• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• 제27권6호
• /
• pp.763-774
• /
• 2021

The COVID-19 virus has generated major shockwaves in all spheres of human life since its outbreak. Maritime transport (both cargo and passenger) is one of the industries most heavily affected, yet over 80% of the world cargo is transported by sea. This study analyzes maritime port operational efficiencies before and after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic to determine whether the pandemic has caused major differences in the operational efficiencies of many leading Asian maritime container ports via data envelopment analysis (DEA). The results of both the CCR and BCC models reveal that overall, efficiency during the COVID-19 pandemic has been higher than before the pandemic despite a few inefficiencies. This implies that the pandemic has so far not has major consequences for the operational efficiency of maritime ports. However, two ports (Busan and Guangzhou) should adjust the scale sizes and technical capacities of their operations to improve performance.

• Knowledge Management Research
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.173-199
• /
• 2021

As the use of smart devices such as smartphones and tablets has become common, the time to start using smart devices is getting earlier, such as using smart devices from the age of one. Also, the use of smart devices by infants and toddlers is continuously increasing. Smart devices have become convenient means of acquiring pleasure and knowledge, but the side effects of addiction and overdependence are becoming issues as much as the benefits of smart devices. This study pays attention to young children's overdependence on smart devices, and focuses on the aspects of parents' perception, control, and observational behavior about smart devices, which can have a profound effect on young children. This study examines how young children's overdependence on smart devices can consequently affect children's characteristics in terms of activity, emotional sensitivity, and social aspects. In particular, this study attempts to explore that the factors influencing children's overdependence on smart devices and the results can vary depending on the moderating variables (parents' control method for children's smart device use, supervision method, and type of contents mainly used). Based on the findings, this study can provide guidelines and implications for parents on how to effectively use smart devices for their young children.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• 제21권12spc호
• /
• pp.459-462
• /
• 2021

The article examines the main problems of land market formation in Ukraine. The article is devoted to the study of problems and prospects of land market introduction after the abolition of the ban on alienation. The advantages and disadvantages of lifting the moratorium on the purchase and sale of agricultural land are highlighted. The experience of such European countries as France, Germany, Latvia, Romania and Poland in regulating the market of agricultural lands is analyzed. The historical stages of market formation, features of state policy in this area are considered. The authors found that in these countries the market for agricultural land is well developed and works effectively, which has positive consequences for the economy of these countries. After analyzing the experience, we identified common elements of an effective mechanism for regulating the land market in European countries, which can be implemented in Ukraine. It is emphasized that after the opening of the land market it is necessary to prevent the concentration of a large number of agricultural lands in the hands of one person or close persons and it is necessary to create an effective supervisory body, whose main functions will be supervising sales prevention of speculation in the land market. Emphasis is placed on the need to improve legislation in the field of land, organizational and informational conditions for land reform. The Law of Ukraine "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine Concerning the Circulation of Agricultural Land" was analyzed, the adoption of which put an end to the systematic extension of the moratorium on the sale of agricultural land. The positive aspects of such reservations are noted, such as the gradual introduction of the land market, quantitative restrictions, the lower limit of the value equivalent, which can not be less than the normative monetary value. At the same time, the problem is that the lack of an imperative norm on termination of the lease agreement in case of refusal of the lessee to purchase such land at a price not lower than expert assessment, will negatively affect its price formation and actually make the landlord hostage.

• International Area Studies Review
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.155-179
• /
• 2013

Becoming independent in 1956, Sudan has since experienced a number of coups $d^{\prime}{\acute{e}}tat$, religious conflicts between the Islamic north and the Christian south, conflicts between the north-south population composition and races, two civil wars for nearly 40 years due to a clash of interests over resources and others, and the Darfur crisis in which hundreds of thousands died. In 1983, as the Sudanese government forced Islamic laws on the southern region where many Christians lived, the civil war resumed and suffered heavy casualties. Although a brief period of tranquility is maintained at the present moment as South Sudan seceded, military conflicts continue to arise. The objective of this research is to understand the North-South Sudan conflict by examining its history and course. For this purpose, chapter 2 will make a theoretical and reality approach for conflict items and solutions. Chapter 3 will discuss the historical background and reasons for the Sudanese conflict by considering Sudan before 19th century, the Egyptian conquest of Sudan and the diverging North and South, Sudanese independence and other divisions yet again, and finally the North-South conflicts over religion and resources. In Chapter 4, there will be an analysis of the course of the Sudan Civil War by separating it into the First and Second Civil War. In Chapter 5, the consequences and future prospect will be presented in lieu of the conclusion.

• Journal of Korean Theatre Studies Association
• /
• 제48호
• /
• pp.85-125
• /
• 2012

Geun Hyung Park is one of the playwrights who consistently pursues his unique world of play. One of the characteristics that is constantly discovered in Park's plays is the motif of 'family.' Park chooses family as the motif in most of his work. Park particularly emphasizes 'family life' rather than 'individual life' to focus on the internal problems of families. Therefore, the motif of family in Park's plays takes a very important position in the content and theme. The Korean society imposes unique value on families and possesses a strictly obstinate family ideology. Park observes distorted family relations or individuals who cannot be happy within their families to identify the problems related to the family ideology that is deeply rooted in the Korean society. This is one of the important backgrounds for which Park is constantly dealing with 'family life.' This study selected five of Park's most famous plays to specifically examine Park's critical understanding of family ideology. First, his criticizes extreme family egoism by depicting a family that cannibalizes people to keep the family full. Park chooses 'absurd time and space' and the extreme subject of 'human flesh' to warn his audiences about the awful consequences of family egoism. His , which is the only piece that deals with family history among the five pieces selected, criticizes Korea's unique family-centered ideology by humorously depicting the history of the Cho family that is all about maintaining and worshipping the its clan. He reveals the unethical and hypocritical attitudes of the Cho family for the audiences to reconsider the family-centered ideology of the Korean society. In , he talks about the son and the father who lose his ethical authority and fail to perform his paternal responsibilities to criticize the traditional family ideology of patriarchism and suggests the pessimistic future of patriarchism. contrasts a blood-related family with an irresponsible father and a quasi-family to criticize the identity of blood-related families. In , Park depicts a 'smelly house' of a family in agonizing relations to deny the family myth and the maternal myth. He clearly shows how the ideals of family myth and maternal myth are distant from the reality. In result of this study, Park's criticism of family ideology appears in various forms. He comprehensively criticizes both the general family problems and the unique family issues of Korea. The family ideology of Korea is currently undergoing a radical change. It has been long since the traditional family ideologies have exposed problems to show the signs of crisis. Also, there have emerged various forms of families, including single-parent families, one-person families, adoption families, and multi-cultural families. In this respect, Park's critical understanding of family ideologies allows you to see the obvious family forms from a new perspective and greatly contributes to awakening the essential questions about families. Park's work is noticeable among the various artistic and literature pieces that deal with family issues because of his extraordinary skills to capture the key issues inherent in the problems of family ideologies.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.177-188
• /
• 2019

Emotional labor is the process of regulating feelings or emotions and expressing them in the way that fulfill job requirement. There have been many studies about characteristics or related variables of service workers' emotional labor, but are few studies comparing emotional labor between service workers and non-service workers. Therefore we are to examine the differences of emotional labor among the different types of workers. And as depression and lowered quality of life are well known negative consequences of emotional labor, we also intend to study the relationship between depression, quality of life, and emotional labor. Data were collected from 125 sales workers, and 186 cyber university full time students. And as to assure the student participants to be non-service workers, we limited the participant job as administrator, soldier or housewife. To compare differences of groups, one-way ANOVA was performed with Fisher's LSD as post hoc comparison. On overload in customer reception, service workers showed significantly higher scores, and on demand of emotional regulation/emotional dissonance/depression, both service workers and housewives showed significantly higher scores. Also analysis of multiple regression was performed, and the result showed that, emotional dissonance increased depression but decreased quality of life, while support/care increased quality of life, but decreased depression. With the result, implications and limitations of this study were discussed.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• 제57권4호
• /
• pp.323-328
• /
• 2018

Despite rising global concerns over the potential impacts of invasive alien species on indigenous species, the consequences of such introductions are lacking. The cabbage seedpod weevil (CSPW, Ceutorhynchus obstrictus) was found invaded into Korea in the early of 1990s. A large-scale survey in Korea reveals that, in about 20 years post-arrival, the invasive CSPW has become the most abundant on rape flowers and spread almost parts of South Korea including Is. Jeju and Is. Ulleung. Its spread is concurrent with the habitat retraction to cruciferous weeds of the native rapseed weevil (RSW, C. albosuturalis). However, Is. Yeoseo located between the mainland and Is. Jeju, showed their ratio with about 1:1. It suggests that the population of CSPW recently entered this island. Although underlying mechanisms of the decline of native species and increase of invaded species remain unknown, the potential roles of exploitative competition cannot be ruled out. Given that invasive weevil can rapidly replace native congeners, increased level of surveillances is demanding to discourage further invasion of othe alien pests.

• 한국노년학
• /
• 제36권3호
• /
• pp.785-808
• /
• 2016

This study portraits the way of self-preparation for death among the elderly and examines the meaning and values attached to the elderly-care by their family and friends through the analysis of Kyung-ran Jo's novels. First, the author describes the difficulties and inner conflict of women who provide care for the elderly, especially those facing death in the near future. She also describes how the acceptance of death and self-discovery among the caregivers can be developed from the experience of long term care. These are consistent with the arguments by Ecofemnist on positive sides of providing caregiving in an aging society. In her novels, caregiving from young women is not described as the consequences of internalized gender norms of traditional Confucian culture. Rather, it is depicted as attitude toward a life in a commune where the meaning of life and death of elderly is shared between generations. In addition, struggles of the elderly figures against diseases and the process of their death provide an opportunity for young caregivers to overcome the trauma of other's death witnessed in their childhood. They lead the young caregivers to reflect themselves by raising ontologistic questions on life and death. The author shows the communication between generations presenting the self-preparation of death from the old generation undergoing irreversible aging and caregiving activities of significant others from the young generation. In doing so, the author points out the ethical grounds for diseases and death in old age given the condition of personalization of death in the modern society.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
• /
• 제52권
• /
• pp.111-132
• /
• 2018

The way of approaching 'the relationship between love and justice' varies from person to person. We can argue for superiority of love or for superiority of justice by understanding the relationship between the two as conflicting. We can also argue that we need each other by understanding each other as a complementary relationship rather than an oppositional relationship. Hegel, however, sees love and justice as independent constitutive principles valid in different areas and does not regard the two as opposing nor complementary. This can only be understood when the structure of Hegel's theory of recognition is properly assumed. The relationship between love and justice will be considered mainly in Hegel's theory of recognition. Key philosophical points of Hegel's theory of recognition and consequences drawn on the relationship between love and justice on the basis of the theory will be examined. This can be summarized in the form of a thesis, roughly as follows. - Hegel presents love, justice and solidarity, that are various forms of recognition, to a family, a civil society and a state, that are three forms of social relations, as their constitutive principles. He does not grasp the relationship between love and justice as oppositional nor as complementary, that is different from many people's general perspective on the relationship of the two. - In Hegel's theory of recognition, love and justice differ in the areas in which they are valid. Love is a valid principle in the intimacy, and justice is a valid principle in non-intimacy. So, if justice and rights are asserted in intimacy, the area of intimacy is destroyed. Conversely, if love is asserted in non-intimacy, it cannot exercise real influence. - In the political community such as a state, where intimacy and non-intimacy overlap each other, the principle of solidarity is needed as a new constitutive principle, since a state does not stand on the principle of love as in a family nor on the principle of justice as in a civil society.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
• /
• 제40권
• /
• pp.91-110
• /
• 2015

Both Plato and More imagined alternative ways of organizing society. What is common to both authors, then, is the fact that they resorted to fiction to discuss other options. They differed, however, in the way they presented that fiction. The concept of utopia is no doubt an attribute of modern thought, and one of its most visible consequences. But one of the main features of utopia as a literary genre is its relationship with reality. Utopists depart from the observation of the society they live in, note down the aspects that need to be changed and imagine a place where those problems have been solved. After the two World Wars, the twentieth century was predominantly characterized by man's disappointment at the perception of his own nature. In this context, utopian ideals seemed absurd and the floor was inevitably left to dystopian discourse. Both The Road by Cormac MacCarthy and The Childhood of Jesus by J. M. Coetzee can be called critical dystopia and critical utopia as they represent the imaginary place and time that author intended a contemporaneous reader to view as better or worse than contemporary society but with difficult problems that the described society may or may not be able to solve. As a changed adventure narrative, they have something in common like open ending, father and son relationship and religious allegory. But the most important thing is that they express the utopian impulse that is still energetic and transforming in the post-modern society.