• 분석과학
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.520-533
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• 2000

고분해능 가스크로마토그래프/고분해능 질량분석기를 이용하여 도시지역과 공업지역에 거주하는 산모로부터 채취된 초유에서 PCBs 및 PCDD/FS를 분석하였다. 모유에 오염되어 있는 평균 PCDD/FS와 PCBs의 농도는 각각 15.13 TEQ pg/g fat과 5.64 TEQ pg/g fat이었다. 본 연구 결과, 거주지역과는 무관하게 서로 다른 두 경향을 보이는 동족체(homologue) 분포를 발견하였다. 각 분포의 이성질체를 상업적으로 판매되었던 PCBs 생산품의 조성과 비교하여 동족체 분포에 대한 고찰을 했다. 초산모의 평균 PCDD/Fs 농도인 20.84 TEQ pg/g fat을 기준으로 영유아의 1일 PCDD/Fs 섭취량을 계산했을 때 60 TEQ pg/kg/day의 값이 산출되었다. 이 값은 미국에서 계산된 1일 성인 PCDD/Fs 일반 노출 양인 1-3 TEQ pg/kg/day보다 훨씬 높은 값이다.

• 분석과학
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.153-162
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• 2004

생활 폐기물 소각장에서 채취한 비산재를 이용하여 다이옥신 정도 관리용 인증표준물질(CRM)을 제조하였고 이를 이용하여 실시된 실험실 간 비교 평가가 실시되었다. 채취된 비산재는 여러 번의 균질화 과정을 거쳤으며 균질성 시험은 ISO Guide 35에 따른 일원분산분석을 통해 이루어졌고 제조된 CRM에 대한 불확도 평가를 수행하였다. 각 기관의 비산재 농도값과 CRM 농도값을 비교 해 본 결과 polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs)는 대부분의 기관이 CRM에 비해 낮은 값을 보였으며 polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs)는 대부분의 기관에서 높은 값을 보였다. 추출액의 경우 이성체 별로 정도의 차이는 있지만 대부분의 기관에서 평균에 가까운 값을 나타냈다.

• 분석과학
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.184-191
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 HRGC/HRMS에 의한 다이옥신분석에 있어 가장 널리 사용되고 있는 SP-2331 및 DB-5MS 컬럼에 의한 독성 2,3,7,8-다이옥신 동족체 분리의 영향에 대하여 조사하였다. 컬럼분리성능평가 표준용액과 비산재 시료의 분석을 통하여 이들 컬럼에 의한 tetra, penta 및 hexa-2,3,7,8-동족체의 분리에 대한 부분과 I-TEQ값의 영향을 중심으로 설명하였다. 이들 두 컬럼에 의한 분석에서 컬럼분리성능평가 표준용액의 경우 DB-5MS에 의해서는 총 2,3,7,8-치환이성체의 농도는 508.4 ng/mL로 나타났으며, SP-2331에 의해서는 515.8 ng/mL로 나타났다. 이들을 I-TEQ값으로 환산하였을 때 거의 동등하게 나타났다. 비산재 시료의 경우에서도 이들 두 컬럼에 의한 2,3,7,8-치환이성체의 총 농도와 I-TEQ값이 거의 비슷하게 나타났다.

• 분석과학
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 토양중에 존재하는 폴리브롬화 디페닐에테르 (polybrominated diphenyl ethers, PBDEs)를 동위원소희석법을 이용한 기체크로마토그래피/질량분석기-선택이온검색법에 의해 검출하는 분석방법을 소개하였다. 토양 중 PBDEs는 속실렛 장치로 추출하고 실리카와 플로리실 흡착제를 이용한 고체상 추출법을 비교하였다. 정제 후 추출물은 기체크로마토그래피/질량분석기-선택이온검색방법으로 분석하였으며, 동위원소로 치환된 4종의 PBDEs를 내부표준물질로 이용한 동위원소 희석법으로 8종의 PBDEs를 정량하였다. 속실렛추출 후 플로리실과 실리카 카트리지를 통한 회수율은 각각 30.8~110.8%, 44.4~110.7%이었다. 이 분석법의 검출한계는 0.04~0.3 ng/g로 나타났다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.662-666
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• 2011

In this study, distribution characteristics of dioxins in soils in Busan, Korea were investigated regarding different land use types. Soil sampling sites that distributed through the Busan city showed dioxin concentration ranging from 0.489 to $322.736pg-TEQ\;g^{-1}$ dry weight with a mean value of $26.257pg-TEQ\;g^{-1}$ dry weight. The mean dioxin concentrations of investigated soils ranged from 1.554 to $50.357pg-TEQ\;g^{-1}$ dry weight in consideration of each land use type. That in metal refinery sites with $50.357pg-TEQ\;g^{-1}$ dry weight was higher than any other sites, followed by waste incinerator sites with $44.285pg-TEQ\;g^{-1}$ dry weight. The majority of soil samples had the same dioxin congener profiling despite the different range of dioxin concentration. Octa-CDD was the major contributor among seventeen dioxin congeners with the range from 29.5 to 70.1% in real values. In contrast to real values, dioxin congener profiles in TEQ values were dominated by 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF which contributed about 35.3~43.8% to the total dioxin concentrations. It was judged by these results that penta-CDF was the major contributor of soil samples in Busan city. The mean ratio of PCDFs/PCDDs in real values was about 0.71, but that in TEQ values was, in contrast to it, approximately 3.03.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.397-403
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• 2021

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed and safety evaluation was carried out in Korean coastal area. The target congeners were benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[a]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, and chrysene. The method of analysis was significant. The highest PAHs 4 congener concentrations (12.2 ㎍/kg) was found in the mussel of Gangwon area. Comparison among the average concentration of PAHs for each congener showed that, benzo[a] anthracene was found in mussel (0.276 ㎍/kg), oyster (0.463 ㎍/kg), ark shell clam (1.92 ㎍/kg), and chrysene was found in mussel (0.848 ㎍/kg), oyster (1.36 ㎍/kg), scallop (0.489 ㎍/kg), sea squirt (3.07 ㎍/kg), and ark shell clam (0.449 ㎍/kg). In addition, benzo[b]fluoranthene was found in mussel (0.253 ㎍/kg), scallop (0.244 ㎍/kg), and sea squirt (1.64 ㎍/kg). The most hazardous benzo[a]pyrene was found in mussel (0.147 ㎍/kg), and scallop (0.244 ㎍/kg), it was not detected in the other shellfishes. However, all the PAHs levels recorded in this study did not exceed international MRLs. There was no significant difference among the PAHs concentration in shellfish based on sampling area or species. Body exposure was calculated based on PAHs concentration and intake rate. The results of this study indicated that PAHs in shellfish were within acceptable safe levels.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.115-123
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• 2019

Among the environmental chemicals that may be able to disrupt the endocrine systems of animals and humans are polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), a chemical class of considerable concern. PCB consists of two six-carbon rings linked by a single carbon bond, and theoretically, 209 congeners can form, depending on the number of chlorines and their location on the biphenyl rings. Furthermore, 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126) exposure also increases nitric oxide production and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells binding activity in chondrocytes, thus contributing as an initiator of chondrocyte apoptosis and resulting in thymic atrophy and immunosuppression. This study identified whether cardiac and immune abnormalities from PCB126 were caused by the Kv1.3 and Kv1.5 channels. PCB126 did not affect either the steady-state current or peak current of the Kv1.3 and Kv1.5 channels. However, PCB126 right-shifted the steady-state activation curves of human Kv1.3 channels. These results suggest that PCBs can affect the heart in a way that does not block voltage-dependent potassium channels including Kv1.3 and Kv1.5 directly.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.97-101
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• 2022

경상남도 남해도에서 발견된 취나물속의 신종을 남해분취(Saussurea namhaedoana)로 기재했다. 이 종은 우리나라 특산으로 근생엽이 화기까지 숙존하며, 잎은 극형, 전형또는 드물게 심장형으로 잎 가장자리는 중열 또는 큰 거치가 발달하고, 아랫면에 조락하는 회백색 거미줄 털이 밀생하며, 총포는 통형으로 회백색 거미줄 털로 덮여 있다. 자생 취나물속 식물 중에 잎 아랫면에 회백색 또는 흰색 털이 밀생하는 종으로는 은분취(S. gracilis), 함백취(S. albifolia), 서울분취(S. seoulensis), 백운취(S. insularis)가 있으나, 극형, 전형의 잎은 남해분취만의 특징이다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.593-608
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• 2022

The effect of hot-air dried Lentinula edodes pileus (DLE) on the quality and organoleptic properties of rolled-dumplings was evaluated. DLE was prepared by drying at 60℃ for 24 h and added (Non, 7%, and 9%) to rolled-dumplings. The proximate composition, pH, color (CIE L^*, a^*, b^*), and cooking yield were analyzed. Texture profile analysis, electronic-nose (e-nose), electronic-tongue (e-tongue), and organoleptic evaluation were also conducted. The cooking yield of dumplings with 9% DLE was significantly lower than that of the congeners without DLE, whereas 7% DLE did not lead to significant differences compared without DLE. With increasing DLE addition, the pH and lightness of the dumplings decreased significantly, whereas the redness tended to increase. The texture profile was significantly higher for the dumplings with DLE compared to those without DLE. E-nose analysis confirmed that DLE addition led to the positive odors (methanethiol: meaty, sulfurous; 3-methylbutanal: malty, toasted) and the negative odors (trimethylamine: ammoniacal; acetic acid: acidic, sour). E-tongue analysis showed that DLE addition decreased the intensity of the sourness and increased the intensity of the saltiness and umami of rolled-dumplings. DLE addition improved the overall organoleptic properties, but 9% DLE can be recognized as a foreign substance in organoleptic acceptance. Consequently, DLE has the potential to serve as a flavor and odor enhancer for rolled-dumplings, and the addition of DLE can positively improve consumer acceptance by improving the quality and organoleptic properties.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.56-62
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• 2003

The liver progenitor cells could form a potential target cell population fore both tumor-initiating and -promoting chemicals. Induction of drug-metabolizing and antioxidant enzymes, including AhR-dependent CYP1A1, NQO-1 and AKR1C9, was detected in the rat liver epithelial WB-F344 "stem-like" cells. Additionally, WB-F344 cells express a functional, wild-type form of p53 protein, a biomarker of genotoxic events, and connexin 43, a basic structural unit of gap junctions forming an important type of intercellular communication. In this cellular model, two complementary assays have been established for detection of the modes of action associated with tumor promotion: inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) and proliferative activity in confluent cells. We found that the PAHs and PCBs, which are AhR agonists, released WB-F344 cells from contact inhibition, increasing both DNA synthesis and cell numbers. Genotoxic effects of some PAHs that lead to apoptosis and cell cycle delay might interfere with the proliferative activity of PAHs. Contrary to that, the nongenotoxic low-molecular-weight PAHs and non-dioxin-like PCB congeners, abundant in the environment, did not significantly affect cell cycle and cell proliferation; however both groups of compounds inhibited GJIC in WB-F344 cells. The release from contact inhibiton by a mechanism that possibly involves the AhR activation, inhibition of GJIC and genotoxic events induced by environmental contaminants are three important modes of action that could play an important role in carcinogenic effects of toxic compounds. The relative potencies to inhibit GJIC, to induce AhR-mediated activity, and to release cells from contact inhibition were determined for a large series of PAHs and PCBs and their metabolites. In vitro bioassays based on detection of events on cellular level (deregulation of GJIC and/or proliferation) or determination of receptor-mediated activities in both ?$stem-like^{\circ}{\times}$ and hepatocyte-like liver cellular models are valuable tools for detection of modes of action of polyaromatic hydrocarbons. They may serve, together with concentration data, as a first step in their risk assessment.