• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.151-165
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• 1995

1. This paper suggests one educational model of National Parks. The model includes main themes such as (1) concepts, (2) waste types, and (3) conservation policies of National Parks for the application at the school environmental education classes. 2. The study describes the origin of the national park system and concepts or policies for the conservation of the parks with cases of Japan, Taiwan, Canada, Australia, Swiss, Russia, and International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources(IUCN). The main focuses of their concepts or policies are on the (1) public land, (2) conserved, (3) legally protected land, and (4) land for the education of the loving their country. 3. This research classifies wastes of parks as point, linear, areal, and cubic types, and explains wasting actions on each types, focused mainly on the mountainous national parks. 4. The suggested policies for the conserving national parks, in this paper, are (1) core-zoning policy, and (2) management policy within the core zone. 5. Some principles are suggested for the more effective realization of the policies: (1) enforcement, (2) abandonment,(3) restoration, (4) enlargement, (5) limitation, (6) incorporation, (7) monitoring, and (8) education. 6. Finally, the educational values of this model may be derived from concepts of (1) loving national land, (2) conservation of nature, (3) public responsibility for protection, and (4) education materials. Those concepts form the foundation of models for (1) civic education, (2) education of country, and (3) inquiry training.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.1-18
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• 2021

England's green belt policy as it delivered its framework to designating the development restriction zones(DRZ) in Korea is the key to address issues which try to change green belt boundary or/and housing development. Therefore it should necessarily be reviewed on the understanding of how England has been formulating a national policy to deal with the issues focusing on opportunities for housing development and recreation. This study explored the discourse and framework of England's green belt policy as well as driver changes of housing development and recreation. Results show several characteristics of England's green belt policy which are civil society consensus on conservation and management, limited small-scale housing development through management of release rates, a systematic procedure for application and approval, open-recreation space expansion and utilisation under the premise of conservation of natural green areas, and management structure by the involvement of NGO organisations. Therefore, five suggestions can be delivered to developing Korea's DRZ frameworks: first, preceding social consensus on the preservation value of development-restricted zones, second, addressing housing shortages in different alternatives e.g.) environmental-friendly small-scale housing, third, institutionalising the total proportion of release, fourth, establishing an open-recreation space, fifth, introducing expanded public-private partnerships. Ultimately securing the legitimacy of the nation's development-restricted zone system can contribute positively to the environment preservation and human health by promoting public leisure activities in terms of the recent increase in external activities caused by the Covid-19 crisis. Concluding remarks are here that the understanding of England's green belt policy can be delivered to and help formulate domestic policy addressing current issues.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.227-233
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• 2018

Philosophical discussion and ethical approach have been crucial aspects in the rational decision-making of heritage conservation. This study analyses why and how they play an important role in determining the quality of conservation practice. It highlights the key concepts of conservation philosophy and ethics, as well as their relationship, in order to establish a constructive platform through which researchers may understand the role and importance of conservation philosophy and ethics. In conclusion, this study provides a set of recommendation for the government, academic experts, and conservators which will allow them to become actively involved in improving the quality of philosophical and ethical knowledge in the field of conservation.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.143-160
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• 2002

Since the 1990s, arable lands in mountainous areas of South Korea have widely been abandoned due to the serious depopulation for the last few decades. Abandonment of arable lands causes not only a decline in production functions of mountainous villages, but also landscape desolation and environmental problems. Due to same cause, Japan has also experienced the serious abandonment of arable lands in mountainous areas since the 1960s. For the last decade, Japanese government has poured investment to the conservation of terraced paddy fields in hilly and mountainous areas in order to restore those environment values. The attempts of Okayama prefecture for the conservation of terraced paddy fields are well known as a successful story in Japan. In order to suggest an effective conservation means far arable lands in mountainous areas in the context of Korea, this paper examines the background and the implementation means of Japanese conservation policy of terraced paddy fields in hilly and mountainous area, focusing on the case of Okayama prefecture.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
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• no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 2001

One of the major environmental issues Japanese cities is now facing with is the conservation of seminatural landscapes for the restoration of ecological integrity of urban areas. The satoyama landscape, which includes coppice woodlands, agricultural areas and rural settlements, is seen as an indispensable semi-natural landscape, formed as a result of man-nature interaction. However, because of the loss of the economic viability they are now abandoned and in the process of losing their ecological values. Today a number of local municipalities as well as NPO groups are involved in the conservation projects of these landscapes. Although satoyama landscapes are commonly believed to have maintained their character over the years, historical studies have revealed that these landscapes have experienced constant and dynamic changes due to a variation in human impacts. It is therefore understood that the conservation projects on satoyama landscapes should not intend to restore their past condition, but should wet the goal of maintaining their dynamic character by promoting ecological roles which the landscapes may play in the contemporary world. EXPO2005 project in Aichi Prefecture is a good example of a development project underway on satoyama landscapes which intend to conserve the landscapes by stimulating contemporary ecological for them. In EXPO2005 project the key issue was the conservation of semi-natural landscapes formed by constant and intensive human impacts over the centuries and thus allowing endemic and endangered species to be accommodated. The planning team proposed a scheme to restore economic viability of satoyama landscapes. The scheme involves re-introducing intensive human impacts through a new management system with an innovative technology. This may restore the economic viability of lumbers provided form satoyama woodlands. EXPO2005 is understood as a model case which stimulates contemporary ecological functions of satoyama landscapes by applying innovative planning concepts.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.97 no.5
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• pp.525-529
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• 2008

The purpose of this paper is to examine willingness to pay (WTP) for endangered species, the Korean goral, of Woraksan National Park in South Korea. The median of the WTP is adopted to estimate the value because it will not be affected by the extreme values. The estimated household median WTP using a logit model for Korean goral conservation in Woraksan National Park was 15,221 won. The estimated value of the WTP in relation to the Korean goral has some policy implications. especially in terms of implementing policy to protect the Korean goral. The result shows that the public conservation program does have a positive WTP for the conservation of the Korean goral. This implies that the Korean goral is an important species that needs to be maintained, the government has been expended a large sum of money in an attempt to protect it.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.32-35
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• 1963

There are 3 kinds of forest managements: One of them is forest utilization management which collects abundant forest resources by felling the trees: the second of them is scientific forest management which cultivates forest resources; and the last one is emergency aid forest management, needed by the forest resources davastation, for the surposes of soil conservation and preventing the indirect damages. During the 36 years of Japanese occupation, they pillaged 600 to 800 million cubic meters of the forest resources, in the condition of the colonial system. After the emancipation from the Japanese occupation, the national soil conservation work has been practiced for 18 years without correcting the Japanese forest management (which means felling system); therefore the essential in the forest, conservation works is to get rid of imitating the Japanese pillage management so as to turn the direction of the forestry policy to the emergency aid management which means forest investment.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.131-143
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• 2010

This paper investigates the history, policy and status of the conservation of historic gardens in the National Trust in England and its implications for Korea. It was conducted in three phases as follows: First, related literature data was collected to understand the National Trust and its role in the conservation of historic gardens. Second, The National Trust Policy Papers: Gardens and Landscape Parks in 1996 was reviewed and analyzed into eight categories with a review of 216 gardens and interviews with gardener-in-charge via e-mail. Finally an understanding of the policy for the conservation of historic gardens was formed from the results of the previous phases, and implications were drawn from the integrated analysis guidelines of the policy and status. The key feature of the conservation of the National Trust's historic gardens is that the conservation process has been conducted systematically through acquisition, management, upkeep, advice and so on. Furthermore, the conservation principles are defined in a concise and accessible form. According to their practical conservation process and principles, the results of the National Trust activities are to appreciate the significance of the gardens and act with accountability; integration; managing change; access and participation; and training gardener and partnership. According to the results of its activities under the premise that the purpose of the conservation and the meaning of a garden do not differ significantly among nations, implications for Korea can be primarily suggested by three points as follows: First of all, a flexible approach to change in historic gardens should be managed. In response to inevitable and desirable change, anything that is added or transferred should be recorded for the future as much as possible. Therefore, everything must be recorded and any change should be managed. Second, is to provide sustainable access for the benefit for the people and visitors. The aim of conserving the gardens is for human's to eventually understand that the present generation just borrows the historic gardens before they are passed down. The ensuing implication is that people may enjoy the gardens educationally, aesthetically, and physically, and children can be continuously interested in historic gardens as apart of educating the future generation. Finally, the National Trust educates apprentice gardeners who will maintain the historic gardens and continuously keep the current garden staff up to date with workshops. This is in contrast to the day laborers who work for historic gardens in Korea. In practice, the maintenance of historic gardens is not a simple process. The gardener must understand the past, reflect the present, and prepare for the future. Therefore, gardeners deliver culture from generation to generation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2015

Beginning of the human ecology in 1920s, the efforts for applying the environmental values to a policy have been embodied by the enactments of international agreement and relevant laws. The government has been struggling to adopt the environmental values for the policy by enacting the relevant laws and establishing the environmental value evaluation information (environmental conservation value assessment map, eco-natural map, biotope map). In spite of the efforts to apply the environmental value assessment information for the habitat potential of wildlife, the application is being challenged by the discrepancy in methods and criteria. Thus this study intends to measure the potential of wildlife habitat and apply it to the spatial value classification for the application plan of wildlife habitat potential in policy. Maxent was used for the habitat potential and the land types were classified depending on the surface and land use pattern of cadastral map. As a result, the policy matrix including conservation strategy(CS), restoration strategy(RS), practical use strategy(PS) and development strategy(DS) has been deduced as CS $13.05km^2$(2.38%), RS $1.64km^2$(0.30%), PS $162.42km^2$(29.57%) and DS $8.56km^2$(1.56%). CS was emerged mostly on forest valleys and farmlands, and RS was appeared in the road area near the conservation strategy areas. Boryung downtown and Daecheon Beach were the center of DS, while the forest and farmlands were presented as PS. It is significant that this study suggest the new approaching method by comparing the wildlife habitat potential with the land type. Since this study evaluated the environmental value by one species of leopard cat (Prionailurusbengalensis) with Maxent model, it is necessary to apply the habitat potential measuring method for various target species as further research.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.31-48
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• 2013

South Korea had encouraged farmers to breed bear to increase farmer's income since 1981. Currently farmers breed over thousand number of bears, however but the policy measures for breeding bears is expected to conflict the main stream of bear conservation due to South Korea belong to the member of CITES, which categorizes and manages bears under Wild Fauna and Flora Protection Act. Government needs to establish a special law containg the win-win relief strategy not only for farmers of breeding bears, but international corresponding policy. So, we have reviewed the domestic status and international trends on breeding bears, and suggest the alternative strategies of the policy such as a bear park, a bear village, use of species recovery center, use of a preservation organization. This policy should be accompanied with more detailed fact analysis, management agency, well equipped welfare facility and financial preparation for proper management of breeding bears against changing international trends on wildlife conservation.