• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.5
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• pp.303-320
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• 1993

The construction of New Seoul International Airport is under way despite much controversy. Among much discussed, but not well-formulated controversy is the possibility of the airport as a hub in the North Asia Region. This paper specifies the factors which render it possible for an airport to be a regional hub. Then each factor is applied to the new airport to see whether it can function as a hub airport. Also examined is the qualitative cost and benefit calculation related to the hub function. The usual discussion has missed one big point of cost side of hub function in the belief that the hub only produces benefits to the national economy where the airline and airport industry belong; earlier-than-expected congestion and the necessity to expand the airport sufficiently enough to accommodate the increasing air demand. An airport as a hub is determined by several factors; geographical location ; economic status of the country where the airport belongs ; bilateral air service agreements according to which the airlines can exercise the route rights; the airport charges which directly influence the cost structure of the carriers ; international aviation and airport related policies of each country in the region ; airport capacity etc. The tentative implications of this paper are the followings; first, the new airport is able to function as a regional hub in the transpacific routes which connect Asian countries and North America. That is, directional hubbing by the airlines is implicated; second, the main benefits may be accrued to american airlines exercising all the route rights in the Asian region; third, the governmental effort to make the new airport a regional hub must take caution in optimizing the hubbing level (% of transitting passengers and freight) between the benefits and the costs. Further Studies may include optimal level of hubbing for the new airport and, quantification of the impact of the new airport on the national economy depending on the degree of hubbing.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.41-58
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate bird community and to suggest a proper way how to manage protect bird community in Gap stream. The survey was carried out over four sections by the line transect method and point counts method from September 2001 to August 2002. Natural stream region as Gasuwon Bridge - Mannyeon Bridge are observed birds were 11 orders 29 families 67 species, Artificial stream region as Mannyeon Bridge - Daedeok Bridge are observed birds were 6 orders 10 families 30 species, Daedeok Bridge - Wonchon Bridge are 8 orders 12 families 28 species, Wonchon Bridge - Gap Stream Bridge are 8 orders 18 families 40 species. All the observed birds in artificial stream region are 8 orders 19 families 47 species. Number of species in natural stream region was higher than artificial stream region owe to a various habitat environment such as forest, cultivated land, streamside forest, sandy plain, gravelly field, reedy field etc. and can not add with the interface and the usage of the human. Number of species in artificial stream region was lower than natural stream region owe to a simple habitat environment and the water ecosystem is severed with embankment block and grass plot with the land ecosystem. The furtherance of various habitat environment which considers the ecosystem like the natural stream as the water ecosystem is joined together with the land ecosystem is desired to attract various wildbirds in Gap stream. The design is desired with the maintenance of the stream to consider the stream corridor which plays ecological important role as connect the fragment habitats.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.544-560
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• 2008

This study seeks to clarify the background and factors for the expansion of bus networks that connect Incheon International Airport with its hinterlands. For this research objective, this paper analyzes the relationships among the change of bus routes, competitive transportation modes, passenger fares, and the shortest time distance. Previously, the hinterlands of route bus networks that connect Gimpo International Airport were Seoul metropolitan area, Chungcheong region, Jeonju and Iksan in Jeollabuk-do(province). However, the opening of Incheon International Airport resulted in the expansion of the hinterlands of bus networks to Gangwon-do, Gwangju, and major cities in Youngnam region. Simultaneously, route bus networks also expanded in Seoul metropolitan area. Each bus route connecting Incheon International Airport with its hinterlands was opened by a single bus company or various bus companies. In many cases, due to the uncertainty of revenues or bus company's regional ties, a bus route was opened by various bus companies. In this paper, the analysis of the number of one-way route bus service and density of flight passengers shows that the frequency of the route bus service for Seoul except Gangseo-gu(ward) and for Seoul's satellite cities(Suwon, Seongnam, Anyang, Gunpo, Guri, and Osan) should be decreased. The analysis also shows that the frequency of the route bus services for the other cities, counties(Guns), and wards(gus) should be increased. In Seoul metropolitan area, although route bus fares are more expensive than subway fares, passengers use route bus more frequency than subway because time distance of route bus is shorter than that of subway and subway transfer is inconvenient. In general, outside Seoul metropolitan area, air flight is preferred in the regions that have airports. In contrast, the route bus is preferred in Daegu and other regions that do not have airports.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Arts Education Studies
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.37-62
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to search conditions activating the regional consortium for regional culture education in schools. Results of this study are follows: the regional consortium consists of parents of students, communities, schools, school boards, public institutes, and NGO groups. The consortium contribute the educational support and development for student activities in schools. Furthermore the consortium make an offer to coordinate and facilitate the delivery of information, resources, and services to students, educators, employers, and the community. Therefore, the consortium might be best described as "matchmakers" that help ensure that our customers are able to easily connect with providers of the services they need. The consortium will be made up of a network of service providers from across its region that all collaborate in helping to connect the local education and school communities.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.7 no.2 s.14
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• pp.33-40
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• 2001

The purpose of this paper is on identifying spatial structure of Palwang and Taechon village and dealing with restoration direction of village spatial structure and village groves. The results are as follows. It was identified that the standing stone for penis form is not standing stone for praying son but complementing that for enforcing enclosed function of enclosing village groves. It was considered that village entrance and entrance road, village grove of Taechon village must be restored for being identified as standing stone of penis form of spatial structure of village. It was considered that the above is essential to connect with ecotourism of Sunchang-gun region. It was identified that Palwang village grove is very good in conservation state, but Taechon village grove has been destructed mostly by various development. It was identified that Palwang village grove is high in species diversity and in scare value as mixed forest, landscape value. The dominent tree of Palwang village was Pinus densiflora and that of Taechon was Salix glandulosa. Salix glandulosa was used pavilion tree, main tree in both village. It was identified that Carpinus tschonoskii is showing the most rapid growth in tree height and Salix glandulosa is showing the most rapid growth in tree breadth diameter of all kind of tree. It was considered that Pinus densiflora was planted first of all and deciduous trees were complemented later. It was considered that simple forest of Pinus densiflora has been changed into mixed forest by artificial affect in the long term. It was considered that Salix glandulosa in Palwang village grove must be indicated as legal protection tree according to present criteria of protection tree selection in Korea. And it is considered desirable that standing stone of penis form and village grove in Palwang village must be indicated unitedly as cultural conservation element.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.67-85
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• 2009

The Trans-Central Asian Railway consists of the Trans-Caspian Railroad, the Kazalinsk Route, the Turk-Sib, and the Trans-Kazakhstan Trunk Line. Currently, one-fifth of the residents in Central Asia are living around these railroads on which 70% of the economic activities in the region depends. The construction of the railroads in Central Asia was motivated by the Russian Empire's competition 'with its maritime rival, the United Kingdom, over the Eurasian heartland in a geostrategic sense. Using the railroads, the Russian Empire aspired to connect its central industrial regions in European Russia with the remote frontier areas in the Central Asian republics and to increase economic specialization of the region. After the breakdown of the USSR, however, the rail network, which had well been linked among the regions in the former Soviet nations, has been in a deteriorated linkage with their non-Soviet neighboring nations. Despite a lot of problems to be solved, the Trans-Central Asian rail network is expected to play a crucial role as a land bridge between East Asia and Europe as well as between Russia/the Baltic sea and the Indian Ocean/the Persian Gulf in the long-term.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.55-66
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• 2005

Association of South East Asian Nations(ASEAN) has recently decided to develop ASEAN Highway Network to connect member countries by road in an attempt to achieve a goal of closer economic integration in the region. This entailed the necessity to newly construct or upgrade some 5,481 km of road sections to make ASEAN Highway Network functional. This study offers haw we can prioritize development of these road sections using the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Particularly, it shows how individual road sections can be prioritized considering the importance of corridor or road group where the individual road section lies. It also develops how values of different evaluation criteria can be compared in the same scale. This new approach can be useful in prioritizing highway development in such cases where candidate road sections are widely scattered around the region, so detailed benefit and cost analysis is practically too demanding to carry out.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.961-967
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• 2018

Lao-native beef cattle are primarily Bos indicus, and most ruminant production in Laos is still dominated by small-scale or backyard producers that use traditional practices, resulting in low productivity. The cattle herd size in Laos has grown by an average of 5 percent per year from 1.52 million in 2010/11 to 1.81 million in 2014/15. In 2016, the Laos cattle population was 1.88 million head, with smallholder farmers representing 98% of production despite efforts by the Laos government to develop commercial-scale farms. There were 170 commercial cattle farms in 2016, with 56 percent in the Central region of Laos. Although, overall, ruminant meat production has tended to increase but with consumption at 7.29 kg/capita/yr in 2013, it remains insufficient to meet demand. Crop residues and agro-industrial by-products used in ruminant diets include rice straw, cassava pulp and wet brewers' grains as roughage, energy and protein sources, respectively. The Belt and Road Initiative proposed by China in 2013 will connect China closely with all countries in Southeast Asia. This initiative will change landlocked Laos to land linked for investors who will benefit from convenient transport at a lower cost, promoting agricultural production in Laos.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.372-379
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• 2015

The blade root fillets which have strong influences on the performance of propellers in the both structural and hydrodynamic points of view, are mechanical parts for smooth connection surface with a blade and a hub. A few related researches (Sabol, 1983; Kennedy, 1997) have noted that 3T-T/3 double radius section design would be suitable for reducing Stress Concentration Factor(SCF) and increasing Cavitation Inception Speed(CIS). In this paper, it is confirmed that this compound cross-section design has come close to the optimum solution in the shape optimization standpoint so that it could protect the propeller blade under the frequent and various loading cases. On that basis, we suggest the definite and simple fillet design methodology that has the cross-section with nT-T/n compound radius and elliptic shape which could sustain the given derivatives information as well as the offsets at the boundary and all inner region of the fillet surface. In addition, the result of design is presented in form of IGES file format in order to connect with NC machine seamlessly.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.103-107
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• 2007

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD in short) approach is now playing an important role in the engineering process recently. Generating proper grid system for the region of interest in time is prerequisite for the efficient numerical calculation of flow physics using CFD approach. Grid generation is, however, usually considered as a major obstacle for a routine and successful application of numerical approaches in the engineering process. CFD approach based on the unstructured grid system is gaining popularity due to its simplicity and efficiency for generating grid system compared to the structured grid approaches. In this paper an automated triangular surface grid generation using CAD surface data is proposed According to the present method, the CAD surface data imported in the STL format is processed to identify feature edges defining the topology and geometry of the surface shape first. When the feature edges are identified, node points along the edges are distributed. The initial fronts which connect those feature edge nodes are constructed and then they are advanced along the CAD surface data inward until the surface is fully covered by triangular surface grid cells using Advancing Front Method. It is found that this approach can be implemented in an automated way successfully saving man-hours and reducing human-errors in generating triangular surface grid system.