• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제11권12호
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• pp.1635-1648
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• 2008

The extraction of important features in cancer cell image analysis is a key process in grading renal cell carcinoma. In this study, we applied three-dimensional (3D) texture feature extraction methods to cell nuclei images and evaluated the validity of them for computerized cell nuclei grading. Individual images of 2,423 cell nuclei were extracted from 80 renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). First, we applied the 3D texture mapping method to render the volume of entire tissue sections. Then, we determined the chromatin texture quantitatively by calculating 3D gray-level co-occurrence matrices (3D GLCM) and 3D run length matrices (3D GLRLM). Finally, to demonstrate the suitability of 3D texture features for grading, we performed a discriminant analysis. In addition, we conducted a principal component analysis to obtain optimized texture features. Automatic grading of cell nuclei using 3D texture features had an accuracy of 78.30%. Combining 3D textural and 3D morphological features improved the accuracy to 82.19%. As a comparative study, we also performed a stepwise feature selection. Using the 4 optimized features, we could obtain more improved accuracy of 84.32%. Three dimensional texture features have potential for use as fundamental elements in developing a new nuclear grading system with accurate diagnosis and predicting prognosis.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.298-305
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• 2021

Modern distance sensing methods employ various measurement principles, including triangulation, time-of-flight, confocal, interferometric and frequency comb. Among them, the triangulation method, with a laser light source and an image sensor, is widely used in low-cost applications. We developed an omnidirectional two-dimensional (2D) distance sensor based on the triangulation principle for indoor floor mapping applications. The sensor has a range of 150-1500 mm with a relative resolution better than 4% over the range and 1% at 1 meter distance. It rotationally scans a compact one-dimensional (1D) distance sensor, composed of a near infrared (NIR) laser diode, a folding mirror, an imaging lens, and an image detector. We designed the sensor layout and configuration to satisfy the required measurement range and resolution, selecting easily available components in a special effort to reduce cost. We built a prototype and tested it with seven representative indoor wall specimens (white wallpaper, gray wallpaper, black wallpaper, furniture wood, black leather, brown leather, and white plastic) in a typical indoor illuminated condition, 200 lux, on a floor under ceiling mounted fluorescent lamps. We confirmed the proposed sensor provided reliable distance reading of all the specimens over the required measurement range (150-1500 mm) with a measurement resolution of 4% overall and 1% at 1 meter, regardless of illumination conditions.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.35-39
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• 2000

Refining is very important process of fibers treatment for proper paper properties. An extent of refining is usually measured by freeness, although freeness gives complicated meanings. One of a direct way of studying the refining effects on pulp fibers is making photomicrographs of beaten fibers. The conventional microscopy like light microscopy(LM) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) require to preserve the wet structure of pulp fibers morphologically since most of papermaking process is carried out almost entirely in water. Recently developed microscopy, especially confocal laser scanning microscopy(CLSM), offers the possibility of examining fully hydrated pulp fibers. Cross-sectional images of wet pulp fibers are also generated using optical sectioning by CLSM and image analysis in order to verify and quantify the extent of fiber wall swelling indicating the internal fibrillation. At low beating load such as 2.5 kgf, in the same freeness, breaking length is higher than that of high beating load such as 5.6 kgf. fiber wall thickness at low beating load is greater than that at high beating load. This result is accounted for the fact that internal fibrillation in the low beating load was high.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.97-103
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• 2009

Recently, great advance is achieved in the field of genome-wide functional screening using cell-based assay. Here, we briefly introduce well-established and typical cell-based assays of GPCR and some parameters which should be considered for genome-wide functional screening. Because of characters and importance of GPCR as drug targets, several ways of assay systems were devised. Among them, high-content screening (HCS) that is based on the analysis of image by confocal microscope is becoming favorite choice. The advances in this technology have been driven exclusively by industry for their convenience. Now, it is turn for academy to define more detail signaling networks via HCS using cDNA or siRNA libraries at genome-wide level. By isolating novel signaling mediators using cDNA or siRNA library, and postulating them as new candidates for therapeutic target, more understanding about life science and more increased chances to develop therapeutics against human disease will be achieved.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.173-182
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the adaptability of light-cured glass ionomer cement to cavity walls. Class V cavities were prepared on the labial surfaces of extracted bovine incisor teeth. The cavities were restored with Fuji II as self-cured glass ionomer cement and Fuji II LC, Vitremer as light-cured glass ionomer cement. Fluorescent markers (fluoreceine and rhodamin B) were incorperated into liquid and primer for a better image of microscopic observation. Restored teeth were sectioned by longitudinal and labiolingual direction. The adaptability at the tooth-restoration interface was assessed incisally, axially and cervically by confocal scanning laser microscope. Following results were obtained : 1. Chemical-cured glass iomomer cement restoration showed close adaptation on the all of the cavity walls, but, cracks formed within the cement. 2. Light-cured glass ionomer cement restoration was well adapted to the cavity walls, but showed crack in the cement adjacent to axial dentinal wall. 3. There' was no significant difference in adaptability between two light-cured glass ionomer cement restorations.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.68-74
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• 2013

In this paper, an average surface roughness, $R_a$, was measured by optical measurement and its mathematical model according to spindle speed and feedrate was obtained by least square method. Also, its result is compared and investigated with real measured average surface roughness. The optical measurement of surface roughness is performed by CLSM(confocal laser scanning microscope) and the captured HEI(height encoded image) data is used as an original data for the generation of average surface roughness and its mathematical plane or contour surface of surface roughness. Using this polynomial model with two independent variables, the behavior of an average surface roughness is investigated and analyzed with an experimental modeling of least square algorithm. And it can be used for the prediction of $R_a$ in different condition of machining.

• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국막학회 1999년도 The 7th Summer Workshop of the Membrane Society of Korea
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• pp.79-82
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• 1999

Using Small Angle Light Scattering (SALS), the effect of quench depth on the kinetics of phase separation for ternary solution blends was investigated. The system was composed of two polymers (polystyrene and polybutadiene) and a solvent (toluene). The analyses of the early stage of phase separation were based of the Cahn-Hilliard theory [1,5]. Apparent diffusion coefficients and the fastest mode of fluctuations were evaluated, when quench depth of the system were varied near the critical composition of polymer. In the late stage of phase separation, the domain growth showed a power law with the 1/3 exponent, i.e. $q_m(t)~t^{-1/3}$. For comparison between real images and scattering profiles with time, the image of phase domains with time were obtained by using Laser Confocal Scanning Microscopy (LSCM).

• 한국멀티미디어학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국멀티미디어학회 2003년도 춘계학술발표대회논문집
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• pp.242-245
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• 2003

현미경을 통해 획득한 세포영상이나 조직영상은 질병의 유무나 암의 진행 정도를 파악하여 환자를 치료하기 위한 매우 중요한 요소이다. 하지만 현재 세포나 조직영상에 대한 분석은 광학현미경을 통해 얻어진 2차원 영상분석방법을 주로 이용하고 있으므로 잘린 단면의 각도나 두께에 따라 서로 다른 분석결과를 나타내는 문제점을 가지고 있다 따라서 본 연구에서는 콘포컬 현미경을 사용하여 50nm 두께의 연속적 섹션 영상을 획득한 후, 이를 바탕으로 자궁경부암세포를 3차원으로 재구성 방법을 제안한다. 본 연구의 결과는 2차원 정량분석에 대한 한계를 극복하고 정확한 진단과 예후 추정으로 환자에게 최적의 임상적 치료를 제공할 수 있는 기반을 마련하는데 활용하고자 한다

• Medical Lasers
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2020

Optical-based imaging technology has high resolution and can assess images in real time. Numerous studies have been conducted for its application in the dental field. The current research introduces an oral camera that includes fluorescent imaging, a second study examining a 3D intraoral scanner applying a confocal method and a polarization structure that identifies the 3D image of a tooth, and finally, an optical coherence tomography technique. Using this technique, we introduce a new concept 3D oral scanner that simultaneously implements 3D structural imaging as well as images that diagnose the inside of teeth. With the development of light source technology and detector technology, various optical-based imaging technologies are expected to be applied in dentistry.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.232-240
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• 2001

시장에서 수집한 갈변병에 감염된 느타리버섯으로부터 125 균주를 분리하였고 그 중 45 균주는 병원성 균주로 조사되었다. WLFO 6 strains, WLFO 6 strains으로 나타났고, WLRO의 몇 균주는 병원성 검정 실험에서 약한 병원성을 나타내기도 했다. WLFO 6균주는 모두 느타리버섯의 갈변병 주원인균으로 알려진 P. tolaasii로 미생물 신속 동성을 (MIDI, gas chromatograph-microbial identification system)에 의해 동정되었고 WLRO는 P. gingeri, P. fluorescens biotype A and type C. 로 동정되었다. 그 외의 선발된 Pseudomonas spp.는 P. gingeri, P. agarici, P. fluorescens biotype B, P. chloroaphis, non-pathogenic P. tolaasii, P. putida biotype A, B 등으로 동정이 되었다. 분리된 병원성 세균의 세포배양 여과액으로 버섯에서의 갈변과 조직 함몰을 실험하였다. 병원성 검정에서 약한 병원성을 보인 분리균들은 갈변 또는 조직함몰이 나타나지 않았으나 강한 병원성을 나타냈던 균들은 두 현상이 모두 나타났다. P. tolaasii에 의해서 생성되는 세포외독소인 tolaasin의 활성을 조사하기 위하여 600 nm에서 용혈 활성을 측정하였다. P. tolaasii로 동정된 6 균주는 0.8∼0.9, 약한 병원성의 WLROs는 0.9∼1.0 그리고 Pseudomonas spp.는 10∼1.2로 나타났다. 공초점 현미경 기술을 이용하여 신선한 버섯에서의 조직을 optical sectioning image와 vertical sectioning image로 관찰하였고 또한 P. toiaasii에 의하여 오염된 조직부위의 영상을 회득하였다.