• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of ACRS 2003 ISRS
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• pp.316-318
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• 2003

An eigen-analysis of the coherency matrix provides the polarimetric scattering mechanisms with the matrix characterizing parameters. In this paper, the coherency matrices of deciduous and coniferous vegetation are calculated using the analytical method. The Generalized Rayleigh-Gans approximation is used to model backscattering from distributed coniferous and deciduous leaves. The characteristics of eigen-parameters of simulated coherency matrix for deciduous and coniferous leaves with respect to the leaf shapes and orientations are illustrated.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.43-52
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• 2016

The coniferous fallen leaf is one of the major forestry residues. Since the coniferous fallen leaf would not be easily decayed, the large amount of the coniferous fallen leaves in forestry could be the source of forest fire. The applicability of the fallen leaves to the pulp mold were evaluated for developing new utilization of coniferous fallen leaves. The morphological properties and the chemical composition of the fallen leaves of Pinus densiflora and Pinus koraiensis were evaluated by the comparison with those of fresh leaves. The applicability of the coniferous fallen leaves to the pulp mold and the effects on the pulp mold properties including the scent diffusion were investigated. The fallen leaves showed the shrunk structure by losing the hot water extract component, which leaded to better grinding properties than that of fresh leaves. The pulp mold with fallen leaves showed higher strength properties than the pulp mold with fresh leaves. Although the scent of the pulp mold with fresh leaves was stronger, the pulp mold with fallen leaves had coniferous scent too. The application of fallen leaves to pulp mold for the functional properties could be possible by improving the mechanical properties and the scent lasting treatments.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제21권5_3호
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• pp.665-673
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• 1998

This study was conducted to clarified the relationship between bird community and forest structure and present the counterplan for protection and management of bird community from February 1993 to July 1995 at deciduous and coniferous forest within Mt. Nam area, Seoul, Korea. DBH distribution has not significant differences in each study site. Deciduous forest had more foliage coverage in all layers than coniferous forest. Total 41 species of birds, which were 16 species of resident, 14 species of summer visitor, 4 species of winter visitor, and 7 species of passage migrant were recrded in two study sites. Leaf use rate of birds was increased the increase of coverage. The number of breeding species and pairs, breeding density, and diversity index were greater in deciduous forest than coniferous forest. The number of species and pairs on bush-nesting and foraging guild were greater than other guilds. And the nuber of species and pairs on hole nesting guild were the fewest in nesting guild. Use rate of artificial nests for improvement of habitat quality was greater in coniferous forest than deciduous forest. Maintenance of bush layer, increase of coverage and leaf layer diversity, supply of artificial nests, management of large trees, and control of natural enemy were necessary for protection and management of bird community in Mt. nam area.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.119-129
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• 1999

태백산맥의 태백산, 오대산, 설악산 일대에서 산지대 상부부터 분포하는 침엽수림 내의 임상 선태류군락에 대해 수리군락분류학적 수법 및 식물사회학적 방법에 의해 연구하였다. 그 결과 고등식물의 종조성과 관련하여 그에 대응하는 4개의 임상 선태류군락을 식별하였다. 짚빵나무-분비나무/설악눈주목-눈잣나무/수풀이끼-겉창발이끼군락은 조사지역 중 더 높은 해발에 분포하며 주극요소의 종군에 의해 식별되었고, 짚빵나무-분비나무군집 혹은 설악눈주목-눈잣나무군집의 분층군락을 이루었다. 반면에 조릿대-분비나무/등덩굴초롱이끼-긴몸초롱이끼군락, 전나무-분비나무/작은잎깃털이끼-꼬인아기초롱이끼군락, 벌깨덩굴-분비나무/아기호랑꼬리이끼-겹친주목이끼군락은 더 낮은 해발의 침광혼효림 영역에 분포하며, 물개암나무-신갈나무군집의 분층군락을 이루었다. 상기 군락의 조사구 및 종에 대해 집괴분석, 종간결합분석, 주성분분석의 수리군락분류학적 수법을 적용한 결과, 이들은 크게 두가지 형으로 분리되었으며, 각각 산지대와 아고산대의 임상 선태류군라을 특징지웠다. 끝으로 태백산맥에서 냉온대와 아한대의 삼림대적 접속관계를 식물사회학적 입장에서 재검토하였다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제54권11호
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• pp.875-889
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• 2021

본 연구는 용담댐 유역(904.4 km²)을 대상으로 준분포형 장기유출 모델인 SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool)과 Terra MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)의 엽면적지수 위성자료를 활용하여 임상별로 수문에 미치는 영향을 비교 및 분석하였다. 수문 평가 기간은 2010년부터 2019년까지 10년으로 설정하였으며, 8일 간격의 MOD15A2 LAI (Leaf Area Index)자료, 토양수분 TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) 관측소 3개소(GB, JC, CC), 증발산량 Flux Tower 1개소(DU)와 용담댐(YDD) 유입량 자료를 SWAT 모의결과와 비교하여 적용성을 검토하였다. 검·보정 결과, 침엽수, 활엽수, 혼효림 LAI의 R²는 각각 0.95, 0.89, 0.90이며, 토양수분 및 증발산량 관측소 R²는 각각 0.50 ~ 0.55, 0.51로 분석되었으며, 용담댐 유입량의 경우 R²의 경우 0.74, RMSE 2.75 mm/day, NSE 0.70, PBIAS 14.3 %로 분석되었다. 검·보정된 유역을 기반으로 하여 HRU에서 침엽수, 활엽수, 혼효림 수문분석 결과 총 연평균 증발산량은 침엽수 469.7 mm 이며, 활엽수는 501.0 mm, 혼효림의 경우 511.5 mm로 산정되었으며, 유출량은 침엽수 909.8 mm, 활엽수 860.6 mm, 혼효림 864.2 mm로 산정되었다. 연중 패턴이 비슷한 다른 수문과 다르게 여름과 가을에 엽면적지수가 높은 활엽수의 증발산량이 침엽수에 비해 높아 연평균 증발산량이 약 7% 높게 산정되었다. 또한, 유출량의 경우 지표유출 및 중간유출의 경우 활엽수가 각각 9%, 6% 높았으나, 침엽수의 기저유출이 77% 더 높은 것으로 산정됐다. 따라서, 총유출량이 침엽수 혼효림 활엽수 순으로 많은 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.97-102
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• 2009

This study was carried out to evaluate litterfall dynamics in three adjacent coniferous tree plantations (larch: Larix leptolepis; red pine: Pinus densiflora; rigitaeda pine: P. rigitaeda) planted in the same year (1963), and growing under similar environmental conditions in the Sambong Exhibition Forests, Hamyang-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do. Litter was collected monthly between July 2006 and June 2008. Needle, broad leaf and total litter inputs followed a similar monthly pattern in the three coniferous plantations. The amounts of needles, flowers, and miscellaneous litter were significantly lower in the larch than in the two pine plantations, while branch litter was significantly higher in the larch than in the two pine plantations. Average total litterfall for two years was significantly higher for the pine (5,475 kg $ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ for red pine and 5,290 kg $ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ for rigitaeda pine) plantations than for the larch (3,953 kg $ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ plantation. Needle litter comprised about 73.1% of total litterfall for the rigitaeda pine, 70.8% for the red pine and 62.9% for the larch plantations. Our results demonstrate that litterfall inputs can be affected by tree species.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.65-74
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to find the basic application of Disporum genus in landscape-arc-hitectual space. Environment of native site (Daeducksan, Piseulsan) and growth characteristics of experiment plot were investigated and analyzed in this study. The results of this study were as follows; 1. In the case of environment of native site, the relative light intensity was about 10% and distribution of species were primarily north slope. Gradient of Daeducksan and Piseulsan were 10$^{\circ}$, 18$^{\circ}$ Soil textures was Lic both and field capacity of Daeducksan and Piseulsan were 69%, 73.5%. The soil pH of Daeducksan and Piseulsan were 6.1 and 5.8. The both content of organic matter and C.E.C. were high markedly. The P2O5 content of Daeducksan showed high but total nitrogen showed nearly the same level when comparing with the common dry field condition. 2. In tree layer, Daeducksan composed of broadleaved forest of 80% involving Quercus variabilis, and Piseulsan composed of coniferous forest of 80% involving Pinus densiflora on the other hand. Daeducksan, therefore, was more appearance species than Piseulsan in herbaceous layer. 3. Result in ANOVA Test, significance followed with light intensity was recognized in plant height, leaf width, leaf length, leaf thick and No. of leaf, while in the case of soil was not. Plant height was longest in 1% and leaf width, leaf length was largest in 25%. Therefore ornamental value of leaf was the very best in 25%. 4. Result in correlation coefficient analysis, plant height was correlated leaf width, leaf length. The longer plant height, the smaller leaf width, leaf length. In relative light intensity of 1%, flower was hardly expected because of the more shade, the less flower. Disporum smilacinum is expected great use as ground covers in the shades of tall-building or hdavy woods.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.17-20
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• 1962

Altitudinal zones of Mt. Hanla were geoecologically investigated, and compared with climate index, according to Coniferae distribution. For climatic index, Warmth index was calculated on Mt. Hanla. With the resultsobtained, the altitudinal zones can be classified into the following three zones; Coniferous forest zone: below $43^{\circ}$ (month-degrees) (above 1, 450m) Deci(u)us broad-leaf forest zone: $84^{\circ}$-$43^{\circ}$ (600-1, 450m) Lucidophyllous forest zone: above $84^{\circ}$ (below 600m)

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.371-380
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• 2003

The primary objective of this study is to develop a suitable methodology to generate forest leaf area index (LAI) map at regional and local scales. To build empirical models, we collected the LAI values at 30 sample plots over the forest within the kyongan watershed area by the field measurements using an optical instrument. Landsat-7 ETM＋ multispectral data obtained at the same growing season with the field LAI measurement were used. Three datasets of remote sensing signal were prepared for analyzing the relationship with the field measured LAI value and they include raw DN, atmospherically corrected reflectance, and topographically corrected reflectance. From the correlation analysis and regression model development, we found that the radiometric correction of topographic effects was very critical step to increase the sensitivity of the multispectral reflectance to LAI. In addition, the empirical model to generate forest LAI map should be separately developed for each of coniferous and deciduous forest.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제37권9호
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• pp.737-744
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 산림식생에 따른 장기적인 측면에서의 유역 물수지 영향을 살펴보기 위하여 보청천 유역을 대상유역으로 선정하고, 준분포형 매개변수 모형인 SWAT 모형을 적용하여, 침엽수와 활엽수에 따른 증발산, 지표유출, 중간유출, 기저유출, 총 유출의 차이를 검토하였다. 먼저 SWAT 모형내 식생 생장 알고리즘을 수정하여 연중 일정한 엽면적지수를 갖는 국내 침엽수림의 생장 특성을 반영할 수 있도록 하였으며, 대상유역을 하나의 토지피복을 갖는 가상의 유역으로 설정한 후, 수정된 SWAT 모형을 적용하여 각 물수지 요소 변화를 모의한 결과, 침엽수가 활엽수에 비해 증발산 증가 및 유출 감소에 더 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나, 보다 정량적인 규명과 유출모형의 불확실성을 보완하기 위해서는 수종 외에 수령, 식재밀도, 식재위치, 토양특성자료 등 다양한 조건이 충분히 고려되어야 할 것이다.