• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.166-173
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• 2003

To determine levels of PCBs in food, beef, pork, chicken, egg, mackerel, yellow croaker, anchovy, common squid and little neck clam were chosen and collected at markets in Seoul, Busan and Kwangju. Among 209 PCB congeners, 7 congeners (#28, #52, #101, #118, #138, #153 and #180) were selected as target compounds that were known as indicator congeners. Samples were homogenized, treated in alkali solution for 1 hour, and extracted with organic solvents. After extraction, extracts were cleaned up by sulfuric acid, purified on silica gel column chromatography, analyzed by dual column-HRGC/ECD and then confirmed by HRGC/MSD. As results, PCBs were detected in fish samples ranged from 0.0002 to 0.001 mg/kg. Both PCB #101 and PCB #118 were the major contributors among 7 congeners.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.99-107
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• 2001

PCBs(Polychlorinated biphenyls) in air and plants were measured every two weeks at Hankyong University located in Ansung, Kyoung ki province from July to November in 1999. The percentage of tri-CBs(PCB 28) and tetra-CBs(PCB 52) is 49% of the total PCBs in air, which shows these two components are the major congeners. A correlation coefficient(r) of PCB congeners detected in two plants is 0.83 (p<0.01), indicating that the plants can be used as a passive sampler to indirectly estimate the pollution levels of residual PCBs in the environmental even if they have different physicochemical properties. The average ratio of PCB 110/PCB 52 is higher in plants as 0.5, 2.9 and 2.5 respectively in the air and mulberry leaves as well as scallions, which comes from the higher lipophilicity of PCB 110 rather than the ratio of PCB 110/PCB 52 in the air.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.802-809
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• 2000

Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (PCBs) in samples collected from 43 kindss of water, 35 kinds of soil and 11 kinds of sediment in various place of Korea have been monitored using GC/MS/SIM analytical method. In our investigation, mean recoveries were $83.8{\pm}10.4%$ for water, $94.9{\pm}12.2%$ for soil and sediment samples and $80.2{\pm}8.7%$ for the spiked $^{13}C{_{12}}$-PCBs. Detection limits of PCBs for water, soil and sediment samples are 0.01 ng/ml and 0.05 ng/g. PCB congeners in water samples were not detected within quantitation limit, but trace amounts were detected in most of soil and sediment samples. The contamination level of PCBs in Korea was evaluated to be lower than in advanced countries like USA, Europe and Japan.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.352-364
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• 2006

This study was performed to search for useful separation properties and elution orders of three GC columns (DB-1, DB-5MS, SPB-Octyl) for 209 PCBs congeners using M-1668A-0.01X-SET of the AccuStandard Inc.. In addition, to confirm the quantitative peak in peak pattern method, the IUPAC Nos. of PCBs congener peaks were identified with 4 Aroclor standards (Aroclor-1242, 1248, 1254 and 1260). The separation property of dioxin-like PCBs congeners by four columns (DB-1, DB-5MS, SP-2331 and SPB-Octyl) was excellent in SP-2331. DB-1 and SPB-Octyl columns are necessary to use with a column of other types.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.239-245
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• 1997

The sorption kinetic was studied to evaluate feasibility of removing PCBs from mineral oil with activated carbon. Adsorption efficiency for Aroclor 1242 which is composed of lower chlorinated PCB formulations was $\geq$ 95%, whereas the adsorption efficiency for Aroclor 1260 having higher chlorinated constituents was considerably lower with the efficiency falling to 75%. The observed difference in the adsorption efficiency is attributed to the geometry of PCBs with non-planar and coplanar structure. The concentration of coplanar PCBs is appreciably higher in Aroclor 1242. Since toxicity is primarily associated with coplanar congeners, the preferential adsorption of coplanar congeners by activated carbon accounts for the fact that toxicity reduction can be achieved through this process. The efficiency of process was assessed in terms of Toxicity Equivalence Factor (TEF).

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.21 no.1 s.59
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• pp.1-11
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• 2006

This study was to investigate concentration characteristics of atmospheric PCBs in soil sample and pine needle at rural area. Profiles of PCB congener detected in pine needle and soil sample have a difference that low molecular PCBs mainly existed in pine needle, whereas high molecular PCBs were mainly existed in soil sample because of their different vapor pressure and octanol-air partitioning coefficient($K_{OA}$) of each congeners. Correlation coefficients(r) of PCB congeners simultaneously detected in soil and pine needle were significant (r>0.71, p<0.01), which showed that PCB congeners patterns of atmosphere could be estimated in using pine needle and soil sample indirectly. The contributions(%) of higher molecular PCBs(>penta-CB) to total PCBs in soil sample were higher than those of pine needle and the contribution of lower molecular PCBs(

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.1071-1076
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• 2007

Polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were measured in pine needles of Seoul, and Ansung(GyeongGi-do) to investigate composition, source, and regional concentration of PBDEs. Concentration of total PCBs in Seoul and Ansung showed 608, 945 pg/g DW (mean: 777 pg/g DW), respectively, also concentration of total PBDEs(pg/g DW) in Seoul and Ansung showed 7944, 14,255 pg/g DW(mean 11,100 pg/g DW). Tetrachlorinated biphenyls(Tetra-CBs) and Decabromodiphenyl ethers (Deca-BDE) were detected in relatively high concentration compared to other PBDE congeners in Seoul and Ansung. Correlation coefficients(r) of between PCB congeners in pine needles detected of Seoul and Ansung were significant (r=0.85, p<0.01). It suggested that PCBs concentration in pine needles may originate from secondary sources such as air-plant partition. The similarity of between PBDE congeners profile to those of the technical mixture formulation (Bromkal 70-5DE) suggests a source of this product in these sites.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.631-634
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• 2004

The oils of Acorus gramineus, Cinnamomum sieboldii, Eugenia aromatica, and Inula helenium were tested for their acaricidal activity against Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus. Responses varied according to dose and mite species. As compared to the oils, the oil most toxic to D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus was E. aromatica, followed by C. sieboldii, A. gramineus, and I. helenium. On the basis of $LD_{50}$ values of the oils in A. gramineus, C. sieboldii, and E. aromatica, the compound most toxic against D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus was eugenol congeners (isoeugenol>eugenol>acetyleugenol) followed by benzyl benzoate, salicylaldehyde, safro1, DEET, cinnamyl alcohol, and 3-carene. As a naturally occurring acaricide, these oils and eugenol congeners could be useful as new acaricidal agents against Dermatophagoides spp.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.232-240
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• 2006

Polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) formed along with dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran products in the slow combustion of dichlorophenols (DCPs) at $600^{\circ}C$ were identified. Each DCP reactant produced a unique set of PCN products. Major PCN congeners observed in the experiments were consistent with products predicted from a mechanism involving an intermediate formed by ortho-ortho carbon coupling of phenoxy radicals; polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) are formed from the same interemediate. Tautomerization of the intermediate and $H_2O$ elimination produces PCDFs; alternatively, CO elimination to form dihydrofulvalene and fusion produces naphthalenes. Only trace amounts of tetrachloronaphthalene congeners were formed, suggesting that the preferred PCN formation pathways from chlorinated phenols involve loss of chlorine. 3,4-DCP produced the largest yields of PCDF and PCN products with two or more chlorine substituents. 2,6-DCP did not produce tri- or tetra-chlorinated PCDF or PCN congeners. It did produce 1,8-DCN, however, which could not be explained.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2016

As of many organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls are ubiquitous organic contaminants, which can be found in the most environmental matrices. Their toxic effects include endocrinedisrupting activity. Most researches with these toxicants performed with mixtures of congeners, namely Aroclor and related study has been done in complex environmental matrix, rather than single biosystems or pure congeners. 5 congeners were synthesized and their fates in pure microbial culture (Aspergillus niger) were determined in this study. Among biphenyl and synthetic congeners, biphenyl, PCB-1 (2-chlorobiphenyl), and PCB-3 (4-chlorobiphenyl) were rapidly transformed to hydrophilic metabolites, followed by PCB-38 (3,4,5-trichlorobiphenyl), while the degradation of PCB-126 (3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl) was not observed. The amounts of transformation for biphenyl, PCB-1, PCB-3, and PCB-38 were 65, 38, 52, and 2% respectively. The major metabolites of the above congeners were identified as mono- and di-hydroxy biphenyls, which are known to give adverse endocrinological effects.