• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.509-518
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• 2003

Gasa was a surplice of Buddhist monk. It was usually worn in the religious ceremony. Gasa was such a religious cloth that was ruled strongly by Buddha's Commandments, and a kind of cloth that was also reflected by historical, cultural, and ideological factors of each nation. Korean Gasa had various features comparing to the Original Gasa or to that of South Asia which is the birthplace of Buddhism. One of them was 天 王 embroideries that we could find upon the regular square base in the four comers of Korean Gasa. These figures symbolized the Four Devas which were believed guarding Buddhist sanctum. These Devas appeared from the era of the Three Kingdoms when Buddhism imported. Buddhism as a alien religion had been developed through conflicting and fusing with Korean traditional religious characteristics into type of 'Faith to Three Treasures' (Buddha, Buddhist Commandments, Buddhist monk). They believed that embroidering 天 王 figures upon the regular square bases in the four corners were able to protect Buddhist monk by the help of Four Devas. We might say this as a kind of Faith to Buddhist monk.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.57 no.11
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• pp.472-478
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• 2014

Kawasaki disease (KD), an acute vasculitis that primarily affects young children, is the most common acquired paediatric cardiovascular disease in developed countries. While sequelae of arterial inflammation in the acute phase of KD are well documented, its late effects on vascular health are increasingly unveiled. Late vascular dysfunction is characterized by structural alterations and functional impairment in term of arterial stiffening and endothelial dysfunction and shown to involve both coronary and systemic arteries. Further evidence suggests that continuous low grade inflammation and ongoing active remodeling of coronary arterial lesions occur late after acute illness and may play a role in structural and functional alterations of the arteries. Potential importance of genetic modulation on vascular health late after KD is implicated by associations between mannose binding lectin and inflammatory gene polymorphisms with severity of peripheral arterial stiffening and carotid intima-media thickening. The changes in cholesterol and lipoproteins levels late after KD further appear similar to those proposed to be atherogenic. While data on adverse vascular health are less controversial in patients with persistent or regressed coronary arterial aneurysms, data appear conflicting in individuals with no coronary arterial involvements or only transient coronary ectasia. Notwithstanding, concerns have been raised with regard to predisposition of KD in childhood to accelerated atherosclerosis in adulthood. Until further evidence-based data are available, however, it remains important to assess and monitor cardiovascular risk factors and to promote cardiovascular health in children with a history of KD in the long term.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.111-126
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to understand the gender-neutral phenomenon, to grasp the flow of design, and to seek the future direction of modern fashion design. As for the scope and method of the study, this study was performed based on relevant literature. In terms of visual data, website photos were collected from the collection of S/S in 2016 to F/W in 2020. To assess the properties of the gender-neutral, analysis was implemented on the results after arranging the factors for gender neutrality and the characteristics suggested in the related papers. The fashion-related expert group analyzed the properties of the gender-neutral style from 1,031 pictures, where the gender-neutral style of fashion design collections was applied. As a result of the analysis, the characteristics of the gender-neutral were analyzed and divided into the extended body-positive performance style, the mashup style- respecting the conflicting culture, the street style of coexisting genders, and the fluid style of changing directions. In this study, the attributes were derived as acceptability, playfulness, and sustainability. Accordingly, it is expected that this study will play a fundamental role in the creative fashion design development and unfolding of the fashion industry and fashion designers.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.4451-4456
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• 2016

Background: In this study, we examined epidemiological aspects of dynamic changes in incidences of laryngeal cancer in male and female populations in Kazakhstan. Materials and Methods: Primary data were for registered patients with malignant laryngeal tumors in the whole country during the period of 1999-2014. Evaluation of changes in laryngeal cancer incidence in the population of Kazakhstan was performed using component analysis. Results: It was determined that the number of patients with laryngeal cancer in the whole country is decreasing although with conflicting impacts of different factors. Despite population growth (all - ${\Delta}_P=+66.1%$, men - ${\Delta}_P=+70.9%$ and women - ${\Delta}_P=+46.4%$), and aging (all - ${\Delta}_A=+45.1%$, men - ${\Delta}_A=+54.3$ and women - ${\Delta}_A=+22.2$), the reduction in risk of developing the disease (all - ${\Delta}_R=-165.6%$, men - ${\Delta}_R=-170.9%$ and women - ${\Delta}_R=-141.0%$) was overwhelming. Conclusions: This investigation was the first epidemiological study of dynamics of laryngeal cancer by component analysis in population of Kazakhstan. Implementation of the results of the study is recommended in management of anti-cancer activities for laryngeal cancer.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.8
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• pp.645-651
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• 2020

The concept of social entrepreneurship (SE) is gaining attention in developing economies for the purpose of greater societal welfare maximization. Still, findings in the field of SE studies have been riddled with conflicting results and counterstatement. Also, the determinants of developing SE are not robustly investigated in developing economies like Bangladesh. This context has mobilized the authors of this current study to focus on determining student's intention to pursue SE as their career choice. Hence, the study aims to examine the predictive determinants of social entrepreneurial intentions (SEI) among Bangladeshi students. The study has investigated the influence of entrepreneurial self-efficacy, social support, prior experience, and educational support on SEI. The survey was conducted from a public university of Bangladesh, and 231 students participated in the study. Questionnaire items under each construct variable have been adopted from pre-tested research studies. Five-point Likert scale questionnaire was applied to measure the variables. SPSS version 23.0 has been used for statistical analysis through which correlation and multiple regression analysis were conducted to measure the impact of the independent variables on SEI. Results exhibited that self-efficacy, social support, and educational support positively and significantly predicted SEI, while prior experience does not influence SEI.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.39-56
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• 2013

There have been many studies that open innovation activities have positive effects on firm performance. However, the previous studies have shown conflicting results, depending on the characteristics of companies or the timing of the product launch. This study empirically compares open innovation performance of first-mover companies and follower companies. The analyses are performed on the samples of the Korean Innovation Survey 2010 companies that explored external information and performed R&D cooperation. The results indicate that open innovation activities can have different effects depending on a company's status in the market. For the first-mover companies, the intensity of utilizing external information has greater impact on the firm's performance than the diversity of it. By contrast, for the follower companies, the diversity of utilizing external information has greater impact on the firm's performance than the intensity of it. In terms of R&D cooperation, the external cooperation is found not to have significant effects on a first-mover company's performance. However, external R&D cooperation of a follower company is showing positive impact on the firm's performance. The implication of the study is to analyze the firm's Open-Innovation performance by comparing first-mover companies with follower companies. Therefore, companies need to execute the Open-Innovation strategy by considering firm characteristics or the timing of the product launch.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.141-148
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• 2005

In order to reduce the time and costs of improving the performance of vehicle suspensions, the techniques for optimizing damping and air spring characteristic were proposed. A full vehicle model for a bus is constructed with a car body, front and rear suspension linkages, air springs, dampers, tires, and a steering system. An air spring and a damper are modeled with nonlinear characteristics using experimental data and a curve fitting technique. The objective function for ride quality is WRMS (Weighted RMS) of the power spectral density of the vertical acceleration at the driver's seat, middle seat and rear seat. The objective function for handling performance is the RMS (Root Mean Squares) of the roll angle, roll rate, yaw rate, and lateral acceleration at the center of gravity of a body during a lane change. The design variables are determined by damping coefficients, damping exponents and curve fitting parameters of air spring characteristic curves. The Taguchi method is used in order to investigate sensitivity of design variables. Since ride and handling performances are mutually conflicting characteristics, the validity of the developed optimum design procedure is demonstrated by comparing the trends of ride and handling performance indices with respect to the ratio of weighting factors. The global criterion method is proposed to obtain the solution of multi-objective optimization problem.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.19 no.spc
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• pp.78-81
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• 2011

This study compares and contrasts the Wales and England Organic Action Plans (WOAP and EOAP) and a Korean regional Life-Food Development Plan (KLFDP) in order to facilitate the development of the organic sector in Korea. Early action plans, for example, the first WOAP (1999) focused support on developing the supply of organic products whereas later action plans focused on marketing and consumer. OAPs may not only provide specific issue-solving roles by proposing new policy measures but also perform a regulatory role as a controller for organic sector development as a whole. The current KLFDP seems to stick to the former role but hardly has the latter role such as setting priorities, harmonizing various conflicting policy measures and factors and performing evaluation process for further progress. To secure better harmonized and sustainable development of Korean organic farming sector, constructing comprehensive national-level organic action plan, which has policy developing, implementing, regulating, evaluating and evolving functions, might be the most efficient choice.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.185-189
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• 2007

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a complex system, consisting of many sophisticated components. For a systematic characterization, a $2^4$ full factorial experiment was conducted. The SEM components examined include condenser lens 1 and 2 (denoted as A and B, respectively), and Objective lens (coarse and fine-denoted as C and D respectively). A statistical analysis was conduced to investigate factor effects and variations In response surfaces. Among four factors, main effect analysis revealed that A and D were Identified as the dominant factor. Moreover, B showed conflicting effect against C. The $R^2$ of statistical regression model constructed was about 69.6%. The model generated 3D response surface plots facilitated understanding of complex tactor effects.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.89-100
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• 2018

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation method that delivers 1-2 mA of current to the scalp. Several clinical studies have been conducted to confirm the therapeutic effect of major depressive disorder (MDD) patients with tDCS. Some studies have shown tDCS's antidepressant effect, while the others showed conflicting results in antidepressant effects. Our aim of this review is to understand the biological bases of tDCS's antidepressant effect and review the results of studies on tDCS's antidepressant effect. For the review and search process of MDD treatment using tDCS, the US National Library of Medicine search engine PubMed was used. In this review, we discuss the biological mechanism of tDCS's antidepressant effect and the existing published literature including meta-analysis, systematic review, control trial, open studies, and case reports of antidepressant effects and cognitive function improvement in patients with MDD are reviewed. We also discuss the appropriate tDCS protocol for MDD patients, factors predictive of response to tDCS treatment, the disadvantages of tDCS in MDD treatment, and side effects.