• 대한수의학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.55-61
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• 1991

The correlation between in vitro Congo-red binding properties of E coli and in vivo invasiveness of the organisms in SPF chickens and mice was investigated. Congo-red positive E coli colonies were dark-red color with a typical colonial morphology of rough appearance when grown on Congo-red medium, while Congo-red negative colonies showed pale-pink color and smooth surfaced colonial morphology. Pathogenicity of 10 Congo-red positive E coli for mice was observed in 92.5% but that of 5 Congo-red negative E coli was 45%. Invasiveness of 10 Congo-red positive E coli for chickens was observed in 96% of the SPF chickens tested but that of 5 Congo-red negative E coli was 16% only. These results of pathogenicity studies with E coli isolates indicate a significant correlation between Congo-red binding ability and virulence in avian Escherichia coli.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.773-777
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• 2003

The color of Congo red hinders the spectrometric measurements of a concentration of hydrogen peroxide and enzyme activity (Horseradish peroxidase; HRP) during enzymatic decoloring of Congo red. In this study, a method was developed to measure peroxidase activity and hydrogen peroxide concentration in the presence of Congo red. The oxidation product of HRP/hydrogen peroxide and ABTS(2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzotriazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) formed a dark green color. The spectrum of this product showed absorption bands at 420 nm and 734 nm. When compared with the Congo red spectrum, the absorption at 734 nm of this product did not overlap with Congo red, thus making the hydrogen peroxide measurement possible even in the presence of Congo red. Kinetic study of decoloring of Congo red performed by this method showed that the decoloring reaction followed the Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Pulse feeding of hydrogen peroxide, upon depletion, significantly increased the decoloring of Congo red. This result shows that this newly developed technique can monitor, predict, and improve the enzymatic decoloring process.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1991

The influence of chemical structure of Benzopurpurine 4B and Congo Red on the color fastness properties of cotton fabric have been studied at $90^{\circ}C$. Each dyeing carried with $10\times10^{-6}M$ of dye concentration and 0.1 M of NaCl. The results obtained from this study were as follow; 1. The properties of fastness to washing by Benzopurpurine 4B were superior to those of Congo Red. 2. The properties of fastness to light by Congo Red were superior to those of Benzopurpurine 4B. 3. The color variation appeared more vividly in the case of Benzopurpurine 4B than Congo Red and the color shifted to Red Purple after washing test but to Yellow Red after Fade-O-meter test.

• 분석과학
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.115-119
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• 2002

$\alpha$ 및 $\beta$-Cyclodextrin(CD)과 Congo red간의 복합체 형성에 관한 연구를 분광학적 방법으로 조사하였다. 이 결과 cavity 크기가 작은 $\alpha$-CD는 Congo red의 입체적 장애 때문에 복합체를 형성하지 못하였다. 한편 가시광선 영역의 S-형 흡광도 증가 현상으로 볼 때 두 분자의 $\beta$-CD가 한 분자의 Congo red와 equatorial 형태로 복합체를 형성하는 것 같다. 등 흡수점은 346 nm과 478 nm 두 곳에서 나타났다. 온도에 따른 형성상수의 값으로부터 온도가 올라가면 binding energy의 감소로 형성상수가 감소하였다. 열역학적 parameter의 계산 결과 $\Delta$H, $\Delta$S 및 $\Delta$G는 각각 -50.73 kJ/mol, $-108.96J/K{\cdot}mol$ 및 -18.24 kJ/mol 이었다. 따라서 큰 엔트로피 감소를 동반한 자발적 반응임을 알 수 있었다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.64-70
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• 2015

본 연구는 활성탄에 의한 congo red의 흡착 거동에 대해 회분식 실험을 통해 알아보았다. 흡착변수로 흡착제의 양, pH, 초기농도와 접촉시간과 온도를 사용하였다. 흡착평형자료는 Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin 및 Dubin-Radushkevich 식에 적용하여 보았다. 평가된 Freundlich 분리계수(1/n)로부터 활성탄에 의한 congo red의 흡착공정이 적절한 처리방법이 될 수 있음을 알았고, Temkin 상수(B)와 Dubinin-Radushkevich 상수(E)로부터 물리흡착공정임을 알았다. 동력학적 실험을 통해 흡착공정이 유사이차반응속도식에 잘 일치함을 알았다. 입상활성탄에 대한 congo red의 흡착공정은 발열반응(${\Delta}H$=42.036 kJ/mol)이었고, Gibbs 자유에너지값(${\Delta}G$=-2.414~-4.596 kJ/mol)은 온도가 증가할수록 감소하였다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제23권4호통권75호
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• pp.298-304
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• 1995

백색부후균류에 의한 poly R-478, congo red 및 methylene blue 등 3 가지 염료의 탈색을 여러 가지 배양조건에서 분석한 결과 국내에서 분리한 구름버섯 (Coriolous versicolor KR-11W 와 C. versicolor KR-65W) 2균주가 정치배양시 가장 우수한 효과를 나타내었다. C. versicolor KR-11W는 poly R-478을 13일만에, congo red를 7일만에 100%, methylene blue를 7일만에 90%까지 탈색시켰다. C. versicolor KR-65W는 poly R-478을 15일만에 100%, congo red를 7일만에 85%, methylene blue를 7일만에 100% 까지 탈색시켰다. 대조구로 사용한 Phanerochaete chrysosporium IFO 31249는 poly R-478 을 15일만에 약 35%, congo red를 7일만에 85%, methylene blue를 7일만에 95%까지 탈색시켰다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.473-480
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• 1998

The bacterial strain JE-1 degrading and utilizing Congo Red as a sole carbon source was isolated from dye-contaminated soul and Identified as Enterobacter species. Enterobacter sp. JE-1 had the highesc decolorization ability when It was cultured In the medium containing 0.05% $NH_4N0_3, 0.05% K_2HP0_4, 0. 03%$ $MgSO_4$, $7H_2O$, 0.025% Congo Red, initial pH 7.0 at $30^{\circ}C$, respectively Enterobacter sp. n-1 had the relatively high substrate specificity. The dye decolorizing activity was exclusively extracellular. The expected metabolic intermediates of Congo Red by Enterobacter sp.15-1 were analyzed by GC/MS. As a result. metabolic products like hauadecanoic acid, 1, 2, 3-triphenylcyclopropene, aliphatic hydrocarbons butylester were detected. Benzldine 616 not detected.

• Mycobiology
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.21-24
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• 2007

To evaluate which dye is effective in a plate assay for detecting extracellular cellulase activity produced by fungi, four chromogenic dyes including remazol brilliant blue, phenol red, congo red, and tryphan blue, were compared using chromagepic media. For the comparison, 19 fungal species belonging to three phyla, ascomycota, basidiomycota, and zygomycota were inoculated onto yeast nitrogen-based media containing different carbon substrates such as cellulose (carboxylmethyl and avicel types) and cellobiose labeled with each of the four dyes. Overall, the formation of clear zone on agar media resulting from the degradation of the substrates by the enzymes secreted from the test fungi was most apparent with media containing congo red. The detection frequency of cellulase activity was also most high on congo red-supplemented media. The results of this study showed that congo red is better dye than other three dyes in, a plate assay for, fungal enzyme detection.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.889-896
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• 2005

The nanosized $TiO_2$ photocatalysts were prepared by the hydrolysis of $TiCl_4$ and calcined at different temperatures. The resulting materials were characterized by TGA, DSC, XRD, and TEM testing techniques. XRD, TEM, and BET measurements indicated that the particle size of $TiO_2$ was increased with rise of calcination temperature and surface area was decreased with rise of it. The prepared $TiO_2$ photocatalysts were used for the photocatalytic degradation of congo red. The effects of calcination temperature, $TiO_2$ loading, the initial concentration of congo red, and usage frequencies were investigated and the rate constants were determined by regressing the experimental data. Calcination is an effective treatment to increase the photo activity of nanosized $TiO_2$ photocatalysts resulting from the improvement of crystallinity. The optimum calcination temperature of the catalyst for the efficient degradation of congo red was found to be $400^{\cric}C$. The rate constant was decreased with increase in the initial concentration of congo red and increased with increase in the $TiO_2$ loading. In the case of $TiO_2$ photocatalysts, the photocatalytic activity wasn't greatly affected by the usage frequencies.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.1320-1324
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• 2006

The pancreatic and neutrophil elastases are associated with several illnesses including lung and vascular diseases, various cancers, and pancreatitis. The development of a potent and specific inhibitor to the elastases could lead to new therapies. In this study, an agar diffusion method was modified to include a substrate-dye conjugate (Elastin-Congo red) as a substrate of elastase and an indicator of elastase inhibitory activity. The Elastin-Congo red agar plates consisted of 0.1 % Elastin-Congo red and 2.5% agar. The elastase and elastase inhibitors were simultaneously loaded into wells, ultimately resulting in halo formations in which the halo diameter decreased as the concentration of elastase inhibitor increased. The concentration of elastase inhibitor in the samples, therefore, was inversely proportional to the halo diameters. This simplified method provided an excellent correlation with the standard microplate technique, which uses a chromogenic substrate. The concentration of elastase inhibitor obtained from the culture supernatant of a recombinant elastase inhibitor produced by the yeast Pichia pastoris was easily determined. This study has established a simple modified and inexpensive agar diffusion method that is potentially useful for the identification, quantification, and screening of new elastase inhibitors.