• 한국광학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2006

미국 등 세계 여러 나라에서 사용되는 기존의 총기 인식 시스템(Integrated Ballistic Identification System)은 탄흔을 2차원 현미경을 통해 측정, 해석하기 때문에 여러 가지 한계를 가지고 있다. 대표적으로 측정 표면의 거칠기나 기울기 성분, 빛의 조명 각도, 조명 광량의 균일 정도, 표면의 다중 반사나 광학적 특성에 의해 측정 결과가 크게 영향을 받는다. 이로 인해 부정확한 해석을 할 수밖에 없고, 결국 총기 인식 결과의 신뢰성이 떨어진다. 본 연구에서는 이와 같은 단점을 극복하기 위해 조명이나 표면 조건에 영향을 적게 받는 삼차원 형상 측정을 도입했다. 대표적으로 백색광 주사간섭계와 동초점현미경이 사용되었으며, 이런 측정기들은 미국 표준연구소 (National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST)의 교정 단계를 밟아 보정했다. 그 결과 반복성과 재현성이 뛰어난 측정 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 또한 본 논문에서 제안하는 3차원 형상 비교 알고리즘을 통해 보다 높은 신뢰도를 갖는 총기 인식이 가능해졌다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.303-309
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• 2007

Statement of problem. The effect of gold electroforming on gold alloy was not studied. Purpose. This in vitro study investigate the effect of gold electroforming on gold-silver-palladium alloy. Material and methods. Three pieces of gold strips had undergone the electroforming procedures on one side and then half of the side again electroformed. The set mode for this study was program 1 ($200{\mu}m$). And the processing time was 15min (1/20 time to form $200{\mu}m$ coping). The confocal laser scanning microscope (PASCAL 5, Carl Zeiss, Bernried, Germany) was used to measure the thickness of the pure gold layer electroformed on the gold strips. Half of the gold strip was coated two times with electroformed gold, and the other half one time. The data from the cone focal laser system was processed to get the vertical profile of the strips and the difference of the vertical height between the double coated and single coated layer was regarded as the thickness of the gold coating. The layer thickness value to built 3D image of the cone-focal laser was set $0.5{\mu}m$. Next to the measurement of the thickness of the coating, the Vicker's hardness test was done. It was performed on the double coated surface, single coated surface and non-coated surface (back side) three times each. Results. The mean thickness value gained from gold electroforming technique was measured to be $22{\mu}m$ for sample 1, $23{\mu}m$ for sample 2, $21{\mu}m$ for sample 3. In the same condition of time, power and the amount of electrolyte, the data showed no difference between samples. According to the results of variance analysis, the differences among the variations in number of coating were statistically insignificant (p>0.05), meaning that the two times of gold electroforming coating did not change the hardness of gold-silver-palladium alloy. Conclusion. The test of thickness of gold coating proved the coherency of the gold electroforming procedure, in other words, when the power, the exposed surface area, processing time and the amount of electrolytes were set same, the same thickness of gold would be coated on. The hardness test showed that the electroformed gold coating did not change the hardness of the gold-silver-palladium alloy when it is coated not more than $45{\mu}m$.

• 한국컴퓨터그래픽스학회논문지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2017

최근 3차원 세포 배양이 가능해 지면서 세포의 부피, 3차원 형태 등을 보다 정확하게 확인할 수 있게 되었다. 일반적으로 세포의 3차원 단층 정보는 공초점 현미경 또는 전자 현미경과 같은 특수한 현미경을 이용하여 관찰 해야 한다. 그러나 공초점 현미경은 일반 현미경에 비해 비용이 비싸며, 촬영 시간이 오래 걸린다. 따라서 일반적으로 사용되는 광학 현미경으로 세포의 3차원 형태복원을 하는 방법이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 다초점 형광 영상을 기반으로 영상의 추정된 초점 값(focus estimator value)을 이용해 세포를 3차원으로 형태 복원하는 방법을 제안한다. 먼저 3차원으로 배양된 세포를 광학 현미경으로 초점을 변경 하면서 다초점 영상들을 촬영한다. 이후 영상에서 circular Hough transform을 이용하여 세포 군집의 대략적인 위치를 ROI(Region Of Interest)로 정한다. 획득한 ROI에 MSBF(Modified Sliding Band Filter)를 적용하여 ROI 내에 세포 군집의 외곽선을 추출하고, 추출된 외곽선을 기준으로 추정 초점 값을 구한다. 계산된 초점 값과 현미경의 NA(Numerical Aperture)을 이용하여 깊이를 고려한 세포 군집의 외곽선을 추출하고 추출된 외곽선을 통해 세포들을 3차원으로 형태 복원한다. 복원 결과는 세포 영상의 in-focus가 된 부분들을 하나로 합친 영상과 비교하여 검증한다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2000

It is difficult to treat the endodontic apical perforation successfully. In this study, we hypothesized that the application of PDGF-BB and IGF-I into periapical perforation site may accelerate periapical healing and lead to bone deposition. And the specificity of osteonectin in periapical healing was investigated. The experiments were performed on the upper and lower 51 premolar teeth of 4 beagle dogs. The pulp chamber of each tooth was opened and the dental plaque was inserted into the canal for developing the periapical lesion for 5 weeks. Then, the roots were artificially perforated at the apex with the number 4 profile of .06 taper. In each step, standard periapical radiographs were taken to compare the size of lesion each other. The radiographs were scanned and analyzed by image analysis system. The mean and standard deviation of periradicular radiolucency ratios were calculated in each group. ANOVA was used for comparison. 51 premolars were grouped into 3 groups; control group, calcium hydroxide-treated group and calcium hydroxide plus growth factors-treated group. In the control group, the apical perforations were not sealed and obturated with gutta-percha and ZOE sealer by lateral condensation technique. In the experimental groups, the apical perforation were sealed with calcium hydroxide and with/without $4{\mu}g$ of PDGF-BB & IGF-I in cellulose gel and obturated by lateral condensation technique. Fluorescent bone markers were used to measure new bone formation. Following 2, 4, 12 weeks after experiment the dogs were sacrificed and histologic sections were prepared. Each tooth block including periapical lesion was sectioned mesiodistally. One half of the sections were decalcified with 6% nitric acid and processed by standard paraffin embedding technique. The sections were stained by hematoxylin and eosin, and immunostained for osteonectin. Histomorphometrical measurement of neoformed bone was performed using a light microscope. And the other half of the sections were prepared by undecalcified preparation, and confocal laser scanning microscopic investigations were done.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제10권7호
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• pp.846-855
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• 2007

암세포 조직 영상 분석에서 유효한 특성값 추출은 암세포 등급별 분류를 위한 중요한 과정이다. 본 논문에서는 디지털 영상 세포 측정법 기반 세포핵의 3차원 정량적 분석 방법을 제안한다. 먼저 공초점 현미경을 사용하여 신세포암의 각 등급별 3차원 볼륨 데이터를 획득하고, 지도학습 방법을 기반으로 슬라이스 영상의 화소의 컬러 특성값을 이용하여 세포핵을 분할했다. 세포핵의 3차원 가시화를 위해, 윤곽선 기반 표면 렌더링과 3차원 텍스쳐 사상 방법을 이용한 볼륨 렌더링을 수행했다. 이후 세포핵의 3차원 형태학적 특성값을 정의하고 추출했다. 어떠한 3차원 특성값이 진단 정보로 유용할 것인가를 평가하기 위해, 분산 분석을 이용하여 각 등급 간 3차원 특성값의 통계적 유효성을 분석했다. 마지막으로 추출한 특성값을 2차원 특성값과 비교하고 상관관계를 분석했다. 그 결과, 세포핵 등급과 3차원 형태학적 특성값 간의 유효한 통계학적인 차이를 확인했다. 제안한 방법은 정확한 진단과 예후 추정을 위한 새로운 등급 결정 시스템 개발을 위한 기반 연구로 활용될 수 있는 가능성을 보여주었다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.139-146
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• 2016

Recently, popularity of 3D technology has been growing significantly and it has many application parts in the various fields of industry. In order to overcome the limitations of 2D machine vision technologies based on 2D image, we need the 3D measurement technologies. There are many 3D measurement methods as such scanning probe microscope, phase shifting interferometry, confocal scanning microscope, white-light scanning interferometry, and so on. In this paper, we have used the extended depth of focus (EDF) algorithm among 3D measurement methods. The EDF algorithm is the method which extracts the 3D information from 2D images acquired by short range depth camera. In this paper, we propose the EDF algorithm using the edge informations of images and the average values of all pixel on z-axis to improve the performance of conventional method. To verify the performance of the proposed method, we use the various synthetic images made by point spread function(PSF) algorithm. We can correctly make a comparison between the performance of proposed method and conventional one because the depth information of these synthetic images was known. Through the experimental results, the PSNR of the proposed algorithm was improved about 1 ~ 30 dB than conventional method.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2013

To explore the paper materials for restoration of the Annals of the Joseon Dyansty, durability of the three type of the traditional Korean Papers were estimated in this study, through moist heat artificial aging test. Three types(D, F, and G) which showed the best preservation performance in dry heat and UV treatment in the previous study were selected and artificial accelerated aging treatment with moist-heat process was conducted; the viscosity change rate was D>G>F; folding endurance G>D>F; $L^*$ value F>D>G; $a^*$ and $b^*$ change rate D>G>F; brightness decrease rate D>G>F, suggesting paper F showed the least change rate in physical/optical properties. Also the CLSM image observation showed fair coherence among fibers and confirmed paper mulberry. And in FDI extraction from each sample, paper F showed the highest value. Overall, paper F (traditional glossy paper) showed the highest stability against thermal treatment. It confirms that paper F is suitable as restoration paper for tributary remains including the annals of the Joseon Dynasty for its steady strength/viscosity decrease rate and color change rate.

• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물번식학회 2001년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.41-41
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• 2001

Chromatin configuration and microtubule assembly were determined in porcine maturing and activated oocytes following intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Microtubule localization was confirmed using a mouse monoclonal antibody to $\alpha$-tubulin and detected using a fluorescent labeled goat anti-mouse secondary antibody. DNA was stained with propidium iodide. The image of microtubules and chromatin was captured using laser scanning confocal microscope. In germinal vesicle stage oocyte, sperm chromatin remained condensation and sperm derived microtubules were not observed at 8 to 12 h after sperm injection. At 24 h after injection, the sperm nucleus developed to the metaphase chromatin along the metaphase structure of female nucleus. In some metaphase I stage oocytes, sperm chromatin decondensed at 8 h to 12 h after injection, sperm aster was seen soon after sperm injection. At 24 h after sperm injection into metaphase I stage oocyte, male chromatin developed to the metaphase chromatin while female chromatin extruded first polar body and formed the metaphase chromatin. At 12 to 15 h after sperm injection into preactivated oocytes, condensed sperm nucleus was located in close proximity of female pronucleus. However, the condensed nucleus did not fuse with female pronucleus. In preactivated ocytes, injected sperm remained condensation, a few sperm organized small microtubular aster. Instead, maternal derived microtubules were organized near the female chromatin, which seem to move condensed male chromatin near to the female pronucleus. These results suggest that sperm nuclear decondensing activity and nucleation activity of centrosome during fertilization are cell cycle dependent. In absence of male functional centrosome, female origin centrosome takes over the role of microtubule nucleation for nuclear movement.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.161-166
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• 2014

Lung cancer is the most common causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and a lack of effective methods for early diagnosis has greatly impacted the prognosis and survival rates of the affected patients. Tumor-initiating cells (TICs) are considered to be largely responsible for tumor genesis, resistance to tumor therapy, metastasis, and recurrence. In addition to representing a good potential treatment target, TICs can provide clues for the early diagnosis of cancer. MicroRNA (miRNA) alterations are known to be involved in the initiation and progression of human cancer, and the detection of related miRNAs in TICs is an important strategy for lung cancer early diagnosis. As Hsa-miR-155 (miR-155) can be used as a diagnostic marker for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a smart molecular beacon of miR-155 was designed to image the expression of miR-155 in NSCLC cases. TICs expressing CD133 and CD338 were obtained from A549 cells by applying an immune magnetic bead isolation system, and miR-155 was detected using laser-scanning confocal microscopy. We found that intracellular miR-155 could be successfully detected using smart miR-155 molecular beacons. Expression was higher in TICs than in A549 cells, indicating that miR-155 may play an important role in regulating bio-behavior of TICs. As a non-invasive approach, molecular beacons could be implemented with molecular imaging to diagnose lung cancer at early stages.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.200-200
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• 2017

Salinity stress is one of the most important abiotic stresses and severely impairs plant growth and production. Root is the first site for nutrient accumulation like as $Na^+$ in the plant. To investigate the response of wheat root under salinity stress, we executed the characterization of morphology and analysis of metabolites. Wheat seeds cv. Keumgang (Korean cultivar) were grown on the moist filter paper in Petri dish. After 5 days, seedlings were transferred to hydroponic apparatus at 1500 LUX light intensity, at $20^{\circ}C$ with 70% relative humidity in a growth chamber. Seedlings (5-day-old) were exposed to 50mM, 75mM, 100mM NaCl for 5 days. Ten-day-old seedlings were used for morphological characterization and metabolite analysis. Root and leaf length became shorter in high NaCl concentration compared to following NaCl treatment. For confirmation of salt accumulation, wheat roots were stained with $CoroNa^+$ Green AM, and fluoresce, and the image was taken by confocal microscopy. $Na^+$ ion accumulation rate was higher at 100mM compared to the untreated sample. Furthermore, to analyze metabolites in the wheat root, samples were extracted by $D_2O$ solvent, and extracted sample was analyzed by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Fourteen metabolites were identified in wheat roots using NMR spectroscopy. Methanol and ethanol were up-regulated, whereas formate, aspartate, aminobutyrate, acetate and valine were down-regulated under salinity stress on roots of wheat. Fumarate had no change, while glucose, betaine, choline, glutamate and lactate were unevenly affected during salinity stress.