal system to urban greening and nature conservation plans. The same was shown in the city of Jeonju as compared with the city of Sagamihara. As for future directions, the follow are proposed: 1) establishment of a local Committee on Sustainable Development, 2) enactment of relevant and regulations such as the Master Plan of Parks and Green Open paces, 3) establishment of ecological greening plans.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.53-58
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• 1995

In order to establish the procedures for investigating environmental influences to wooden cultural property, existing study data were surveyed and necessary steps for performing the investigation works were presented to be applied for the future works in this country. Environmental factors which influence to the conservation of wooden cultural property should first be studied for items concerned with their damage situations. On basis of these data, laboratory works to yield the standard value for each factor should be conducted by means of testing samples exposed under laboratory simulated environmental conditions. Outdoor measurements may be followed for samples exposed to the open air at the site of that property. These data may be compared with those of laboratory standard value and overall evaluation for the factor influencing mostly tn the damage status of that property may further be conducted. Referring data obtained in this investigation, necessary measures to be taken for conserving that property may be able to be established.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.114-118
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• 1998

Present status of Japanese wetland ecosystems and several trials towards rehabilitation and restoration of them are reviewed. Most of wetlands are altered to paddy fields and city areas, and natural wet lowland including tideland is the most endangered nature in Japan. Not only the preservation of natural wetlands but also the conservation of secondary nature of paddy field and waterways in traditional rural areas and restoration of original nature in city areas became the most concerned theme for nature conservation according to the national strategy for the biodiversity conservation. Not only the technological development based on the conservation ecology, but also the development of mitigation banking system are needed in Japan.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2006년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.1019-1025
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• 2006

There are so many related policies to design and construct building mechanical system. Therefore, preferentially in this study, purposes and major contents of related laws are summarized briefly. Subsequently, some points at issue and ways to improve laws and codes for energy conservation are suggested. From the results of this study, some points at issue are as follows : (1) Inconvenience in the application due to dispersion of similar codes. (2) Lack of systems and tools to verify and to evaluate the effect of energy conservation by any policy (3) Lack of the incentive Policy for Participator to conserve of energy.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.48-53
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• 2012

The tiger population that once inhabited the Korean peninsula was initially considered a unique subspecies (Panthera tigris coreensis), distinct from the Amur tiger of the Russian Far East (P. t. altaica). However, in the following decades, the population of P. t. coreensis was classified as P. t. altaica and hence forth the two populations have been considered the same subspecies. From an ecological point of view, the classification of the Korean tiger population as P. t. altaica is a plausible conclusion. Historically, there were no major dispersal barriers between the Korean peninsula and the habitat of Amur tigers in Far Eastern Russia and northeastern China that might prevent gene flow, especially for a large carnivore with long-distance dispersal abilities. However, there has yet to be a genetic study to confirm the subspecific status of the Korean tiger. Bone samples from four tigers originally caught in the Korean peninsula were collected from two museums in Japan and the United States. Eight mitochondrial gene fragments were sequenced and compared to previously published tiger subspecies' mtDNA sequences to assess the phylogenetic relationship of the Korean tiger. Three individuals shared an identical haplotype with the Amur tigers. One specimen grouped with Malayan tigers, perhaps due to misidentification or mislabeling of the sample. Our results support the conclusion that the Korean tiger should be classified as P. t. altaica, which has important implications for the conservation and reintroduction of Korean tigers.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.334-346
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• 2022

The manufacturing technique was studied through the structure and material characteristics of the walls and the painting layers of the Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva mural of Geungnakjeon Hall, Daewonsa Temple. The mural is painted and connected to the earthen wall and the Junggit, and the wall is composed of wooden laths as a frame, the first and middle layers, the finishing layer, and the painting layer. The first layer, middle layer, and finishing layer constituting the wall were made by mixing weathered soil and sand. It was confirmed that the first layer had a high content of loess below silt, and the finishing layer had a high content of fine-sand and very fine sand. For the painting layer, a ground layer was prepared using soil-based mineral pigments, and lead white, white clay, atacamite, minium, and cinnabar (or vermilion) pigments were used on top of it. The Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva mural was confirmed to belong to a category similar to the soil-made buddhist mural paintings of Joseon Dynasty. However, it shows characteristics such as a high content of fine sand in the finishing layer and overlapping over other colors. Such material and structural characteristics can constitute important information for future mural conservation status diagnoses and conservation treatment plans.