• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제38B권6호
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• pp.417-426
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• 2013

The Korea Internet AS-level topology was constructed using three data sources: Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) trace collector, Internet Routing Registry (IRR), and Internet Exchange Point (IXP). It has 685 nodes and 1,428 links. The Korea Internet AS-level topology is a small regional subgraph of the massive global one. We investigate how well the Korea Internet preserves the topological characteristics of the global one or how different they are. We carefully select several topology metrics that can analyze the characteristics of the Korea Internet AS-level topology. We also investigate how well Internet topology generators can represent the characteristics of the Korea Internet AS-level topology.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.391-407
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• 2012

The loss of connectivity and fragmentation of forest landscapes are seriously hindering dispersal of many forest-dwelling species, which may be critical for their viability and conservation by decreasing habitat area and increasing distance among habitats. For understanding their environmental impacts, numerous spatial models exist to measure landscape connectivity. However, general relationships between functional connectivity and landscape structure are lacking, there is a need to develop landscape metrics that more accurately measure landscape connectivity in whole landscape and individual patches. We reviewed functional and structural definition of landscape connectivity, explained their mathematical connotations, and applied representative 13 indices in 3 districts of Seoul having fragmented forest patches with tits, the threshold distance was applied 500m by considering the dispersal of tits. Results of correlation and principal component analysis showed that connectivity indices could be divided by measurement methods whether they contain the area attribute with distance or not. Betweenness centrality(BC), a representative index measuring distance and distribution among patches, appreciated highly stepping stone forest patches, and difference of probability of connectivity(dPC), an index measuring including area information, estimated integrated connectivity of patches. Therefore, for evaluating landscape connectivity, it is need to consider not only general information of a region and species' characteristics but also various measuring methods of landscape connectivity.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2009

We investigate the connectivity of fading wireless ad-hoc networks with a pair of novel connectivity metrics. Our first metric looks at the problem of connectivity relying on the outage capacity of MIMO channels. Our second metric relies on a probabilistic treatment of the symbol error rates for such channels. We relate both capacity and symbol error rates to the characteristics of the underlying communication system such as antenna configuration, modulation, coding, and signal strength measured in terms of signal-to-interference-noise-ratio. For each metric of connectivity, we also provide a simplified treatment in the case of ergodic fading channels. In each case, we assume a pair of nodes are connected if their bi-directional measure of connectivity is better than a given threshold. Our analysis relies on the central limit theorem to approximate the distribution of the combined undesired signal affecting each link of an ad-hoc network as Gaussian. Supported by our simulation results, our analysis shows that (1) a measure of connectivity purely based on signal strength is not capable of accurately capturing the connectivity phenomenon, and (2) employing multiple antenna mobile nodes improves the connectivity of fading ad-hoc networks.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2007

웹 어플리케이션의 복잡도는 증가하고 생명주기는 점차 짧아지는 추세이다. 따라서 웹 어플리케이션의 유연성과 확장성을 향상시키는 재구조화가 필요하며, 클러스터링을 통해 시스템을 이해하고 재구조화하는 접근법이 사용되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 웹 페이지들을 클러스터링하기 위한 결합도 메트릭을 제안한다. 이를 위하여 웹 어플리케이션 모델을 정의하였으며 이 모델에는 웹 페이지 사이의 관계 유형 및 파라미터의 개수 정보가 포함된다. 이를 기반으로 결합도 메트릭은 웹 페이지 사이의 직접적인 연결 강도와 간접적인 연결 강도를 고려하여 정의되었다. 두 페이지 사이에 직접적인 관계가 다수 존재하고 파라미터의 개수가 많을수록 직접적인 연결 강도는 높아지며, 두 페이지가 각각 다른 페이지들에 대해 가지는 연결 패턴이 유사할수록 간접적 연결 강도는 높아진다. 제안한 메트릭을 메트릭 검증 프레임웍을 이용하여 검증하고, 예제에 적용하여 기존 메트릭과의 비교 분석을 통하여 기존 메트릭의 단점을 보완하였음을 보인다.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.154-162
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• 2019

대부분의 우리나라의 하천은 제방 축조에 의하여 수로와 홍수터 사이의 횡적연결성이 훼손되어 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 GIS를 이용하여 하천 횡적연결성을 간편하게 원격으로 평가하는 기법을 개발하고 중부지방의 대표적인 하천인 청미천에 적용하여 평가법의 효용성을 평가하는데 있다. 원격평가법의 평가항목은 제내지 서식지 환경 항목으로서 (1) 습지 유지 여부와 (2) 토지이용 특성을 연결성 항목으로서 (3) 제방 차단 여부, (4) 하천과의 연결성 및 (5) 육상 자연서식지와의 연결성으로 구성하였다. 개발된 평가법을 청미천에 시범 적용한 결과에 따르면 청미천의 제내지 옛홍수터는 제방 축조와 토지이용 변화로 횡적연결성이 크게 저하되어 있었다. 또한 GIS 원격 평가법에 의하여 청미천 옛홍수터의 횡적 연결성이 다양한 수준인 것으로 평가되었다. 연구에서 개발된 횡적연결성 원격 평가법은 앞으로 하천의 횡적연결성을 복원하는 다양한 시도에서 현재 연결성의 제한 요인을 파악하는데 유용한 도구로서 이용될 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제35권11B호
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• pp.1676-1684
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• 2010

전술 네트워크 환경은 분산된 구조 하에 노드의 이동성이 보장되는 망 구조를 지향하며, 상용 통신망에 비해 상대적으로 열악한 무선 채널 환경의 특성이 고려되어야 한다. 이러한 환경에서 신뢰성 있는 데이터 전송을 위해서는 경로 결정 시 다양한 무선 채널 환경 요소 및 기동 노드의 상태를 자체적으로 인지하여, 전송 트래픽의 QoS(Quality of Service) 요구조건에 적합한 최적 경로 선정이 이루어져야 한다. 본 논문에서는 전술 네트워크 환경의 서비스 요구 조건 및 트래픽 특성을 정의하고, 이를 기반으로 라우팅 메트릭(Routing Metric)의 선별적인 선을 통해 최적경로를 산출함으로써 효율적 데이터 전송이 가능한 AODV-IMTC(Integrated Metrics and Traffic Characteristics)를 제안한다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2004

In GIS-based network analysis, topological measure of network structure can be considered as one of important factors in the urban transportation analysis. Related to this measure, it is known that the connectivity indices such as alpha index and gamma index, which mean degree of network connectivity and complexity on a graph or a circuit, provide fundamental information. On the other hand, shimbel index is one of GIS-based spatial metrics to characterize degree of network concentration. However, the approach using these quantitative indices has not been widely used in practical level yet. In this study, an application program, in complied as extension, running on ArcView- GIS is implemented and demonstrated case examples using basic layers such as road centerline and administrative boundary. In this approach, geo-spatial imagery can be effectively used to actual applications to determine the analysis zone, which is composed of networks to extract these indices. As the results of the implementation and the case examples, it is notified that alpha and gamma indices as well as shimbel index can be used as referential data or auxiliary information for urban planning and transportation planning.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제33권7B호
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• pp.488-501
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• 2008

Convergence of various wireless systems can be cost effectively achieved through enhancement of existing technology. The emergence of Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) entails the interoperability and interconnection of various wireless technologies in one single system. Furthermore, WMN can be implemented with multi-radio and multi-channel enhancement. A multi-radio, multi-channel wireless mesh network could greatly improve certain networking performance metrics. In this research, two approaches namely, clustering and topology control mechanisms are integrated with multi-radio multi-channel wireless mesh network. A Clustering and Topology Control Algorithm (CTCA)is presented that would prolong network lifetime of the client nodes and maintain connectivity of the routers.

• 대한임베디드공학회논문지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.151-157
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• 2023

RPL (IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-power Lossy Network) is a standardized routing protocol for LLNs (Low power and Lossy Networks) by the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force). RPL creates routes and builds a DODAG (Destination Oriented Directed Acyclic Graph) through OF (Objective Function) defining routing metrics and optimization objectives. RPL supports a leaf mode which does not allow any child nodes. In this paper, we propose INFRA-RPL which provides a dynamic leaf mode functionality to a leaf node with the mobility. The proposed protocol is implemented in the open-source IoT operating system, Contiki-NG and Cooja simulator, and its performance is evaluated. The evaluation results show that INFRA-RPL outperforms the existing protocols in the terms of PDR, latency, and control message overhead.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.71-80
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• 2024

Objective: This study aimed to explore the brain connectivity between brain and biomechanical variables by exploring motion recognition through FFT (fast fourier transform) analysis and AI (artificial intelligence) focusing on quiet standing movement patterns. Method: Participants included 12 young adult males, comprising university students (n=6) and elite gymnasts (n=6). The first experiment involved FFT of biomechanical signals (f_CoP, f_AJtorque and f_EEG), and the second experiment explored the optimization of AI-based GRU (gated recurrent unit) using f_EEG data. Results: Significant differences (p<.05) were observed in frequency bands and maximum power based on group and posture types in the first experiment. The second study improved motion prediction accuracy through GRU performance metrics derived from brain signals. Conclusion: This study delved into the movement pattern of upright standing posture through the analysis of bio-signals linking the cerebral cortex to motor performance, culminating in the attainment of motion recognition prediction performance.